Döngüsel Ekonomi Kapsamında Evsel Atıksu Arıtma Tesislerinde Fosfor Geri Kazanımı Uygulamalarına Genel Bir Bakış

Year 2022, Volume: 23 Issue: 2, 117 - 132, 30.11.2022

Ali İzzet Cengiz Hüseyin Güven Mustafa Evren Erşahin Hale Özgün İzzet Öztürk

Abstract

Güncel projeksiyon çalışmaları, insanlığın temel ihtiyacı olan ve büyük oranda tarım sektörü için gübre üretiminde kullanılan fosfora ait doğal kaynakların önümüzdeki birkaç yüzyıl içerisinde tükenebileceğini göstermektedir. Pek çok ülke fosfor ihtiyacını ithal yol ile karşılamaktadır ve tarımsal üretiminin devamlılığı için dışa bağımlıdır. Dolayısıyla ülkeler özellikle son yıllarda kendilerini bekleyen fosfor krizinin önlenmesine yönelik çeşitli adımlar atmaktadır. Günümüzde, döngüsel ekonomi, kaynak geri kazanımı odaklı atıksu arıtma tesisi (AAT) gibi konseptler, doğal kaynakların sürdürülebilir yönetiminin bir zaruret haline gelmesiyle önem kazanmıştır. Atıksular önemli miktarda fosfor ihtiva etmektedir. Bu yüzden AAT’lerde fosfor geri kazanımı sağlanarak doğal fosfor rezervlerinin sürdürülebilir yönetimine katkı sunulabilir. AAT’lerde geri kazanılan fosforlu nihai ürün, içerdiği toksik madde ve ağır metaller çevre ve insan sağlığı açısından risk teşkil etmediği müddetçe, tarım sektöründe gübre olarak değerlendirilebilir. Böylece birçok ülkenin ulusal hedefinde yer alan yeşil tarıma geçiş sürecine de katkı sunulmuş olur. AAT’lerde çamur, çamur külü, yan akımlar, arıtma çıkış suyu ve kaynağında ayrı toplanması durumunda idrar, yüksek fosfor geri kazanımı potansiyeli nedeniyle literatürde birçok farklı laboratuvar, pilot veya tam ölçekli çalışma kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada belirtilen akımlarda fosfor geri kazanımına dair yapılan araştırmalar incelenerek derlenmiş ve kapsamlı bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır.

Keywords

Atıksu arıtma tesisi, döngüsel ekonomi, fosfor, geri kazanım, gübre.

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