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HALKA ÖNDERLİK EDEN ÖZGÜRLÜK: ALEGORİ, EDEBİYAT VE GERÇEKLİK

Year 2018, Issue: 9, 121 - 142, 12.12.2018

Abstract

Fransız Romantik sanatçı Eugéne Delacroix'nın (1798-1863) Halka Önderlik Eden Özgürlük adlı yapıtı alegori ve gerçekliğin bir arada sunulduğu bir resimdir. Aynı zamanda edebiyat ile de bağlantılı bir yapıttır. Bu çalışmada resimdeki figürler tek tek ele alınarak alegori, gerçeklik ve edebiyat ile bağlantıları saptanmaya çalışılmıştır. Resim, 1830 yılında gerçekleşen Temmuz Devrimi'nin Paris'te Hotel de Ville çevresinde en şiddetli çatışmaların yaşandığı günü gösterir. Ancak bu resimden söz eden tüm kaynaklar bu resmin bir alegori olduğunu belirtirler. Bunun nedeni elinde özgür Fransa'nın bayrağı ile ilerleyen Özgürlük figürüdür.  Bu figürde 1789 devriminin özgürlük tanrıçası, Barbieri'nin La Curée adlı şiirindeki güçlü kadın imgesi, devrimci Anne-Charlotte hepsi bir aradadır. Resimdeki burjuva sınıfını temsil eden silindir şapkalı figürün kimliği için sanatçının kendisi ya da bir yazar ve politikacı olan Etienne Arago gibi adlar önerilmişse de  bu figür aslında Barbieri'nin şiirinde belirttiği gibi çatışmalar sırasında korkuyla saklanan burjuva sınıfını değil, çalışan kesimi alegorize etmektedir. Resimdeki sokak çocuğu figürü de 1830 devrimine gerçekten katılan çocukları temsil ettiği gibi, edebiyata da esin kaynağı olmuş, Victor Hugo (18021885)  onu Sefiller romanında Gavroche adıyla ölümsüzleştirmiştir. 

References

  • Abrash 1975. "Use and Misuse of Historical Art", The History Teacher, 8 (4): 557-572.
  • Bellos 1998. "In the Mind's Eye:The Meanings of Liberty guiding the People", The Process of Art: Essays on Nineteenth-Century French Literature, Music and Painting in Honour of Alain Raitt, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 11-14.
  • Bennet 2011. "Reconsiderations Baudelaire's dark mirror", The New Criterion, 39-41.
  • Burke 2001. Eyewitnessing:The Uses of Images as Historical Evidence, New York, Cornell University Press Damisch-Miller 1980. "Reading Delacroix's "Journal"", October, 15: 16-39.
  • De Baecque 1994. "The Allegorical Image of France, 1750-1800: A Political Crisis of Representation", Representations, Special Issue:National Cultures before Nationalism, 47: 111-143.
  • Erhat 1978. Mitoloji Sözlüğü, İstanbul, Remzi Kitabevi Gautier 1975. Romantizmin Tarihi, Çev. Necdet Bingöl, İstanbul, Milli Eğitim Basımevi Gaxotte 1962. Fransız İhtilali Tarihi, Çev. S. Tiryakioğlu, İstanbul, Varlık Yayınları
  • Goldsworthy 2006. Caesar Life of A Colossus, New Haven, Yale University Press
  • Gombrich 1979. "The Dream of Reason: Symbolism of The French Revolution", Journal for Eighteenth Century Studies, 2 (3): 187-205.
  • Harden 1995. "Liberty Caps and Liberty Trees", Past &Present, 146: 66-102.
  • Hadjinicolau 1979. "La liberté guidant le peuple" de Delacroix devant son premier public", Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales, 28: 3-26.
  • Head 2006. "Beethoven Heroine: A Female Allegory of Music and Authorship in Egmont", 19th-Century Music, 30 (2): 97-132
  • Lee 2004. "Liberty Leading The People", Encyclopedia of Romantic Era 1760-1850, Ed. Christopher Murray, Fitzroy Dearborn, 2: 678-679.
  • Mainardi 1985. "The Political Origins of Modernism", Art Journal, 45, (1): 11-17
  • Mourre-Dominique 1974. İhtilaller ve Darbeler Tarihi, İstanbul, Cem Yayınevi.
  • Pelles 1962. "The Image of Artist", The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 21 (2): 119137
  • Pinkney 1964. "The Crowd in the French Revolution of 1830", The American Historical Review, 70 (1): 1-17
  • Pointon 1986. "Liberty on the Barricades: Politics, Power and the Erotic in Delacroix", S. Reynolds, ed., Women, State and Revolution in Europe 1790-1986, Harvester Press, 25-43.
  • Rose 1989. Marx's Lost Aesthetic: Karl Marx and the Visual Arts, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • Sharp 1895. Heine in Art and Letters, London, Walter Scott Ltd.
  • Shilliam 1993. "Cocardes Nationales and Bonnets Rouges": Symbolic Headdresses of the French Revolution", Journal of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 5: 104-131
  • Tükel 2005. "David ve Delacroix:"Devrimin Görsel Yapısı"", Arredamento Mimarlık, 4: 100102

LIBERTY LEADING THE PEOPLE: ALLEGORY, LITERATURE AND REALITY

Year 2018, Issue: 9, 121 - 142, 12.12.2018

Abstract

Liberty Leading the People of French Romantic artist Eugéne Delacroix (1798-1863) presents allegory and reality together. It is also related to literature. In this study, the figures in the painting were examined one by one to try to find links with allegory, reality and literature. This painting shows the day of the July Revolution of 1830, when the most violent conflict took place in Paris around the Hotel de Ville. However all the sources referring to this painting indicate that this image is an allegory. The reason for that is the figure of Liberty leading with the flag of France. In this figure, the goddess of Liberty of the 1789 revolution, the powerful female image of Barbieri's poem La Curée and  the revolutionary Anne-Charlotte are all together. Although different identities -like the artist himself or Etienne Arago,a writer and politician-, were suggested for the figure with a top hat representing the bourgeois class in the painting, this figure allegorizes working class, not the bourgeois class hiding in fear during the conflicts, as in Barbieri's poem. Also, the figure of the street child in the painting represents the children who have really participated in the 1830 revolution and even became a source of inspiration for literary work. Victor Hugo (1802-1885) immortalized him in the novel of Les Miserables in the name of Gavroche. 

References

  • Abrash 1975. "Use and Misuse of Historical Art", The History Teacher, 8 (4): 557-572.
  • Bellos 1998. "In the Mind's Eye:The Meanings of Liberty guiding the People", The Process of Art: Essays on Nineteenth-Century French Literature, Music and Painting in Honour of Alain Raitt, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 11-14.
  • Bennet 2011. "Reconsiderations Baudelaire's dark mirror", The New Criterion, 39-41.
  • Burke 2001. Eyewitnessing:The Uses of Images as Historical Evidence, New York, Cornell University Press Damisch-Miller 1980. "Reading Delacroix's "Journal"", October, 15: 16-39.
  • De Baecque 1994. "The Allegorical Image of France, 1750-1800: A Political Crisis of Representation", Representations, Special Issue:National Cultures before Nationalism, 47: 111-143.
  • Erhat 1978. Mitoloji Sözlüğü, İstanbul, Remzi Kitabevi Gautier 1975. Romantizmin Tarihi, Çev. Necdet Bingöl, İstanbul, Milli Eğitim Basımevi Gaxotte 1962. Fransız İhtilali Tarihi, Çev. S. Tiryakioğlu, İstanbul, Varlık Yayınları
  • Goldsworthy 2006. Caesar Life of A Colossus, New Haven, Yale University Press
  • Gombrich 1979. "The Dream of Reason: Symbolism of The French Revolution", Journal for Eighteenth Century Studies, 2 (3): 187-205.
  • Harden 1995. "Liberty Caps and Liberty Trees", Past &Present, 146: 66-102.
  • Hadjinicolau 1979. "La liberté guidant le peuple" de Delacroix devant son premier public", Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales, 28: 3-26.
  • Head 2006. "Beethoven Heroine: A Female Allegory of Music and Authorship in Egmont", 19th-Century Music, 30 (2): 97-132
  • Lee 2004. "Liberty Leading The People", Encyclopedia of Romantic Era 1760-1850, Ed. Christopher Murray, Fitzroy Dearborn, 2: 678-679.
  • Mainardi 1985. "The Political Origins of Modernism", Art Journal, 45, (1): 11-17
  • Mourre-Dominique 1974. İhtilaller ve Darbeler Tarihi, İstanbul, Cem Yayınevi.
  • Pelles 1962. "The Image of Artist", The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 21 (2): 119137
  • Pinkney 1964. "The Crowd in the French Revolution of 1830", The American Historical Review, 70 (1): 1-17
  • Pointon 1986. "Liberty on the Barricades: Politics, Power and the Erotic in Delacroix", S. Reynolds, ed., Women, State and Revolution in Europe 1790-1986, Harvester Press, 25-43.
  • Rose 1989. Marx's Lost Aesthetic: Karl Marx and the Visual Arts, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • Sharp 1895. Heine in Art and Letters, London, Walter Scott Ltd.
  • Shilliam 1993. "Cocardes Nationales and Bonnets Rouges": Symbolic Headdresses of the French Revolution", Journal of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 5: 104-131
  • Tükel 2005. "David ve Delacroix:"Devrimin Görsel Yapısı"", Arredamento Mimarlık, 4: 100102
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section MAKALELER/ARTICLES
Authors

SİMGE ÖZER Pınarbaşı

Publication Date December 12, 2018
Submission Date December 12, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Issue: 9

Cite

Chicago Pınarbaşı, SİMGE ÖZER. “HALKA ÖNDERLİK EDEN ÖZGÜRLÜK: ALEGORİ, EDEBİYAT VE GERÇEKLİK”. Art-Sanat Dergisi, no. 9 (December 2018): 121-42.