Research Article
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A Study on the Fear of Crime in Women in the Urban Area

Year 2020, Issue: 41, 45 - 60, 30.12.2020

Kadir Temurçin Mahinur Kılıç Yolcu Aldırmaz

Abstract

Crime and its consequences, which are becoming visible in the urban space, generate apprehension and a sense of fear in the individual’s world. Fear of crime affects all segments of society in different ways, but it’s observed especially in women and its results cause more visible measures/reactions in people’s lives. The reason for this fear situation is analysed by social analysis, the physical environment in which the people live in the background is also thought to be effective. The fears of crime experienced by women in Bağlar, a neighbourhood of the city of Isparta, were investigated together with their spatiality. A case study was selected from the qualitative research patterns, interviews were conducted with the random sampling method, and the findings obtained in the interview were evaluated together with the physical elements of the city. The first emphasizes that spatial irregularities are effective in the formation of fear of crime or the feeling of fear, and in the second, social issues and deterioration in the social environment have an important role in interpreting the fear of crime at the social level. Feelings of fear or safety in women is explained with both the physical and the social appearance of the neighbourhood.

Keywords

Crime fear of crime urban space

References

  • Ahmed, S. (2017). Duyguların kültürel politikası. Çev. Sultan Komut,2. Baskı, Sel Yayıncılık: İstanbul.
  • Balkin, S. (1979). Victimisation rates, safety and fear of crime. Social Problems, 26, 343–358.
  • Bernard, Y. (1992). North American and european research on fear of crime. Applied Psychology: An Internanonal Review, 41, 65–75.
  • Block, R. L. ve Block, C. R. (1995). Space, place and crime: hot spot areas and hot places of liquor related crime. Criminal Justice Press: USA.
  • Box, S., Hale, C. ve Andrews, C. (1988). Explaining fear of crime. The British Journal of Criminology, 28(3), 340–356.
  • Brantingham, P. L. ve Brantingham, P. J. (1995). Criminality of place: crime generators and crime attractors. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 3, 5–26.
  • Bryman, A. (2007). Barriers to integrating quantitative and qualitative research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(1), 8–22.
  • Condon, S., Lieber, M., Maillochon, F. (2007). Feeling unsafe in public places: understanding women’s fears. Revue Française de Sociologie, 5(48), 101–128.
  • Covington, J. ve Taylor, R. B. (1991). Fear of crime in urban residential neighbourhoods: implications between-and within-neighbourhood sources for current models. The Sociological Quarterly, 32 (2), 231–249.
  • Demirel, G. (2017). Ötekinin korkusu: Haber bültenlerinde Türkiye’deki Suriyeliler. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(60), 503–514.
  • Dobbs, R. R., Waid, C. A. ve Shelley, T. O. (2009). Explaining fear of crime as fear of rape among college females: an examination of multiple campuses in the united states. International Journal of Social Inquiry, 2(2), 105–122.
  • Eve, R. A. ve Eve, S. B. (1984). The effects of powerlessness, fear of social change and social integration on fear of crime among the elderly. Victimology, 9, 290–295.
  • Farrall, S., Bannister, J., Ditton, J. ve Gilchrist, E. (2000). Social psychology and the fear of crime: Re-examining a speculative model. The British Journal of Criminology, 40(3), 399–413.
  • Ferraro, K. F. ve LaGrange, R. (1987). The measurement of fear of crime. Sociological Review, 57, 70–101.
  • Ferraro, K. F. (1995). Fear of crime: Interpreting victimization risk. SUNY Press: New York.
  • Furedi, F. (2017). Korku kültürü: Risk almamanın riskleri. 3. Baskı, Çev. B. Yıldırım, Ayrıntı Yayınları: İstanbul.
  • Garofalo, J. (1981). The fear of crime: Causes and consequences. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 72(2), 839–857.
  • Gaster, G. (2001). On the nature of neighbourhood. Urban Studies, 38(12), 2111–2124.
  • Gilchrist, E., Bannister, J., Ditton, J. ve Farral, S. (1998). Woman and the fear of crime, challenging the accepted stereotype. British Journal of Criminology, 38(2), 283–298.
  • Gökulu, G. (2018). Medya ve suç korkusu ilişkisi üzerine bir değerlendirme. Social Sciences Studies Journal (SSS Journal), 4(14), 585–594.
  • Hale, C. (1996). Fear of crime: A review of the literature. International Review of Victimology, 4, 79–150.
  • Harvey, D. (2009). Kapitalist kent. New Left Review, pp.181–202.
  • Harvey, D. (2016). Sosyal adalet ve şehir. Metis Yayınları: İstanbul.
  • Hilinski, C. M., Neeson, K.E.P. ve Andrews, H. (2011). Explaining the fear of crime among college women, in their own words. The Southwest Journal of Criminal Justice, 8(1), 112–127.
  • Hollway, W. ve Jefferson, T. (1997). The risk society in an age of anxiety: situating fear of crime. British Journal of Sociology, 48, 255–266.
  • Irmak, F. ve Balkanlıoğlu, M.A. (2013). ABD’deki suç korkusunun sosyo-demografik analizi. Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi (Journal of Academic Inquiries), 8(3), 85–101.
  • Jackson, J. (2009). A Psychological perspective on vulnerability in the fear of crime. Psychology, Crime & Law, 15(4), 365–390.
  • Jarrett-Luck, M. (2015). Reconceptualising fear of crime: the emergence of crime awareness. Doctoral Thesis, Criminology Department Faculty of Society and Design Bond University Queensland, Australia.
  • Koskela, H. (1999). Fear, control and space: Geographies of gender, fear of violence and video surveillance. University of Helsinki Press: Helsinki.
  • Kubrin, C. E. ve Weitzer, R. (2003). New directions in social disorganization theory. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 40(4), 374–402.
  • Kümbetoğlu, B. (2008). Sosyolojide ve Antropolojide niteliksel yöntem ve araştırma. 2. Baskı. Bağlam Yayıncılık: İstanbul.
  • Lee, T. (1968). Urban neighbourhood as a socio-spatial schema. Human Relations, 21(3), 241–267.
  • Lee, M. (2007). Inventing fear of crime: criminology and the politics of anxiety. Willan Publishing: Cullompton UK.
  • Meško, G., Fallshore, M., Muratbegović, E. ve Fields, C. (2008). Fear of crime in two post-socialist capital cities-Ljubljana, Slovenia and Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Journal of Criminal Justice, 36(6), 546–553.
  • Mogekwu, M. (2005). African union: Xenophobia as poor intercultural information. Ecquid Novi, 26(1), 5–20.
  • Pain, R. H. (1991). Space, sexual violence and social control: Integrating geographical and feminist analyses of women’s fear of crime. Progress in Human Geography, 15(4), 415–431.
  • Pain, R. H. (1994). Kid gloves: children’s geographies and the impact of violent crime. Occasional Paper New Series No. 1, Division of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Northumbria.
  • Pain R. H. (1997). Social geographies of women’s fear of crime. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 22(2), 231–244.
  • Pacione, M. (2003). Urban environmental quality and human wellbeing: a social geographical perspective. Landscape and Urban Planning, 65, 19–30.
  • Rader, N. (2017). Fear of Crime. Oxford Research Encyclopedia, Criminology and Criminal Justice. Oxford University Press: USA.
  • Rathzel, N. (2002). Developments in theories of racism. Europe’s new racism: causes, manifestations and solution. Ellen Preckler ve The Evens Foundation (Edt.), içinde (s. 3-26). Oxford: Berghahn Books, New York.
  • Reid, L.W. ve Konrad, M. (2004). The gender gap in fear: assessing the interactive effects of gender and perceived risk on fear of crime.Sociological Spectrum, 24, 399–425.
  • Sipahi, E. B. (2016). Türkiye’de kent sakinlerinin suç korkuları üzerine bir araştırma. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(43): 2158–2169.
  • Sipahi, E. B. (2017). Suç korkusu Türkiye kentlerinde bir alan araştırması. Çizgi Kitabevi: Konya.
  • Soja, E. W. (1980). The socio-spatial dialectic. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 70(2), 207–225.
  • Stanko, E. (1990). Everyday violence: how woman and men experience sexual and physical danger, Pandora: Londra.
  • Temurçin, K. (2018). Suç Coğrafyası: Göreli kavramsallaştırmadan mekânsal yorumlamaya. Edt. Nurettin Özgen, Sosyal Coğrafya. Pegem Akademi Yayınları: Ankara s.419-448.
  • Tandoğan, O. ve İlhan, B. Ş. (2016). Fear of crime in public spaces: From the view of women living in cities. Procedia Engineering, 161, 2011–2018.
  • Valentine, G. (1989). The geography of women’s fear. Area, 21(4), 385–390.
  • Valentine, G. (1990). Women’s fear and the design of public space. Built Environment, 16(4), 288–303.
  • Warr, M. (2000). Fear of crime in the United States: Avenues for research and Policy. Measurement and Analysis of Crime and Justice, 4, 451–489.
  • Warr, M. ve Ellison, C. G. (2000). Rethinking social reactions to crime: personal and altruistic fear in family households. American Journal of Sociology, 106(3), 551–578.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri, 9. Baskı. Seçkin Yayıncılık: Ankara.
  • Isparta Belediyesi İmar Müdürlüğü (2018).
  • Isparta İl Emniyet Müdürlüğü (2018). Isparta Merkez Mahalleleri Suç İstatistikleri.
  • http://www.bomba32.com/haber/isparta/baglar-mahallesinde-yakayieleverdiler/28486.html (S.E.T.: 05.02.2020)

Kentsel Mekânda Kadınların Yaşadığı Suç Korkusu Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Year 2020, Issue: 41, 45 - 60, 30.12.2020

Kadir Temurçin Mahinur Kılıç Yolcu Aldırmaz

Abstract

Kentsel mekânda giderek daha fazla görünür hale gelen suç ve onun sonuçları, bireyin dünyasında belirli bir tedirginliğe yol açarak bir korku hissinin oluşmasına neden olmaktadır. Birçok kişiyi olumsuz yönde etkileyen korku deneyimleri, günlük rutinlerde birtakım değişikliklere yol açmaktadır. Bu açıdan suç korkusu toplumun her kesimini farklı şekillerde etkilemekle birlikte, özellikle kadınlarda daha belirgin gözlemlenmekte ve sonuçları kişilerin yaşantısında daha görünür önlemlere/tepkilere sebep olmaktadır. Bu korku durumunun nedeni her ne kadar toplumsal çözümlemelerle analiz edilse de arka planda ilgili kişilerin yaşadıkları fiziki çevrenin de etkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada da, Isparta şehrinin bir mahallesi olan Bağlar’da kadınların yaşadığı suç korkuları mekânsallıklarıyla birlikte araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada, nitel araştırma desenlerinden durum çalışması seçilmiş, tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemiyle görüşmeler yapılmış, görüşmede elde edilen bulgular şehrin fiziksel unsurlarıyla birlikte değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları ise iki farklı çerçevede sunulmuştur. İlki mekânsal düzensizliklerin suç korkusunun oluşumunda ya da korku hissinin artmasında etkili olduğuna, ikincisinde ise sosyal meseleler ve sosyal çevredeki bozulmaların suç korkusunun toplumsal düzeyde yorumlanmasında önemli bir role sahip olduğuna vurgu yapmaktadır. Dolayısıyla kadınların yaşadıkları korku veya kendilerini güvende hissetme duygusu mahallenin gerek fiziki gerekse de sosyal görünümüyle açıklanmıştır.

Keywords

Suç suç korkusu kentsel mekân

References

  • Ahmed, S. (2017). Duyguların kültürel politikası. Çev. Sultan Komut,2. Baskı, Sel Yayıncılık: İstanbul.
  • Balkin, S. (1979). Victimisation rates, safety and fear of crime. Social Problems, 26, 343–358.
  • Bernard, Y. (1992). North American and european research on fear of crime. Applied Psychology: An Internanonal Review, 41, 65–75.
  • Block, R. L. ve Block, C. R. (1995). Space, place and crime: hot spot areas and hot places of liquor related crime. Criminal Justice Press: USA.
  • Box, S., Hale, C. ve Andrews, C. (1988). Explaining fear of crime. The British Journal of Criminology, 28(3), 340–356.
  • Brantingham, P. L. ve Brantingham, P. J. (1995). Criminality of place: crime generators and crime attractors. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 3, 5–26.
  • Bryman, A. (2007). Barriers to integrating quantitative and qualitative research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(1), 8–22.
  • Condon, S., Lieber, M., Maillochon, F. (2007). Feeling unsafe in public places: understanding women’s fears. Revue Française de Sociologie, 5(48), 101–128.
  • Covington, J. ve Taylor, R. B. (1991). Fear of crime in urban residential neighbourhoods: implications between-and within-neighbourhood sources for current models. The Sociological Quarterly, 32 (2), 231–249.
  • Demirel, G. (2017). Ötekinin korkusu: Haber bültenlerinde Türkiye’deki Suriyeliler. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(60), 503–514.
  • Dobbs, R. R., Waid, C. A. ve Shelley, T. O. (2009). Explaining fear of crime as fear of rape among college females: an examination of multiple campuses in the united states. International Journal of Social Inquiry, 2(2), 105–122.
  • Eve, R. A. ve Eve, S. B. (1984). The effects of powerlessness, fear of social change and social integration on fear of crime among the elderly. Victimology, 9, 290–295.
  • Farrall, S., Bannister, J., Ditton, J. ve Gilchrist, E. (2000). Social psychology and the fear of crime: Re-examining a speculative model. The British Journal of Criminology, 40(3), 399–413.
  • Ferraro, K. F. ve LaGrange, R. (1987). The measurement of fear of crime. Sociological Review, 57, 70–101.
  • Ferraro, K. F. (1995). Fear of crime: Interpreting victimization risk. SUNY Press: New York.
  • Furedi, F. (2017). Korku kültürü: Risk almamanın riskleri. 3. Baskı, Çev. B. Yıldırım, Ayrıntı Yayınları: İstanbul.
  • Garofalo, J. (1981). The fear of crime: Causes and consequences. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 72(2), 839–857.
  • Gaster, G. (2001). On the nature of neighbourhood. Urban Studies, 38(12), 2111–2124.
  • Gilchrist, E., Bannister, J., Ditton, J. ve Farral, S. (1998). Woman and the fear of crime, challenging the accepted stereotype. British Journal of Criminology, 38(2), 283–298.
  • Gökulu, G. (2018). Medya ve suç korkusu ilişkisi üzerine bir değerlendirme. Social Sciences Studies Journal (SSS Journal), 4(14), 585–594.
  • Hale, C. (1996). Fear of crime: A review of the literature. International Review of Victimology, 4, 79–150.
  • Harvey, D. (2009). Kapitalist kent. New Left Review, pp.181–202.
  • Harvey, D. (2016). Sosyal adalet ve şehir. Metis Yayınları: İstanbul.
  • Hilinski, C. M., Neeson, K.E.P. ve Andrews, H. (2011). Explaining the fear of crime among college women, in their own words. The Southwest Journal of Criminal Justice, 8(1), 112–127.
  • Hollway, W. ve Jefferson, T. (1997). The risk society in an age of anxiety: situating fear of crime. British Journal of Sociology, 48, 255–266.
  • Irmak, F. ve Balkanlıoğlu, M.A. (2013). ABD’deki suç korkusunun sosyo-demografik analizi. Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi (Journal of Academic Inquiries), 8(3), 85–101.
  • Jackson, J. (2009). A Psychological perspective on vulnerability in the fear of crime. Psychology, Crime & Law, 15(4), 365–390.
  • Jarrett-Luck, M. (2015). Reconceptualising fear of crime: the emergence of crime awareness. Doctoral Thesis, Criminology Department Faculty of Society and Design Bond University Queensland, Australia.
  • Koskela, H. (1999). Fear, control and space: Geographies of gender, fear of violence and video surveillance. University of Helsinki Press: Helsinki.
  • Kubrin, C. E. ve Weitzer, R. (2003). New directions in social disorganization theory. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 40(4), 374–402.
  • Kümbetoğlu, B. (2008). Sosyolojide ve Antropolojide niteliksel yöntem ve araştırma. 2. Baskı. Bağlam Yayıncılık: İstanbul.
  • Lee, T. (1968). Urban neighbourhood as a socio-spatial schema. Human Relations, 21(3), 241–267.
  • Lee, M. (2007). Inventing fear of crime: criminology and the politics of anxiety. Willan Publishing: Cullompton UK.
  • Meško, G., Fallshore, M., Muratbegović, E. ve Fields, C. (2008). Fear of crime in two post-socialist capital cities-Ljubljana, Slovenia and Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Journal of Criminal Justice, 36(6), 546–553.
  • Mogekwu, M. (2005). African union: Xenophobia as poor intercultural information. Ecquid Novi, 26(1), 5–20.
  • Pain, R. H. (1991). Space, sexual violence and social control: Integrating geographical and feminist analyses of women’s fear of crime. Progress in Human Geography, 15(4), 415–431.
  • Pain, R. H. (1994). Kid gloves: children’s geographies and the impact of violent crime. Occasional Paper New Series No. 1, Division of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Northumbria.
  • Pain R. H. (1997). Social geographies of women’s fear of crime. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 22(2), 231–244.
  • Pacione, M. (2003). Urban environmental quality and human wellbeing: a social geographical perspective. Landscape and Urban Planning, 65, 19–30.
  • Rader, N. (2017). Fear of Crime. Oxford Research Encyclopedia, Criminology and Criminal Justice. Oxford University Press: USA.
  • Rathzel, N. (2002). Developments in theories of racism. Europe’s new racism: causes, manifestations and solution. Ellen Preckler ve The Evens Foundation (Edt.), içinde (s. 3-26). Oxford: Berghahn Books, New York.
  • Reid, L.W. ve Konrad, M. (2004). The gender gap in fear: assessing the interactive effects of gender and perceived risk on fear of crime.Sociological Spectrum, 24, 399–425.
  • Sipahi, E. B. (2016). Türkiye’de kent sakinlerinin suç korkuları üzerine bir araştırma. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(43): 2158–2169.
  • Sipahi, E. B. (2017). Suç korkusu Türkiye kentlerinde bir alan araştırması. Çizgi Kitabevi: Konya.
  • Soja, E. W. (1980). The socio-spatial dialectic. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 70(2), 207–225.
  • Stanko, E. (1990). Everyday violence: how woman and men experience sexual and physical danger, Pandora: Londra.
  • Temurçin, K. (2018). Suç Coğrafyası: Göreli kavramsallaştırmadan mekânsal yorumlamaya. Edt. Nurettin Özgen, Sosyal Coğrafya. Pegem Akademi Yayınları: Ankara s.419-448.
  • Tandoğan, O. ve İlhan, B. Ş. (2016). Fear of crime in public spaces: From the view of women living in cities. Procedia Engineering, 161, 2011–2018.
  • Valentine, G. (1989). The geography of women’s fear. Area, 21(4), 385–390.
  • Valentine, G. (1990). Women’s fear and the design of public space. Built Environment, 16(4), 288–303.
  • Warr, M. (2000). Fear of crime in the United States: Avenues for research and Policy. Measurement and Analysis of Crime and Justice, 4, 451–489.
  • Warr, M. ve Ellison, C. G. (2000). Rethinking social reactions to crime: personal and altruistic fear in family households. American Journal of Sociology, 106(3), 551–578.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri, 9. Baskı. Seçkin Yayıncılık: Ankara.
  • Isparta Belediyesi İmar Müdürlüğü (2018).
  • Isparta İl Emniyet Müdürlüğü (2018). Isparta Merkez Mahalleleri Suç İstatistikleri.
  • http://www.bomba32.com/haber/isparta/baglar-mahallesinde-yakayieleverdiler/28486.html (S.E.T.: 05.02.2020)
There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Kadir Temurçin This is me 0000-0002-8726-3756

Mahinur Kılıç This is me 0000-0002-9991-6128

Yolcu Aldırmaz This is me 0000-0001-8669-192X

Publication Date December 30, 2020
Submission Date February 7, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 41

Cite

APA Temurçin, K., Kılıç, M., & Aldırmaz, Y. (2020). Kentsel Mekânda Kadınların Yaşadığı Suç Korkusu Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Journal of Geography(41), 45-60.
AMA Temurçin K, Kılıç M, Aldırmaz Y. Kentsel Mekânda Kadınların Yaşadığı Suç Korkusu Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Journal of Geography. December 2020;(41):45-60.
Chicago Temurçin, Kadir, Mahinur Kılıç, and Yolcu Aldırmaz. “Kentsel Mekânda Kadınların Yaşadığı Suç Korkusu Üzerine Bir Araştırma”. Journal of Geography, no. 41 (December 2020): 45-60.
EndNote Temurçin K, Kılıç M, Aldırmaz Y (December 1, 2020) Kentsel Mekânda Kadınların Yaşadığı Suç Korkusu Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Journal of Geography 41 45–60.
IEEE K. Temurçin, M. Kılıç, and Y. Aldırmaz, “Kentsel Mekânda Kadınların Yaşadığı Suç Korkusu Üzerine Bir Araştırma”, Journal of Geography, no. 41, pp. 45–60, December 2020.
ISNAD Temurçin, Kadir et al. “Kentsel Mekânda Kadınların Yaşadığı Suç Korkusu Üzerine Bir Araştırma”. Journal of Geography 41 (December 2020), 45-60.
JAMA Temurçin K, Kılıç M, Aldırmaz Y. Kentsel Mekânda Kadınların Yaşadığı Suç Korkusu Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Journal of Geography. 2020;:45–60.
MLA Temurçin, Kadir et al. “Kentsel Mekânda Kadınların Yaşadığı Suç Korkusu Üzerine Bir Araştırma”. Journal of Geography, no. 41, 2020, pp. 45-60.
Vancouver Temurçin K, Kılıç M, Aldırmaz Y. Kentsel Mekânda Kadınların Yaşadığı Suç Korkusu Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Journal of Geography. 2020(41):45-60.
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