The purpose of this article is to explain art and science through society and culture. According to George Freidman, natural environment is an environment in which humans live within nature and get affected by its motions. This environment has not been transformed and controlled by humans yet. According to his view, the environment in which today’s industrial societies live is an artificial environment that is encompassed by deviced produced by scientific people. In technologically developed societies new thoughts, reform movements and fashion develop and expand in city centres. Florence in Italy and Paris in France are such cities. Medici family is a rich and noble investors of Florence. They finance wars, do banking, support art and artists. Most importantly they patron the lodges of science people. Therefore they are informed about the innovations first. A destroyer with swords made by Leonardo da Vinci for war presented to ther Medicis. Keppler’s knowledge about world’s orbit inspired Bramante’s oval domes. First train stations were built in big cities. European painter Claude Monet made an oil painting of St. Lazare Train Station in 1877. In England, where Industrial Revolution was made, William Turner painted Temier Battleship in 1840 while it was being taken into the harbour. The name of the painting he made in 1844 is Rain, Steam and Speed. The common things between Turner’s paintings are that they Show new inventions of technology. These objects are steam locomotive and steam ship. These figures were used in a painting for the first time. The best school that shows the impacts of technology on art and art education is Bauhaus. As we know, this institute tried to produce and market art and fabricated products through using the opportunities of technology. This institute aimed to produce atristic products for the industry. It was impossible for them to succeed without porcelain factories. Today the use of communication devices, the effort to involve art into life impel people to search art in life. The desire of each person is to realize and deal with art and create opportunities through means of technology and this reflects a new consciousness that goes beyond the traditional concepts of art work and the audiance.
ÖZET
Makalenin araştırmayı amaçladığı konu toplumun kültürü üzerinden sanat ve bilimi açıklamaktır. George Freidman’a göre doğal ortam, insanın doğa ile iç içe yaşadığı, onun çeşitli hareketlerinden etkilendiği ortamdır. Bu ortam insan tarafından henüz tamamen dönüşüme uğratılıp denetim altına alınamamıştır. Onun görüşüne göre günümüz endüstri toplumlarının içinde yaşadığı ortam doğal ortamdan çok farklı bilimsel insan tarafından üretilen aletlerle çevrelenmiş yapay bir ortamdır. Teknoloji açısından ileri toplumlarda yeni düşünceler, yeni buluşlar, reform hareketleri ve moda hareketler hep şehir merkezlerinde gelişmekte ve buradan yayılmaktadır. İtalya’da Floransa ve Fransa’da Paris böyle yerlerdir.
Medici ailesi Floransa şehrinin zengin, asil ve sermayedarlarıdır. Savaşı finanse ederler, bankerlik yaparlar sanatı ve sanatçıyı destekler. En önemlisi de zamanın bilim adamlarının bulunduğu loncaları himaye ederlerdi. Dolayısı ile bütün yenilikler öncelikle bu aileye getirilirdi. Savaş için tasarlanmış zamanın kılıçlı destroyeri diyebileceğimiz araç Leonardo da Vinci tarafından Medici ailesine sunulmuştur. Keppler’in dünyanın yörüngesi hakkındaki bilgisi bize İtalyan mimar Bramante’nin oval kubbelerinin oluşmasına ilham kaynağı olmuştur. İlk tren istasyonlarının büyük şehirde oluşturulmuştur. Biz Avrupalı ressam Claude Monet’in fırçasından1877 yılında tuval üzerine yağlıboya yapılan St. Lazare Tren Garını resmetmiştir. Sanayi Devrimini gerçekleştiren İngiltere’de bir ressam William Turner 1840 yılında ortaya koyduğu tablonun adı Rıhtıma Çekilmek için götürülen Savaşçı Temier Zırhlısıdır. 1844 yılında tuval üzerine yaptığı tablosunun konusu Yağmur, Buhar ve Hızdır. Turner’in bahsi geçen bu iki tablosunun ortak özelliği her ikisinin de teknolojinin yeni icadının figürlerini izleyene göstermesidir. Bu nesneler buharlı lokomotif ve bularlı gemidir. Bu figürler ilk kez bir tabloda kullanılmaktadır.
Teknolojinin sanat ve sanat eğitimine etki edişini en güzel anlatan kurum Alman Bauhaus ekolüdür. Bilindiği gibi bu kurumda teknolojinin imkanları kullanılarak ideal sanat ürünleri ve modern anlamda çağdaş endüstriyel ürünlerin üretim pazarlanması sanat/fabrika üretimi gerçekleştirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu kurum sanayi için sanatsal ürünler yetiştirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Porselen fabrikaları olmaksızın bu kurumun başarılı olması imkansızdır.
Günümüz dünyasında iletişim araçlarının etkin biçimde kullanımı, sanatı yaşamın içine sokma çabası, insanı yaşamın içinde sanatı bulmaya itmektedir. Bugün teknolojinin imkanları doğrultusunda her insanın sanatla ilgilenebilme ve sanatın farkına varma olanaklar yaratma istekleri, geleneksel anlamda sanat yapıtı ve izleyici kavramını aşan yeni bir bilinci yansıtmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Sanat tarihi, teknoloji, endüstri, sanat ve bilim, kültür ve toplum.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this article is to explain art and science through society and culture. According to George Freidman, natural environment is an environment in which humans live within nature and get affected by its motions. This environment has not been transformed and controlled by humans yet. According to his view, the environment in which today’s industrial societies live is an artificial environment that is encompassed by deviced produced by scientific people.
In technologically developed societies new thoughts, reform movements and fashion develop and expand in city centres. Florence in Italy and Paris in France are such cities.
Medici family is a rich and noble investors of Florence. They finance wars, do banking, support art and artists. Most importantly they patron the lodges of science people. Therefore they are informed about the innovations first. A destroyer with swords made by Leonardo da Vinci for war presented to ther Medicis. Keppler’s knowledge about world’s orbit inspired Bramante’s oval domes. First train stations were built in big cities. European painter Claude Monet made an oil painting of St. Lazare Train Station in 1877. In England, where Industrial Revolution was made, William Turner painted Temier Battleship in 1840 while it was being taken into the harbour. The name of the painting he made in 1844 is Rain, Steam and Speed. The common things between Turner’s paintings are that they Show new inventions of technology. These objects are steam locomotive and steam ship. These figures were used in a painting for the first time.
The best school that shows the impacts of technology on art and art education is Bauhaus. As we know, this institute tried to produce and market art and fabricated products through using the opportunities of technology. This institute aimed to produce atristic products for the industry. It was impossible for them to succeed without porcelain factories.
Today the use of communication devices, the effort to involve art into life impel people to search art in life. The desire of each person is to realize and deal with art and create opportunities through means of technology and this reflects a new consciousness that goes beyond the traditional concepts of art work and the audiance.
Key Words: Art history, technology, industry, art and science, culture and society.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Journal Section | SANAT TARİHİ-MAKALELER/HISTORY OF ART-ARTICLES |
Authors | |
Publication Date | July 20, 2014 |
Submission Date | July 20, 2014 |
Published in Issue | Year 2014 Issue: 2 |