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Depositional Properties and Paleoclimate of a Middle-Upper Pleistocene Fan Delta Sequence in the Bor Plain, Central Anatolia, Turkey

Year 2024, Issue: 48, 65 - 82, 05.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2024-1295793

Abstract

The Bor Plain, which is located in the Middle Kızılırmak subregion of the Central Anatolia Region, extends 14 km toward the west of Niğde. The fan delta deposition system in the southwest of the Bor Plain was formed on the fault-controlled foothills of Mt. Keçiboyduran. The fandelta sequence shows that a paleolake formed during a phase because of the mineralogical content and frequently changing facies. Additionally, clay minerals and herbaceous plants reflecting humid and arid climatic conditions illustrate the lake-level changes. Six changes in the lake level occurred from marine isotope stage (MIS) 7 to (MIS) 5. Three major high stands occurred in the paleolake at the lowest and middle parts of the sequence. The first high stand was a stepwise transgression between ~240 and ~230 ka., and the second high stand was between ~200 and ~195 ka. The third high stand was characterized by a short transgression at 182 ka. After this stage, the lake receded significantly at 127 and 105 ka, indicating climatic control over the water level changes. In the transition from the Middle to Late Pleistocene, a revival of volcanic activity in the Leşkeri monogenic volcanic mass released volcanic material, affecting sedimentation. Volcanic rocks increase dramatically in the upper section of the fandelta during an interval that coincides with low lake-level fluctuations.

Supporting Institution

TUBİTAK

Project Number

116Y498

Thanks

We are grateful to Yavuz Sürme (Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University) for his technical support in the laboratory, Serkan Kükrer (Ardahan University) for TOC analyses, and Eren Şahiner and Niyazi Meriç for OSL dating (Ankara University Institute of Nuclear Sciences).

References

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  • Gradusov, BP. (1974). A tentative study of clay mineral distribution in soils of the World. Geoderma, 12, 49-55. google scholar
  • Grant, WH. (1963). Weathering of Stone Mountain granite. Clays and Clay Minerals, 11, 65-73. google scholar
  • Gruszka, B., Zielinski, T. (2021). Lacustrine deltas and subaqueous fans: almost the same, but different - a review. Geologos, 27, 43-55. google scholar
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İç Anadolu Bölgesi’nde Bor Ovası’nda Orta-Üst Pleistosen Yelpaze Delta Dizisinin Depolanma Özellikleri ve Paleoiklimi

Year 2024, Issue: 48, 65 - 82, 05.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2024-1295793

Abstract

İç Anadolu Bölgesi’nin Orta Kızılırmak bölümünde bulunan Bor Ovası, Niğde’nin batısına doğru 14 km uzanır. Ovanın güneybatısındaki yelpaze deltası, Keçiboyduran Dağı’nın fay kontrollü eteğinde oluşmuştur. Fan delta, mineralojik içerik ve sık sık değişen fasiyes nedeniyle bir faz sırasında eski bir göl ortamında oluştuğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca nemli ve kurak iklim koşullarını yansıtan kil mineralleri ve otsu bitkiler göl seviyesindeki değişimleri göstermektedir. Deniz izotop aşaması (MIS) 7’den (MIS) 5’e kadar göl seviyesinde altı kez değişiklik meydana geldiği anlaşılmaktadır. İstifin en alt ve orta kısımlarında eski göl ortamında üç büyük yüksek basamak meydana gelmiştir. İlk yüksek basamak, ~240 ile ~230 ka arasında ve İkinci yüksek basamak ~200 ile ~195 ka arasındadır. Üçüncü yüksek basamak 182 ka’da görülmektedir. Bu aşamadan sonra göl 127 ka ve 105 ka da önemli ölçüde gerilemiştir. Bu durum su seviyesi değişiklikleri üzerinde iklim kontrolünün olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca Orta Pleyistosen’den Geç Pleyistosen’e geçişte, Leşkeri volkanik kütlesinden çıkan materyal sedimantasyona etki etmiştir. Bu nedenle volkanik kayaçlar, düşük göl seviyesi dalgalanmalarına denk gelen bir aralıkta fan deltanın üst kesiminde önemli ölçüde artar.

Project Number

116Y498

References

  • Agostini, S., Manetti, P., Lustrino, M., Di Giuseppe P., Savaşçın, MY., Ersoy, Y., Karaoğlu, Ö. (2015). Central and Eastern Anatolia Volcanism. In: Agostini, S., Manetti, P., Lustrino, M. (Eds.), The Contribution of Italian Scientists to the Geology of the Turkey. Acta Vulcanologica, 26-27, 37-50. google scholar
  • Akıska, E., Varol, B. (2020). Alluvial-lacustrine sedimentation and volcaniclastic deposition in an intracontinental tectonic graben: paleoenvironmental evolution of the Neogene Sinanpaşa Basin, west-central Turkey. Turkish Journal Earth Science, 29, 295-324. google scholar
  • Alçiçek, H., Varol, B., Özkul, M. (2007). Sedimentary facies, depositional environment sand paleogeographic evolution of the Neogene Denizli Basin of SW Anatolia, Turkey. Sedimentary Geology, 20, 596-637. google scholar
  • Alçiçek, H., Wesselingh, FP., Alçiçek, MC., Jimenez-Moreno, G., Feijen, FJ., Ostende, van den H., Mayda, S., Tesakov AS. (2017). A multiproxy study of the early Pleistocene palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic conditions of an anastomosed fluvial sequence from the Çameli Basin (SW Anatolia, Turkey). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 467, 232-252. google scholar
  • Atabey, E., Göncüoğlu, CM., Turhan, N. (1990). 1/100,000 Scale Geology Map, Kozan-J19 section of the map. Publication of General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration. google scholar
  • Bayer-Altın, T., El Quahabi, M., Fagel, N. (2015). Environmental and climatic changes during the Pleistocene-Holocene in the Bor Plain, Central Anatolia, Turkey. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 440, 564-578. google scholar
  • Bayer-Altın, T., Kayseri-Özer, MS., Altın, BN. (2021). The Holocene terraces of the desiccated Bor Lake and Neolithic occupation in Bor Plain, Central Anatolia, Turkey. Environmental Earth Sciences, 80, 1-27. google scholar
  • Beekman, PH. (1966). The Pliocene and Quaternary volcanism in the Hasan Dağ-Melendiz Dağ region. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, 66, 88-103. google scholar
  • Beug, HJ. (2004). Leitfaden der Pollenbestimmung für Mitteleuropa und angrenzende Gebite. Verlag Friedrich Pfeil, Munich, 542 pp (in German). google scholar
  • Boggs, SJr. (2009). Petrology of sedimentary rocks. In Boggs SJr (Ed.), Carbonate sedimentary rocks (pp. 311-408). Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Caspers, G., Freund, H. (2001). Vegetation and climate in the Early- and Pleni-Weichselian in northern Central Europe. Journal of Quaternary Science, 16, 31-48. google scholar
  • Cohen, H., Erol, O. (1969). Aspects of the palaeogeography of Central Anatolia. The Geographical Journal, 135, 388-398. google scholar
  • Colella, A., Prior, DB., Mccabe, A. (1992). Coarse-grained deltas (Special publication no 10 of the international association of sedimentologists). Journal of Quaternary Science, 7, 271-272. google scholar
  • Collinson, JD. (1996). Alluvial sediments. In Reading, HG. (Ed.), Sedimentary environments: processes, facies and stratigraphy (pp. 37-81). Oxford, Blackwell Science. google scholar
  • Cook, HE., Johnson, PD., Matti, JC., Zemmels, I. (1975). IV. Methods of sample preparation, and Xray diffraction data analysis, X-ray mineralogy laboratory, Deep Sea Drilling Project, University of California, Riverside. Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, 25, U.S. Govt. Washington, Printing Office. google scholar
  • Cramer, MD., Hawkins, HJ. (2009). A physiological mechanism for the formation of root casts. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 274, 125-133. google scholar
  • Das, SS., Rai, AK., Akaram, V., Verma, D., Pandey, AC., Dutta, K., Prasad, RGV. (2013). Paleoenvironmental significance of clay mineral assemblages in the southeastern Arabian Sea during last 30 kyr. Journal ofEarth System Science, 122, 173-185. google scholar
  • De Celles, PG., Gray, MB., Ridgway, KD. Cole, RB., Pivnik, DA., Pequera, N., Srivastava, P. (1991). Controls on synorogenic alluvial-fan architecture, Beartooth Conglomerate (Palaeocene), Wyoming and Montana. Sedimentology, 38, 567-590. google scholar
  • Demirer, ŞS., Akgün, F., Tunoğlu, C., Tuncer, A., Kayseri-Özer, MS. (2016). Pliocene vegetation and climate reconstruction based on pollen data from Dombayova Graben (Afyonkarahisar, Western Anatolia). 17. Paleontology - Stratigraphy Workshop, Balıkesir, Türkiye. google scholar
  • Doğan-Külahçı, GD., Temel, A., Gourgaud, A., Varol, E., Guillou, H., Deniel, C. (2018). Contemporaneous alkaline and calc-alkaline series in Central Anatolia (Turkey): Spatio-temporal evolution of a post-collisional Quaternary basaltic volcanism. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 156, 56-74. google scholar
  • El-Moslimany, PA. (1990). Ecological significance of common nonarboreal pollen: examples from drylands of the Middle East. Review ofPalaeobotanyandPalynology, 64, 343-350. google scholar
  • Emre, Ö. (1991). Hasanağı-Keçiboyduran Dağı yöresi volkanizmasının jeomorfolojisi (Geomorphology of the volcanism of Mt. Hasan-Mt. Keçiboyduran) (Doktora Tezi). Institute of Social Sciences, Istanbul University, İstanbul. google scholar
  • Erol, O. (1991). The relationship between the phases of the development of the Konya-Karapinar obruks and the Pleistocene Tuz Gölü and Konya pluvial lakes, Turkey. Deniz Bilimleri ve Coğrafya Enstitüsü Bülteni, 7, 5-49 (in Turkish with English abstract). google scholar
  • Freitag, H., Vural, M., Adıgüzel, N. (1999). A remarkable new Salsola and some new records of Chenopodiaceae from Central Anatolia, Turkey. Willdenowia, 29, 123-139. google scholar
  • Gaudette, HE., Flight, WR., Toner, L., Folger, DW. (1974). An inexpensive titration method for the determination of organic carbon in recent sediments. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 44, 249-253. google scholar
  • Göncüoğlu, M., Dirik, K., Erler, A., Yalınız, K., Özgül, K., Çemen, İ. (1996). Tuzgölü havzası batı kısmının temel jeolojik sorunları (Basic Geologic Problems of Western Part of Tuzgölü Basin). Turkish Petroleum Corporation (TPAO) Report, 3753. google scholar
  • Göz, E., Kadiri, S., Gürel, A., Eren, M. (2014). Geology, mineralogy, geochemistry, and depositional environment of a Late Miocene/ Pliocene fluvio-lacustrine succession, Cappadocian Volcanic Province, central Anatolia, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Science, 23, 386-411. google scholar
  • Gradusov, BP. (1974). A tentative study of clay mineral distribution in soils of the World. Geoderma, 12, 49-55. google scholar
  • Grant, WH. (1963). Weathering of Stone Mountain granite. Clays and Clay Minerals, 11, 65-73. google scholar
  • Gruszka, B., Zielinski, T. (2021). Lacustrine deltas and subaqueous fans: almost the same, but different - a review. Geologos, 27, 43-55. google scholar
  • Gürel, A., Lermi, A. (2008). Geo-archaeological activities in southern Cappadocia, Turkey. In D’Alfonso, L., Balza, ME., Mora, C. (Eds.), Studia Mediterranea (pp. 55-68). Pavia: Italian University Press. google scholar
  • Hadji, F., Marok, A., Mokhtar Samet, A. (2019). Miocene sediment mineralogy of the lower Chelif basin (NW Algeria): implications for weathering and provenance. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 28, 85-102. google scholar
  • Hardie, LA., Smoot, JP., Eugster, HP. (1978). Saline lake sand their deposits: a sedimentological approach. In Matter, A., Tucker, M.E. (Eds.), Modern and ancient lake sediments (pp. 7-41). Ghent: Special Publications of the International Association of Sedimentologists. google scholar
  • Horton, BK., Schmitt, JG. (1996). Sedimentology of a lacustrine fan delta system Miocene Horse Camp Formation. Sedimentology, 43, 133-155. google scholar
  • Ilgar, A., Nemec, W. (2005). Early Miocene lacustrine deposits and sequence stratigraphy of the Ermenek Basin, Central Taurides, Turkey. Sedimentary Geology, 173, 233-275. google scholar
  • Karabıyıkoğlu, M., Kuzucuoğlu, C., Fontugne, M. (1999). Facies and depositional sequences of the Late Pleistocene Göçü shoreline system, Konya basin, Central Anatolia: Implications for reconstructing lake-level changes. Quaternary Science Reviews, 18, 593-609. google scholar
  • Karabıyıkoğlu, M. (2003). Konya Havzasının Geç Kuvaterner evrimi (The Late Quaternary evolution of the Konya Basin) (Doktora Tezi), İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul. google scholar
  • Kayseri-Özer, MS., Emre, T. (2022). Palynology and Palaeoclimate of the coal-bearing sediments in north Aydın-Köşk (Büyük Menderes Graben). Review of Paleobotany and Palynology, 297, 104560. google scholar
  • Kuzucuoglu, C. (2019). Geomorphological landscapes in the Konya Plain and surroundings, In Kuzucuoğlu C, Çiner A, Kazancı N. (Eds.) Landscapes and Landforms of Turkey (pp. 353-368). Berlin: Springer. google scholar
  • Kuzucuoğlu, C., Gündoğdu-Atakay, E., Mouralis, D., Atıcı, G., Guillou, H., Türkecan, A., Pastre, J-F. (2020). Geomorphology and tephrochronoglogy in the Hasandağ volcano (southern Cappadocia, Turkey). Mediterranean Geoscience Review, 2, 185-215. google scholar
  • Moore, MD., Reynolds, CR. (1997). X-ray Diffraction and Identification and Analysis of Clay Minerals. Oxford: Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Nesbitt, HW., Young, GM., McLennan, SM., Keays, RR. (1996). Effects of chemical weathering and sorting on the petrogenesis of siliciclastic sediments, with Implications for provenance studies. The Journal of Geology, 104, 525-542. google scholar
  • Nuvenko, EY., Zuganova, IS. (2010). Landscape dynamics in the Eemian interglacial and Early Weichselian Glacial Epoch on the South Valdai Hills (Russia). The Open Geography Journal, 3, 4454. google scholar
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There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Physical Geography and Environmental Geology (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Türkan Bayer Altın 0000-0001-8692-1713

Zehra Karakaş 0000-0002-5620-4518

Bekir Necati Altın

Mine Sezgül Kayseri Özer 0000-0003-2712-2457

Project Number 116Y498
Publication Date July 5, 2024
Submission Date May 11, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: 48

Cite

APA Bayer Altın, T., Karakaş, Z., Altın, B. N., Kayseri Özer, M. S. (2024). Depositional Properties and Paleoclimate of a Middle-Upper Pleistocene Fan Delta Sequence in the Bor Plain, Central Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Geography(48), 65-82. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2024-1295793
AMA Bayer Altın T, Karakaş Z, Altın BN, Kayseri Özer MS. Depositional Properties and Paleoclimate of a Middle-Upper Pleistocene Fan Delta Sequence in the Bor Plain, Central Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Geography. July 2024;(48):65-82. doi:10.26650/JGEOG2024-1295793
Chicago Bayer Altın, Türkan, Zehra Karakaş, Bekir Necati Altın, and Mine Sezgül Kayseri Özer. “Depositional Properties and Paleoclimate of a Middle-Upper Pleistocene Fan Delta Sequence in the Bor Plain, Central Anatolia, Turkey”. Journal of Geography, no. 48 (July 2024): 65-82. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2024-1295793.
EndNote Bayer Altın T, Karakaş Z, Altın BN, Kayseri Özer MS (July 1, 2024) Depositional Properties and Paleoclimate of a Middle-Upper Pleistocene Fan Delta Sequence in the Bor Plain, Central Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Geography 48 65–82.
IEEE T. Bayer Altın, Z. Karakaş, B. N. Altın, and M. S. Kayseri Özer, “Depositional Properties and Paleoclimate of a Middle-Upper Pleistocene Fan Delta Sequence in the Bor Plain, Central Anatolia, Turkey”, Journal of Geography, no. 48, pp. 65–82, July 2024, doi: 10.26650/JGEOG2024-1295793.
ISNAD Bayer Altın, Türkan et al. “Depositional Properties and Paleoclimate of a Middle-Upper Pleistocene Fan Delta Sequence in the Bor Plain, Central Anatolia, Turkey”. Journal of Geography 48 (July 2024), 65-82. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2024-1295793.
JAMA Bayer Altın T, Karakaş Z, Altın BN, Kayseri Özer MS. Depositional Properties and Paleoclimate of a Middle-Upper Pleistocene Fan Delta Sequence in the Bor Plain, Central Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Geography. 2024;:65–82.
MLA Bayer Altın, Türkan et al. “Depositional Properties and Paleoclimate of a Middle-Upper Pleistocene Fan Delta Sequence in the Bor Plain, Central Anatolia, Turkey”. Journal of Geography, no. 48, 2024, pp. 65-82, doi:10.26650/JGEOG2024-1295793.
Vancouver Bayer Altın T, Karakaş Z, Altın BN, Kayseri Özer MS. Depositional Properties and Paleoclimate of a Middle-Upper Pleistocene Fan Delta Sequence in the Bor Plain, Central Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Geography. 2024(48):65-82.