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Variations in Temperature Extremes in Turkey

Year 2017, Issue: 35, 41 - 54, 24.11.2017

Abstract

The study area is located between 36° to 42° N and 26° to 45° E. In this study, we have used the data that has been provided by the Turkish State Meteorological Service (TSMS), including the daily minimum, maximum, and average temperatures that were recorded at 156 meteorological stations. Daily data are converted into monthly and seasonal data to explain the descriptive statistics during winter and summer. Datasets that are used to determine temperature extremities comprise daily and original data.
This study aims to understand the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of extreme summer and winter temperatures in Turkey. The Kruskal–Wallis (K–W) test is performed to determine whether any significant changes in the temperature data are observed. The Mann–Kendall (M–K) order correlation coefficient method is performed to understand the nature and magnitude of the variability in data. According to K–W test statistics, a statistically significant inhomogeneity is observed, particularly during summer at all stations at most of the temperatures. Furthermore, according to the M–K test statistics, a statistically significant increase in temperature extremes (i.e., during summer days, tropical nights, and extreme temperature range) is observed throughout Turkey.

References

  • Acar Deniz, Z., Gönençgil, B. 2015. “Trends of summer daily maximum temperature extremes in Turkey”, Physical Geography, 36(4), 268–281.
  • Acar Deniz, Z., Gönençgil, B. 2013. “Ekstrem Sıcak Yıl: 2010 Ve Türkiye Yaz Dolaşımına Etkileri”, III. Türkiye İklim Değişikliği Kongresi, İstanbul, Türkiye, 3-5 Haziran 2013, ss.453-461.
  • Alexander, LV., Zhang, X., Peterson TC., Caeser, J., Gleason, B., Klein Tank, AMG., Haylock, M., Collins, D., Trewin, B., Rahimzadeg, F., Tagipour, A., Rupa Kumar, K., Revadekar, J., Griffiths, G., Vincent, L., Stephenson, DB., Burn, J., Aguilar, E., Brunet, M., Taylor, M., New, M., Zhai, P., Rusticucci, M., Vazquez-Aguirre, JL. 2006. “Global observed changes in daily climate extremes of temperature and precipitation”, Journal of Geophysical Research, 111:D05109, doi:10.1029/2005JD006290.
  • Erinç, S. 1996. Klimatoloji ve Metodları, Yayın no: 276, Coğ. Dizi no:1, Alfa Basım Yayım Dağıtım, İstanbul. ISBN: 975-8052-28-4.
  • Erol, O. 1999. Genel Klimatoloji (5. Baskı), Çantay Kitabevi, İstanbul. ISBN:975-7206-31-8.
  • Fernández-Montes S, Rodrigo F.S. 2012. Trends in seasonal indices of daily temperature extremes in the Iberian Peninsula, 1929-2005. Int J Climatol 32(15):2320–2332. doi:10.1002/joc.3399.
  • Frich, P., Alexander, L.V., Della-Marta, P., Gleason, B., HaylocK, M., Klein Tank, A. M. G., Peterson T. 2002. Observed coherent changes in climatic extremes during the second half of the twentieth century, Clim.Res., 19, 193–212.
  • Gönençgil, B. 2008. Doğal Süreçler Açısından İklim Değişikliği ve İnsan, Çantay Yayınevi, ISBN: 978-975-9060-50-3.
  • IPCC. 2007. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, ed: Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York.
  • IPCC. 2012. Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, ed: Field, C.B., V. Barros, T.F. Stocker, D. Qin, D.J. Dokken, K.L. Ebi, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, G.-K. Plattner, S.K. Allen, M. Tignor, and P.M. Midgley, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA, (2012), Pp:582.
  • Kendall, M.G. 1975. Rank Correlation Methods, Charles Griffin, Oxford, England London, Pp:199.
  • Klein Tank, A.M.G., Können, G.P., 2003.Trends in Indices of Daily Temperature and Precipitation Extremes in Europe 1946-1999. Journal of Climate, 16, 3665-3680.
  • Luterbacher J, Dietrich D, Xoplaki E, Grosjean M, Wanner H (2004) European seasonal and annual temperature variability, trends, and extremes since 1500. Nature 303:1499–1503.
  • Mann, H.B. 1945. Non-Parametric Test Against Trend, Econometrika, 13, 245-259.
  • Merino, A., Martin, M.L., Fernandez-Gonzalez, S., Sanchez, J.L., Valero, F. 2017. Extreme maximum temperature events and their relationships withlarge-scalemodes:potential hazard onthe Iberian Peninsula. Theorical Applied Climatology, DOI 10.1007/s00704-017-2203-9.
  • WMO, 2016. WMO Statement on the status of the global climate in 2015. WMO-No. 1167. World Meteorological Organization.

Türkiye Sıcaklık Ekstremlerindeki Değişkenlikler

Year 2017, Issue: 35, 41 - 54, 24.11.2017

Abstract

Çalışma alanı 36°-42° Kuzey enlemleri ile 26°-45° Doğu boylamları arasında yer alır. Çalışmada kullanılan sıcaklık verileri, Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü (MGM) tarafından sağlanmıştır. Veriler, 156 istasyona ait günlük minimum, maksimum ve ortalama sıcaklıklardan oluşmaktadır. Günlük veriler, kış ve yaz dönemindeki tanımlayıcı istatistikleri açıklamak için aylık verilere ve mevsimlik verilere dönüştürülmüştür. Sıcaklıklardaki ekstrem olayların belirlenebilmesi için kullanılan veri setleri günlük ve orijinal verilerden oluşmaktadır.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin yaz ve kış mevsimlerindeki ekstrem sıcaklıkların alansal ve zamansal dağılış desenlerini anlamaktır. Sıcaklık verilerinde herhangi bir önemli değişikliğin olup olmadığına karar vermek için Kruskal-Wallis (K-W) sınaması uygulanmıştır. Verilerdeki değişkenliğin doğası ve büyüklüğünü anlamak için Mann-Kendall (M-K) sıra ilişki katsayısı yöntemi kullanıldı. Sıcaklık verilerine uygulanan Kruskal-Wallis test istatistiğine göre, istasyonların çoğunda yaz mevsiminde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı inhomojenlik gözlenmiştir.
M-K test istatistiğine göre, Türkiye genelinde sıcaklık ekstremlerinde (yaz günü, tropikal gece, ekstrem sıcaklık aralığı vb.) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir artış bulunur.

References

  • Acar Deniz, Z., Gönençgil, B. 2015. “Trends of summer daily maximum temperature extremes in Turkey”, Physical Geography, 36(4), 268–281.
  • Acar Deniz, Z., Gönençgil, B. 2013. “Ekstrem Sıcak Yıl: 2010 Ve Türkiye Yaz Dolaşımına Etkileri”, III. Türkiye İklim Değişikliği Kongresi, İstanbul, Türkiye, 3-5 Haziran 2013, ss.453-461.
  • Alexander, LV., Zhang, X., Peterson TC., Caeser, J., Gleason, B., Klein Tank, AMG., Haylock, M., Collins, D., Trewin, B., Rahimzadeg, F., Tagipour, A., Rupa Kumar, K., Revadekar, J., Griffiths, G., Vincent, L., Stephenson, DB., Burn, J., Aguilar, E., Brunet, M., Taylor, M., New, M., Zhai, P., Rusticucci, M., Vazquez-Aguirre, JL. 2006. “Global observed changes in daily climate extremes of temperature and precipitation”, Journal of Geophysical Research, 111:D05109, doi:10.1029/2005JD006290.
  • Erinç, S. 1996. Klimatoloji ve Metodları, Yayın no: 276, Coğ. Dizi no:1, Alfa Basım Yayım Dağıtım, İstanbul. ISBN: 975-8052-28-4.
  • Erol, O. 1999. Genel Klimatoloji (5. Baskı), Çantay Kitabevi, İstanbul. ISBN:975-7206-31-8.
  • Fernández-Montes S, Rodrigo F.S. 2012. Trends in seasonal indices of daily temperature extremes in the Iberian Peninsula, 1929-2005. Int J Climatol 32(15):2320–2332. doi:10.1002/joc.3399.
  • Frich, P., Alexander, L.V., Della-Marta, P., Gleason, B., HaylocK, M., Klein Tank, A. M. G., Peterson T. 2002. Observed coherent changes in climatic extremes during the second half of the twentieth century, Clim.Res., 19, 193–212.
  • Gönençgil, B. 2008. Doğal Süreçler Açısından İklim Değişikliği ve İnsan, Çantay Yayınevi, ISBN: 978-975-9060-50-3.
  • IPCC. 2007. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, ed: Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York.
  • IPCC. 2012. Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, ed: Field, C.B., V. Barros, T.F. Stocker, D. Qin, D.J. Dokken, K.L. Ebi, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, G.-K. Plattner, S.K. Allen, M. Tignor, and P.M. Midgley, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA, (2012), Pp:582.
  • Kendall, M.G. 1975. Rank Correlation Methods, Charles Griffin, Oxford, England London, Pp:199.
  • Klein Tank, A.M.G., Können, G.P., 2003.Trends in Indices of Daily Temperature and Precipitation Extremes in Europe 1946-1999. Journal of Climate, 16, 3665-3680.
  • Luterbacher J, Dietrich D, Xoplaki E, Grosjean M, Wanner H (2004) European seasonal and annual temperature variability, trends, and extremes since 1500. Nature 303:1499–1503.
  • Mann, H.B. 1945. Non-Parametric Test Against Trend, Econometrika, 13, 245-259.
  • Merino, A., Martin, M.L., Fernandez-Gonzalez, S., Sanchez, J.L., Valero, F. 2017. Extreme maximum temperature events and their relationships withlarge-scalemodes:potential hazard onthe Iberian Peninsula. Theorical Applied Climatology, DOI 10.1007/s00704-017-2203-9.
  • WMO, 2016. WMO Statement on the status of the global climate in 2015. WMO-No. 1167. World Meteorological Organization.
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Zahide Acar Deniz

Barbaros Gönençgil

Publication Date November 24, 2017
Submission Date October 27, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Issue: 35

Cite

APA Acar Deniz, Z., & Gönençgil, B. (2017). Variations in Temperature Extremes in Turkey. Journal of Geography(35), 41-54.
AMA Acar Deniz Z, Gönençgil B. Variations in Temperature Extremes in Turkey. Journal of Geography. November 2017;(35):41-54.
Chicago Acar Deniz, Zahide, and Barbaros Gönençgil. “Variations in Temperature Extremes in Turkey”. Journal of Geography, no. 35 (November 2017): 41-54.
EndNote Acar Deniz Z, Gönençgil B (November 1, 2017) Variations in Temperature Extremes in Turkey. Journal of Geography 35 41–54.
IEEE Z. Acar Deniz and B. Gönençgil, “Variations in Temperature Extremes in Turkey”, Journal of Geography, no. 35, pp. 41–54, November 2017.
ISNAD Acar Deniz, Zahide - Gönençgil, Barbaros. “Variations in Temperature Extremes in Turkey”. Journal of Geography 35 (November 2017), 41-54.
JAMA Acar Deniz Z, Gönençgil B. Variations in Temperature Extremes in Turkey. Journal of Geography. 2017;:41–54.
MLA Acar Deniz, Zahide and Barbaros Gönençgil. “Variations in Temperature Extremes in Turkey”. Journal of Geography, no. 35, 2017, pp. 41-54.
Vancouver Acar Deniz Z, Gönençgil B. Variations in Temperature Extremes in Turkey. Journal of Geography. 2017(35):41-54.