Kuzey Levant’tan Bir Orta Paleolitik Dönem Yerleşimi: Üçağızlı II Mağarası Buluntuları

Year 2021, Issue: 24, 1 - 31, 20.09.2021

İsmail Baykara Ece Eren Kural Ayşen Açıkkol Yıldırım Mustafa Kenan Agras

https://doi.org/10.26650/anar.2021.24.972358

Abstract

Üçağızlı II Mağarası Hatay İli’nin Akdeniz kıyısında yer alan Orta Paleolitik Dönem’e ait bir yerleşim alanıdır. Mağara, kısmen yıkılmıştır ve uranyum serisi yöntemi ile 75,000 ile 42,000 yıl öncesine tarihlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Üçağızlı II Mağarası 2020 yılı kazı çalışmalarında Büst tabakasından elde edilen faunal kalıntılar ve yontmataş endüstrisi incelenmiştir. Büst tabakasında Akdeniz’in tipik faunal kalıntıları saptanmış, yumuşakça örneklerinde ise ilk defa süslenme kalıntıları tespit edilmiştir. Yontmataş buluntular ise Levallois endüstrisiyle karakterizedir ve yonga ağırlıklı bir üretim belirlenmiştir. Yontmataş endüstri grubunda tek kutuplu Levallois çekirdekler, Mousterian ve Levallois uçlar ile kenar kazıyıcılar belirgindir. Bu özellikler Büst tabakasından elde edilen yontmataş endüstrisinin Levant Orta Paleolitik kültürü içerisinde yer aldığını ve bu kültürün “Tabun C tip” endüstrisine benzediğini göstermektedir. Bu durum Üst Pleistosen Dönem'de Levant’ın kuzeyine doğru bir yayılımı göstermektedir.

Keywords

Orta Paleolitik, Hatay, Levant, Levallois, Fauna Kalıntıları

Supporting Institution

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı

Project Number

CK13103-2020

Thanks

Kazı çalışmalarında bizlere her türlü desteklerinden dolayı Kültür Varlıkları ve Müzeler Genel Müdürlüğü çalışanlarına, Hatay Arkeoloji Müzesi çalışanlarına, değerli heyet üyelerimize ve kazıların başından beri manevi desteğini esirgemeyen sevgili hocamız Prof. Dr. Erksin GÜLEÇ’e teşekkür ederiz.

A Middle Paleolithic Settlement from the Northern Levant: The Finds of Üçağızlı II Cave

Abstract

Üçağızlı II Cave, a Middle Paleolithic site on the Mediterranean coast of Hatay Province, Turkey, is partly collapsed and, based on uranium series dates, is dated between 75,000 and 42,000 BP. This paper examined faunal remains and lithic assemblages from layer Bu (B-upper), obtained during the 2020 excavation season. In layer Bu, typical faunal remains of the Mediterranean have been identified, and for the first time, ornamentation samples have been found in mollusk remains. Lithic assemblages are characterized by Levallois industry, and flake-based production has been determined. Additionally, unipolar Levallois core, Mousterian, and Levallois points and sidescrapers dominate the lithic assemblages. These features indicate that stone tools from layer Bu belong to the Levantine Middle Paleolithic culture and resemble “Tabun C type” industry. This situation shows human dispersal to the northern Levant during the Upper Pleistocene.

Keywords

Middle Paleolithic, Hatay, Levant, Levallois, Faunal Remains

Project Number

CK13103-2020

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