ATTACHMENT-FOCUSED EVIDENCE-BASED MENTORING MODEL

Abstract

Mentoring programs are systematic structures targeting positive youth development (PYD). Studies demonstrate the effectiveness of mentoring programs in support of individuals socially, emotionally, academically and in employment areas; promoting protective and preventive factors (Logsdon et al., 2018). Mentoring programs are found to be promoting positive development not only for mentis but also for the mentors by enhancing a positive climate and cooperative atmosphere (Voight and Nation, 2016). As a matter of fact, various kinds of mentoring programs have been put into practice since 1990s. Despite a rapid quantitative increase in mentoring programs until now, serious concerns have been raised regarding the quality. As a result of these concerns, the question of how effective and evidence-based mentoring programs should be coming to the fore. Hereafter, a kind of more customized mentoring programs have begun to be discussed in terms of their structural features that should be in a mentoring program, and individual (e.g., attachment styles, psychopathology, etc.) and environmental risk factors of mentees personally. This study is based on these discussions especially by focusing on the importance of attachment-based perspective while pairing procedure of mentors and mentees and the supervision service for an effective and evidence-based mentoring program. Consequently, more relationship focused mentee-based mentoring programs are found to be more effective in promoting positive youth development instead of excessively structured and goal-oriented mentoring programs.

Keywords

• attachment
• attachment-based mentoring
• youth
• positive youth development
• supervision

BAĞLANMA-TEMELLİ KANITA-DAYALI MENTÖRLÜK MODELİ

Öz

Mentörlük programları çocuk ve gençlerin pozitif gelişimini destekleyen sistemli programlardır. Araştırmalar, mentörlük programlarının bireyleri sosyal, duygusal, akademik ve istihdam alanlarında desteklemek adına faydalı olduğunu (Logsdon ve ark., 2018); koruyucu ve önleyici faktörleri teşvik ettiğini göstermektedir. Mentörlük programları sadece mentiler için değil mentörler için de olumlu bir iklim ve iş birliği kültürü oluşturarak onların pozitif gelişimlerini teşvik edebilir (Voight & Nation, 2016). Nitekim 1990’lı yıllardan beri bu amaçla pek çok mentörlük programı hayata geçirilmiştir. Günümüze dek niceliksel olarak ciddi anlamda artış gösteren mentörlük programlarının niteliğinin nasıl olması gerektiği ile ilgili ciddi kaygılar doğmuştur. Söz konusu kaygıların bir neticesi olarak etkili ve kanıta dayalı bir mentörlük programının nasıl olması gerektiği sorusu gündeme gelmiştir. Artık, bir mentörlük programında olması gereken süreçlerin yapılandırıldığı, hedef menti kitlesinin özelliklerinin, barındırdığı bireysel (ör. bağlanma tarzı, psikopatoloji, vb.) ve çevresel risk faktörlerinin dikkate alındığı bir nevi kişiselleştirilmiş mentörlük programları tartışılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çalışma da söz tartışmalardan hareketle özellikle mentör ve menti eşleştirme sürecinde bağlanma temelli bir yaklaşımın ve süregiden süpervizyon desteğinin etkili ve nitelikli bir mentörlük programı için neden önemli olduğu tartışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, aşırı yapılandırılmış bir çerçevede sadece hedef odaklı mentörlük programlarından ziyade yine belirli bir çerçevesi ve hedefi olan ama ilişkiyi merkeze alan daha menti odaklı bir yaklaşım gençliğin pozitif gelişimi için gereklidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• bağlanma
• bağlanma temelli mentörlük
• gençlik
• gençliğin pozitif gelişimi
• süpervizyon

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