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Yorumlayıcı Fenomenolojik Analiz

Year 2023, Volume: 22 Issue: 46, 509 - 527, 25.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.46928/iticusbe.1176444

Abstract

Yorumlayıcı Fenomenolojik Analiz (IPA), felsefi kökeni fenomenoloji, hermenötik ve idiyografiye dayanan çağdaş bir nitel araştırma yöntemidir. Bireysel deneyimin sistematik olarak araştırılmasına dayanan bu yöntemin amacı olgunun nesnel bir ifadesine ulaşma amacının aksine belirli deneyimlerin, olayların ve durumların katılımcılar için taşıdığı anlamları ayrıntılı olarak incelemektir. Başlangıçta Yorumlayıcı Fenomenolojik Analiz “yaratıcı, esnek ve akışkan bir yöntem” olarak nitelendirilmiş, araştırma süreci araştırmacının yorumlama becerisine bırakılmıştır. Ancak yaygın kullanımı araştırmanın amacı, soruların belirlenmesi, örneklem seçimi ve veri analizine kadar tüm süreçlerin nitel yöntemlere özgü güvenilirlik kriterleri bağlamında net bir şekilde belirlenmesini gerekli kılmıştır. İlk olarak sağlık psikolojisinde yöntemsel bir yaklaşım olarak tanımlanmakla birlikte giderek artan bir şekilde sosyal, klinik ve danışmanlık gibi psikolojinin diğer alanlarına doğru genişleyen bir yaklaşım haline gelmiştir. Amaç: Araştırmanın temel amacı sosyal bilimlerde hızla ivme kazanan nitel yaklaşımların görece yeni bir yorumu olan ve olgunun analitik düzeyde incelenmesinin altını çizen Yorumlayıcı Fenomenolojik Araştırma yönteminin rasyoneli ve metodolojisinin sınırlarını çizmektir. Yaklaşım: Bu çalışmada öncelikle Yorumlayıcı Fenomenolojik Analiz’in epistemolojik temelleri açıklanmış ve metodolojik çerçevesi çizilmiş, bir IPA araştırmasının fenomenolojik, hermenötik ve idiyografik odak korunarak nasıl yürütüleceğine ilişkin aşamalar aktarılmıştır. Ardından bu yönteme uygun araştırma sorularının nasıl hazırlanacağı, örneklemin belirlenmesinde önemli olan kriterler, veri analizine yönelik aşamalı süreç ve araştırmacı farkındalığı başlıkları ilgili yazın çerçevesinde açıklanmıştır. Özgünlük: İncelenen olgunun katılımcılar için taşıdığı anlamlar yoluyla kapsamlı bir betimlemesine “olabildiğince” yaklaşmak amacında olan nitel araştırmalar için, seçilen yöntemin sınırlarını belirlemek büyük önem taşımaktadır. Güvenilirlik kriteri göz önünde bulundurularak analizin her aşamasını net, açık ve izlenebilir uygulama adımlarıyla ortaya koyan bu çalışmanın gelecek araştırmalar için bir temel oluşturacağı düşünülmektedir.

References

  • Arkonaç, S.A. (2015). Psikolojide Bilginin Eleştirel Arkaplanı. Hiperlink.
  • Elliott, S.N., Kratochwill, T.R., Littlefield Cook, J. & Travers, J. (2000). Educational psychology: Effective teaching, effective learning (3rd Ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill College.
  • Finlay, L. (2009) Ambiguous Encounters: A Relational Approach to Phenomenological Research, Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology, 9(1)1-17.
  • Finlay, L. (2011). Phenomenology for therapists: Researching the lived world. West Sussex, United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell. Fook, J. & Gardner, F. (2007). Practicing critical reflection: A resource handbook. Berkshire: Open University Press.
  • Giorgi, A. and Giorgi, B. (2003) Phenomenology. Smith J.A. (Ed.) Qualitative psychology: a practical guide to research methods içinde. London: Sage.
  • Klein, P., & Westcott, M. R. (1994). The changing character of phenomenological psychology. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 35(2), 133-158.
  • Kuş., E. (2007). Sosyal Bilim Metodolojisinde Paradigma Dönüşümü ve Psikolojide Nitel Araştırma. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 10(20), 19-41.
  • Kuş., E. (2012). Nitel-Nicel Araştırma Teknikleri. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Larkin, M. & Thompson, A.R. (2011). Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. D. Harper and A.R. Thompson (Eds.) Qualitative Research Methods in Mental Health and Psychotherapy: a guide for students and practitioners içinde (99-116). John Wiley & Sons, Oxford.
  • Larkin, M., Watts, S., & Clifton, E. (2006). Giving voice and making sense in interpretative phenomenological analysis. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 102-120.
  • McGeechan, G.J., McPherson, K.E., Roberts, K, (2018). An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experience of living with colorectal cancer as a chronic illness. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 27(15-16), 3148-3156.
  • Merleau-Ponty, M. (2005). Phenomenology of perception. London, England: Routledge.
  • Miller, R.M., Chan, C.D. and Farmer, L.B. (2018), Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: A Contemporary Qualitative Approach. Counselor Education and Supervision, 57, 240-254.
  • Narter, M. (1999). Psikoloji ve Sosyal Psikolojinin Bilimsel Gelişimi ve Bugünü. Arkonaç, S. A. (Ed.), Psikolojide yeni tartışmalar içinde. İstanbul: ALFA Yayınları.
  • Noon, E.J. (2018). Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis: An Appropriate Methodology for Educational Research? Journal of Perspectives in Applied Academic Practice, 6, 75-83.
  • Osborne, J. W. (1994). Some similarities and differences among phenomenological and other methods of psychological qualitative research. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 35(2), 167-189.
  • Pietkiewicz, I.J., & Smith, J.A. (2014). A practical guide to using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis in qualitative research psychology.
  • Popper., C. (1963). Conjectures and Refutations. The Growth of Scientific Knowledge. Routledge Classics.
  • Reid, K., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2005). Exploring lived experience. The Psychologist, 18(1), 20-23. 102-120.
  • Smith, J.A. (1996). Beyond the divide between cognition and discourse: Using interpretative phenomenological analysis in health psychology. Psychology & Health, 11(2), 261-271.
  • Smith, J.A., Jarman, M. & Osborne, M. (1999). Doing Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. M. Murray & K. Chamberlain (Eds.) Qualitative Health Psychology: Theories and Methods içinde. London: Sage.
  • Smith, J.A. (1999). Identity development during the transition to motherhood: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Journal of reproductive and infant psychology, 17(3), 281-299.
  • Smith, J. A. (2004). Reflecting on the development of interpretative phenomenological analysis and its contribution to qualitative research in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 1, 39-54.
  • Smith, J. A., & Eatough, V. (2006). Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. G. M. Breakwell, S. Hammond, C. Fife-Schaw, & J. A. Smith (Eds.), Research methods in psychology içinde (322-341). Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Smith, J.A. and Osborn, M. (2008) Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. In: Smith, J.A., Eds., Qualitative Psychology: A Practical Guide to Research Methods, Sage, London, 53-80.
  • Smith, J. A., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: Theory, Method and Research. London: Sage.
  • Smith, J. A. (2011). Evaluating the contribution of interpretative phenomenological analysis, Health Psychology Review, (5)1, 9-27.
  • Tuffour, I. (2017). A Critical Overview of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: A Contemporary Qualitative Research Approach.
  • Wertz, F. J. (2005). Phenomenological research methods for counseling psychology. Journal Counseling Psychology, 52(2), 167-177.
  • Yıldırım., A., Şimşek., H. (2013). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.

Interpretive phenomenological analysis

Year 2023, Volume: 22 Issue: 46, 509 - 527, 25.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.46928/iticusbe.1176444

Abstract

basis in phenomenology, hermeneutics and idiography. This method is based on the systematic investigation of individual experience. The aim is to investigate the meanings of certain phenomenon for the participants, unlike the aim of reaching an objective expression of the phenomenon. Initially, Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis was characterized as “a creative process, a flexible and fluid method”, and the analysis process was based on the interpretation skill of the researcher. However, thanks to its widespread use, all processes from the purpose of the research, the determination of the questions, the selection of the sample and the data analysis have been clearly determined in the context of the reliability criteria specific to the qualitative methods. Initially defined as a methodological approach in health psychology, it has increasingly become an approach that expands into other areas of psychology such as social, clinical, and counseling. Purpose: IPA is a relatively new branch of qualitative approaches that has become widespread in social sciences and its emphasis is on in-depth examination of the phenomenon. The main purpose of this research is to determine a framework on the basis of the literature on why and how to conduct interpretive phenomenological research. Approach: In this study, firstly, the epistemological foundations of Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis were explained and its methodological position was determined, then the stages of how an IPA research would be conducted while maintaining a phenomenological, hermeneutic and idiographic focus were explained. Then, the research questions, sample selection, gradual data analysis process and the reflexivity of the researcher were explained within the framework of the literature. Originality: It is very important to determine the methodological boundaries of a research. This study, which explains each step of the analysis in detail by considering the reliability criteria, can be an important reference for future research.

References

  • Arkonaç, S.A. (2015). Psikolojide Bilginin Eleştirel Arkaplanı. Hiperlink.
  • Elliott, S.N., Kratochwill, T.R., Littlefield Cook, J. & Travers, J. (2000). Educational psychology: Effective teaching, effective learning (3rd Ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill College.
  • Finlay, L. (2009) Ambiguous Encounters: A Relational Approach to Phenomenological Research, Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology, 9(1)1-17.
  • Finlay, L. (2011). Phenomenology for therapists: Researching the lived world. West Sussex, United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell. Fook, J. & Gardner, F. (2007). Practicing critical reflection: A resource handbook. Berkshire: Open University Press.
  • Giorgi, A. and Giorgi, B. (2003) Phenomenology. Smith J.A. (Ed.) Qualitative psychology: a practical guide to research methods içinde. London: Sage.
  • Klein, P., & Westcott, M. R. (1994). The changing character of phenomenological psychology. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 35(2), 133-158.
  • Kuş., E. (2007). Sosyal Bilim Metodolojisinde Paradigma Dönüşümü ve Psikolojide Nitel Araştırma. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 10(20), 19-41.
  • Kuş., E. (2012). Nitel-Nicel Araştırma Teknikleri. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Larkin, M. & Thompson, A.R. (2011). Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. D. Harper and A.R. Thompson (Eds.) Qualitative Research Methods in Mental Health and Psychotherapy: a guide for students and practitioners içinde (99-116). John Wiley & Sons, Oxford.
  • Larkin, M., Watts, S., & Clifton, E. (2006). Giving voice and making sense in interpretative phenomenological analysis. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 102-120.
  • McGeechan, G.J., McPherson, K.E., Roberts, K, (2018). An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experience of living with colorectal cancer as a chronic illness. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 27(15-16), 3148-3156.
  • Merleau-Ponty, M. (2005). Phenomenology of perception. London, England: Routledge.
  • Miller, R.M., Chan, C.D. and Farmer, L.B. (2018), Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: A Contemporary Qualitative Approach. Counselor Education and Supervision, 57, 240-254.
  • Narter, M. (1999). Psikoloji ve Sosyal Psikolojinin Bilimsel Gelişimi ve Bugünü. Arkonaç, S. A. (Ed.), Psikolojide yeni tartışmalar içinde. İstanbul: ALFA Yayınları.
  • Noon, E.J. (2018). Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis: An Appropriate Methodology for Educational Research? Journal of Perspectives in Applied Academic Practice, 6, 75-83.
  • Osborne, J. W. (1994). Some similarities and differences among phenomenological and other methods of psychological qualitative research. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 35(2), 167-189.
  • Pietkiewicz, I.J., & Smith, J.A. (2014). A practical guide to using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis in qualitative research psychology.
  • Popper., C. (1963). Conjectures and Refutations. The Growth of Scientific Knowledge. Routledge Classics.
  • Reid, K., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2005). Exploring lived experience. The Psychologist, 18(1), 20-23. 102-120.
  • Smith, J.A. (1996). Beyond the divide between cognition and discourse: Using interpretative phenomenological analysis in health psychology. Psychology & Health, 11(2), 261-271.
  • Smith, J.A., Jarman, M. & Osborne, M. (1999). Doing Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. M. Murray & K. Chamberlain (Eds.) Qualitative Health Psychology: Theories and Methods içinde. London: Sage.
  • Smith, J.A. (1999). Identity development during the transition to motherhood: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Journal of reproductive and infant psychology, 17(3), 281-299.
  • Smith, J. A. (2004). Reflecting on the development of interpretative phenomenological analysis and its contribution to qualitative research in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 1, 39-54.
  • Smith, J. A., & Eatough, V. (2006). Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. G. M. Breakwell, S. Hammond, C. Fife-Schaw, & J. A. Smith (Eds.), Research methods in psychology içinde (322-341). Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Smith, J.A. and Osborn, M. (2008) Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. In: Smith, J.A., Eds., Qualitative Psychology: A Practical Guide to Research Methods, Sage, London, 53-80.
  • Smith, J. A., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: Theory, Method and Research. London: Sage.
  • Smith, J. A. (2011). Evaluating the contribution of interpretative phenomenological analysis, Health Psychology Review, (5)1, 9-27.
  • Tuffour, I. (2017). A Critical Overview of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: A Contemporary Qualitative Research Approach.
  • Wertz, F. J. (2005). Phenomenological research methods for counseling psychology. Journal Counseling Psychology, 52(2), 167-177.
  • Yıldırım., A., Şimşek., H. (2013). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Social Psychology
Journal Section Review
Authors

Melike İlerisoy 0000-0001-9466-0410

Publication Date June 25, 2023
Submission Date September 19, 2022
Acceptance Date April 13, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 22 Issue: 46

Cite

APA İlerisoy, M. (2023). Yorumlayıcı Fenomenolojik Analiz. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(46), 509-527. https://doi.org/10.46928/iticusbe.1176444