Çevresel Tasarım Aracılığıyla Suçun Önlenmesi Teorisinin Dışa Kapalı Konut Yerleşim Örneğinde İncelemesi

Abstract

Bu araştırma Ankara, Çankaya’da yer alan, dışa kapalı site Örneği olan Mesa Yonca Evler Sitesi’ni, Çevresel Tasarım Aracılığıyla Suçun Önlenme Teorisi (CPTED) bağlamında değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Çalışmada, CPTED’in beş temel ilkesi esas alınarak; Bölgesellik, Gözetim, Erişim Kontrolü, Etkinlik Desteği ve İmaj/Bakım/Yönetim ilkeleri incelenmiştir. Bu ilkeler, kriminoloji disiplini ile doğrudan ilişkilendirilmiş ve suçun mekânsal, çevresel unsurlarla önlenebileceği savına dayandırılmıştır. Bu çalışma, nitel araştırma yöntemi bağlamında değerlendirilmiş, saha gözlemi ve mekânsal analizi içermiştir. Böylelikle, site giriş-çıkışları, ortak alanlar, otopark ve çevresel düzenleme unsurları incelenmiştir. Literatürde doğrudan yer almayan, ancak CPTED kriterlerinden türetilmiş ve literatürde doğrudan bir örneği bulunmayan gözlem setine çalışmada yer verilmiştir. Bu set, araştırmacıların oluşturduğu bir form aracılığıyla beş temel ilkenin değerlendirilmesini sağlayacak şekilde yapılandırılmıştır. Gözlem formu, literatüre dayalı olarak temellendirilmiştir. Ancak standartlaştırılmış bir ölçek olmaması, çalışmanın sınırlılığı olarak belirtile bilir. Çalışmada doğal ve yapay gözetim olanakları, mevcut durumda yer alan gözetleme teknolojileri, erişim kontrolü ve aydınlatmaya bağlı güvenlik unsurlarının bütünün, yapısal bir değerlendirmeyle suç önleme teorisine olan katkısı araştırılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları arasında, CPTED prensipleri ile düzenlenmiş yapılı çevrenin hem fiziksel suç önleme hem de bireysel güvenlik algısı ve suç korkusunun azalması üzerinde olumlu etki gösterdiği gözlemlenmiştir. CPTED teorisi, suçun mekânsal ve çevresel unsurlarla ilişkilendirilmesi bakımından çevresel kriminoloji alanının önemli bir inceleme başlığı olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, güncel literatürle karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınan örnek inceleme, gelecekteki çalışmalar için uygulamaya dönük bir kaynak oluşturmuştur.

Keywords

• Çevresel Tasarım Aracılığıyla Suçun Önlenmesi
• Dışa Kapalı Konut Yerleşimi
• Mekânsal Tasarım

Examination of the Theory of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design in a Closed Residentıal Settlement

Abstract

This research evaluates the closed residential settlement, the Mesa Yonca Evler Site in Ankara, Çankaya, within the Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) theory context. The study is based on the five core prin ciples of CPTED: territoriality, surveillance, access control, activity support, and image/maintenance/management, which were analyzed in the context of a closed residential settlement. This research used a qualitative methodology, incorporating field observations and spatial analysis. The study examined site entrances, exits, common areas, parking lots, and environmental design elements. A unique observation set, not found in the literature, was developed based on the CPTED criteria, and this form was evaluated according to the five key principles. This study explored natural and mechanical surveillance opportunities, existing surveillance technologies, access control, and lighting-based security elements, assessing their contribution to crime prevention theory through structural analysis. The findings indicate that the built environment designed in line with CPTED principles contributes to reducing the fear of crime and enhances the perception of security. The Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) theory is considered an essential area of study within criminology, as it relates crime to spatial and environmental elements. In this context, the case study and its results were evaluated against the existing literature, providing a foundation for future research.

Keywords

• Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
• Enclosed Residential Area
• Spatial Design

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