Evolution of Autumn Leaf Coloration of Torminalis glaberrima Grown in Isparta, Türkiye

Year 2023, Issue: 47, 101 - 108, 10.01.2024

Candan Şahin , Ebru Hatice Tığlı Kaytanlıoğlu , Hüseyin Fakir , Uğur Özkan

https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2023-1257031

Abstract

The fall coloration of temperate tree leaves is a phenomenon of nature that ranges in color from pale yellows, oranges, and purples to dark reds. Although some evolutionary forces and weathered mechanisms (e.g., light and frost protection) cause variations in leaf color within and among species, no full explanation is found regarding fall coloration. This study phonologically monitored Torminalis glaberrima leaves from May until at the end of November in terms of fall coloration and senescence properties. The study presents the average color coordinate values of Torminalis glaberrima leaves, starting from May and continuing through November. Torminalis glaberrima leaves show an intense green color from May to June. We have used CIE L*a*b (1976) color space to determine discoloration intensity. As the seasons change, however, the leaves become darker into November (L = 25.67), with leaf discolorations becoming clearly distinguishable. We selected color values of leaves of Torminalis glaberrima at May as control, and as vegetation continues, compared to color changes throughout study (end of November). Accordingly, we measured total color differences (ΔE). The highest change in coloration was found in November (ΔE = 56.86) followed by October (ΔE = 44.71), September (ΔE = 42.32), August (ΔE = 15.37), July (ΔE = 5.86), and June (ΔE = 2.14). Notably, the highest color difference ΔE = 44.56 was found from August to September, and the lowest from May to June (ΔE = 2.14). Except for the leaves’ GE brightness values, which show very low correlations over time, all other color coordinate values for CIE L*a*b* and hue values show some color level correlations over time.

Keywords

CIE L*a*b*, Torminalis glaberrima leaves, autumn coloration, leaf senescence

Project Number

yok

Isparta-Türkiye’de Yetişen Torminalis glaberrima’nın Sonbahar Yaprak Renklenmesinin İncelenmesi

Abstract

Ilıman iklim bölgelerinde yetişen ağaçların yaprakları, sonbaharda bir olgu olarak parlak sari renkten turuncu, pembe ve koyu kırmızı renge kadar karmaşık renklenme göstermektedir. Hernekadar bazı evrimsel güçler ve dış atmosferik şartlar (ışık ve don koruması) yapraklarda renk değişimine sebep olmakla birlikte, bu durum türler arasında farklılık göstermekte ve hala tam olarak açıklanabilmiş değildir. Bu çalışamda, torminalis glaberrima yapraklarının sonbahar renklenmesi ve yaşlanma durumu, fenolojik olarak Mayıs ayından Kasım sonuna kadar izlenmiştir. Torminalis glaberrima yapraklarının renk değerleri, Mayıs ayından başlayarak Kasım ayı sonuna kadar karşılaştırmalı olarak sunulmuştur. Torminalis glaberrima’nın yaprakları Mayıstan Haziran sonuna kadar koyu Yeşil renk tonunda gözlemlenmiş ve zaman ilerledikçe Kasımda daha koyu renge dönmüştür (L: 25.67 nümerik). Zamana bağlı olarak oluşan yapraklardaki renk değişimi kolaylıkla gözşlemlenebilmiştir. En yüksek renk değişimi, Kasımda (ΔE: 56.86), devamında Ekimde (ΔE: 44.71), Eylülde (ΔE: 42.32), Ağustosta (ΔE: 15.37), Temmuzda (ΔE: 5.86) ve Haziranda (ΔE: 2.14) ölçülmüştür. Fakat en yüksek renk farklılığı ise ΔE: 44.56 numerik olarak, Ağustostan Eylüle kadar olan periyotta en düşük ise Maytıstan Hazirana kadar (ΔE: 2.14) olan periyotta oluşmuştur. GE parlaklık değeri zamana bağlı olarak çok düşük korelasyon göstermekte ve istisna oluşturmakta, fakat diğer tüm renk koordinasyon değerleri olan CIE L*a*b*C* ve h nin, zamana bağlı olarak bir şekilde korelasyon gösterdiği anlaşılmıştır.

Keywords

CIE L*a*b*, torminalis glaberrima, sonbahar renklenmesi

Supporting Institution

yok

Project Number

yok

Thanks

yok

References

• Akyıldmm Beğen H, Eminağaoğlu Ö (2022). Türkiye Rosaceae familyasına yeni cinsler (Aria, Hedlundia, Torminalis) ile taksonomik katkılar. Turk J Biod 5(1): 36-49. google scholar
• Archetti, M., Döring, T. F., Hagen, S. B., Hughes, N. M., and Thomas, H. (2009), Unravelling the evolution of autumn colours: an interdisciplinary approach, Trends in ecology & evolution, 24 (3), 166-173. google scholar
• Bahreini, Z. (2022), Investigation, Extraction and Chemical Evaluation of Anthocyanin Red Pigment of Nadina Domestica (berberidaceae) shrub in autumn leaves, Journal of Color Science and Technology, 16 (1), 17-25. google scholar
• Bekçi, B., Dinçer, D., Var, M., and Yahyaoğlu, Z. (2010), Trabzon ve yöresinde doğal olarak bulunan bazı meyveli bitkilerin yetişme teknikleri ve peyzaj mimarlığında değerlendirilmesi, (Turkish abstract in English), III. Ulusal Karadeniz Ormancılık Kongresi, 20, 1456-1466. google scholar
• Bednorz, L., and Urbaniak, A. (2005), Phenology of the wild service tree (Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz] in Poznan and Wielkopolski National Park, Dendrobiology, 53, 3-10. google scholar
• Bozdoğan, E. (2016), Monitoring the autumn color change in leaves of Amphelopsis quinquefolia, Asian Journal of Science and Technology, 7 (1): 2198-2202. google scholar
• Chiba, N., Ohshida, K., Muraoka, K., and Saito, N. (1996), Visual simulation of leaf arrangement and autumn colours. The Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation, 7 (2), 79-93. google scholar
• Feild, T. S., Lee, D. W., and Holbrook, N. M. (2001), Why leaves turn red in autumn. The role of anthocyanins in senescing leaves of red-osier dogwood. Plant physiology, 127 (2), 566-574. google scholar
• Hasbal, G., Yilmaz-Ozden, T., and Can, A. (2015), Antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterase activities of Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz (wild service tree) fruits. Journal of food and drug analysis, 23 (1), 57-62. google scholar
• Jeran, N., Zidovec, V, Dujmovis Purgar, D., Vokurka, A., Me^ is, A., Karlovis, K., and Duralija, B. (2017, October). Utilization value of Sorbus sl in Croatia and its potential enhancement. In II International Symposium on Fruit Culture along Silk Road Countries 1308 (pp. 81-88). google scholar
• Junker, L. V., and Ensminger, I. (2016), Relationship between leaf optical properties, chlorophyll fluorescence and pigment changes in senescing Acer saccharum leaves, Tree Physiology, 36 (6), 694-711. google scholar
• Lee, D. W., O’Keefe, J., Holbrook, N. M., and Feild, T. S. (2003). Pigment dynamics and autumn leaf senescence in a New England deciduous forest, eastern USA. Ecological Research, 18 (6), 677-694. google scholar
• Lehrer, J. M., and Brand, M. H. (2010), Purple-leaved Japanese Barberry (var. atropurpurea) Genotypes Become Visually Indistinguishable from Greenleaved Genotypes (Berberis thunbergii DC.) at Low Light Levels. Journal of Environmental Horticulture, 28 (3), 187-189. google scholar
• Muller, U., Ratzsch, M., Schwanninger, M., Steiner, M., and Zobl, H., (2003),Yellowing and IR-changes of spruce wood as result of UV-irradiation. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 69: 97-105. google scholar
• Nowakowska, M., Ochmian, I., and Mijowska, K. (2017), Assessment of the sea buckthorn growing in urban conditions-the quality of berries and leaves. Journal of Elementology, 22(2), 399-409. google scholar
• Ochmian, I. D., Grajkowski, J., and Smolik, M. (2012), Comparison of some morphological features, quality and chemical content of four cultivars of chokeberry fruits (Aronia melanocarpa). Notulae botanicae horti agrobotanici cluj-napoca, 40(1), 253. google scholar
• Olszewska, M. A., and Roj, J. M. (2011), Phenolic constituents of the inflorescences of Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz. Phytochemistry Letters, 4(2), 151-157. google scholar
• Post, P. C., and Schlautman, M. A. (2020), Measuring camellia petal color using a portable color sensor. Horticulturae, 6 (3), 53. google scholar
• Sahin, H. T., and Mantanis, G. I. (2011), Colour changes in wood surfaces modified by a nanoparticulate based treatment. Wood research, 56(4), 525-532. google scholar
• Tan, X., Wu, J., Liu, Y., Huang, S., Gao, L., and Zhang, W. (2021), Estimation of leaf color variances of Cotinus coggygria based on geographic and environmental variables. Journal of Forestry Research, 32(2), 609-622. google scholar