Research Article

Legal Maxims in Ottoman Law (Literature and Functions)

Number: 76 July 24, 2025
EN

Legal Maxims in Ottoman Law (Literature and Functions)

Abstract

The article provides a comprehensive overview of the literature and role of qawā‘id (legal maxims) in Ottoman law. It begins by categorizing qawā‘id literature into classical and Tanzimat periods. The legal maxims literature of Ottoman period began with the transmission of Ibn Nujaym’s (d. 1563) al-Ashbāh to the Ottoman centre. Later on, this literature was continued with the original works of Nāzirzāde (d. 1651) and Khādimī (d. 1762). While the classical period produced foundational works, the Tanzimat era witnessed a surge in qawā‘id literature through commentaries, translations, and independent texts. The article then delves into the influence of qawā‘id on the development of the new legal system during the Tanzimat period. Qawā‘id became central to legal education. They played a significant role in shaping the production of legal knowledge. Their impact is evident in the evolving Islamic law, modern legal writing, new maximization efforts, and political-legal debates. In the practical realm, the article examines the application of qawā‘id in both the traditional sharia courts and the newly established Ottoman Nizāmiye courts. It also explores the role of qawā‘id in the Turkish’s development as a legal language and the dissemination of legal culture to various segments of society. Overall, the article highlights the multifaceted role of qawā‘id in the Ottoman legal system, from their foundational contributions to their influence on legal education, practise, and language development.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

This article is summarized from my PhD thesis titled “Osmanlı Hukukunda Külli Kaideler (Felsefi Temelleri, Literatürü ve Tezahürleri)”. I sincerely thank my advisor Prof. Dr. Fethi Gedikli and Asst. Prof. Ali Adem Yörük.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Law in Context (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

July 24, 2025

Submission Date

August 30, 2024

Acceptance Date

July 24, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Number: 76

APA
Yılmaz, Y. (2025). Legal Maxims in Ottoman Law (Literature and Functions). Annales de la Faculté de Droit D’Istanbul, 76, 81-111. https://doi.org/10.26650/annales.2025.76.0004
AMA
1.Yılmaz Y. Legal Maxims in Ottoman Law (Literature and Functions). Annales de la Faculté de Droit d’Istanbul. 2025;(76):81-111. doi:10.26650/annales.2025.76.0004
Chicago
Yılmaz, Yasin. 2025. “Legal Maxims in Ottoman Law (Literature and Functions)”. Annales de la Faculté de Droit D’Istanbul, nos. 76: 81-111. https://doi.org/10.26650/annales.2025.76.0004.
EndNote
Yılmaz Y (July 1, 2025) Legal Maxims in Ottoman Law (Literature and Functions). Annales de la Faculté de Droit d’Istanbul 76 81–111.
IEEE
[1]Y. Yılmaz, “Legal Maxims in Ottoman Law (Literature and Functions)”, Annales de la Faculté de Droit d’Istanbul, no. 76, pp. 81–111, July 2025, doi: 10.26650/annales.2025.76.0004.
ISNAD
Yılmaz, Yasin. “Legal Maxims in Ottoman Law (Literature and Functions)”. Annales de la Faculté de Droit d’Istanbul. 76 (July 1, 2025): 81-111. https://doi.org/10.26650/annales.2025.76.0004.
JAMA
1.Yılmaz Y. Legal Maxims in Ottoman Law (Literature and Functions). Annales de la Faculté de Droit d’Istanbul. 2025;:81–111.
MLA
Yılmaz, Yasin. “Legal Maxims in Ottoman Law (Literature and Functions)”. Annales de la Faculté de Droit D’Istanbul, no. 76, July 2025, pp. 81-111, doi:10.26650/annales.2025.76.0004.
Vancouver
1.Yasin Yılmaz. Legal Maxims in Ottoman Law (Literature and Functions). Annales de la Faculté de Droit d’Istanbul. 2025 Jul. 1;(76):81-111. doi:10.26650/annales.2025.76.0004