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AVUSTURYA YARGI KARARLARI VE ÖĞRETİSİ IŞIĞINDA FİNANSAL AÇIDAN AŞIRI YÜK GETİREN KEFALET SÖZLEŞMELERİNİN AHLAKA AYKIRILIK DENETİMİ

Year 2016, Volume: 74 Issue: 2, 675 - 684, 29.12.2016

Abstract

Bu makale, kefile finansal açıdan aşırı yük getiren kefalet sözleşmelerinin ahlaka aykırılığı problemini konu almaktadır. Üzerinden yirmi yılı aşkın zaman geçen çok önemli bir kararında, Alman Anayasa Mahkemesi, mahkemelerce unutulmuş bir olguyu hatırlattı. Bu kararda mahkeme, irade serbestisi- nin sadece kâğıt üzerinde bir anlamı olan kelimeler bütününden ibaret olmadığını, mahkemelerin sözleşme taraflarının sınırlanmış irade serbestilerine ve bu bağlamda sözleşmenin ahlaka aykırılığa yakından dikkat etmeleri gerektiğini vurguladı. Geçtiğimiz yirmi yılda, bu kararı takiben, Avusturya yargı kararları ve öğretisi de bu probleme gittikçe artan bir ilgi göstermiş ve bu bağlamda gelişmeler kaydetmiştir. Bu makale, Avusturya’daki ahlaka aykırılık denetimini esas alarak, Türk Hukuku kapsamında kabul edilebilecek bir çözüm sunmayı hedeflemektedir. İlk olarak, finansal açıdan aşırı yük getiren kefalet sözleşmelerinin ahlaka aykırılık denetiminin yasal dayanağı tartışılmaktadır. Burada, ahlaka aykırılığa ilişkin genel hüküm ve gabin yasağı tartışma konusu olmaktadır. İkinci olarak, makale ahlaka aykırılığın üç ana kriterini incelemektedir. Son olarak ise, ahlaka aykırılığa bağlanmış özel hukuk alanındaki yaptırımlara işarette bulunulmaktadır.

References

  • Peter Apathy/Gert Iro/Helmut Koziol (Hazırlayanlar), Österreichisches Bankvertragsrecht Band VIII: Kreditsicherheiten Teil I2, Viyana, 2012.
  • Yeşim Atamer, “Geliri ve malvarlığı olmayan aile bireylerinin kefaleti - sözleşme içeriğinin denetlenmesi”, İstanbul Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Mecmuası, Cilt LV, Sayı 3, 1997, s. 419.
  • Peter Bydlinski, Die Kreditbürgschaft im Spiegel von aktueller Judikatur und Formularpraxis2, Viyana, 2003.
  • Peter Bydlinski, “Die Sittenwidrigkeit von Haftungsverpflichtungen”, Zeitschrift für Insolvenzrecht und Kreditschutz (ZIK) 1995, s. 135.
  • Wolfgang Eigner, Interzedentenschutz unter besonderer Berücksichti- gung der Ehegattenhaftung, Viyana, 2004.
  • Irene Faber, “Das Mâföigungsrecht gemâfö § 25d KSchG”, Österreichisc- hes BankArchiv (ÖBA) 2004, s. 527.
  • Christiana Fountoulakis, “Bürgschaftsrecht - von den Hoffnungen des Gesetzgebers und was davon übrig bleibt”, Aktuelle Juristische Praxis (AJP) 2010, s. 423.
  • Georg Graf, “Der Angehörige hat alle für die Sittenwidrigkeit seiner Haf- tungsvereinbarung sprechenden Umstânde zu behaupten und beweisen.“ Österreichisches BankArchiv (ÖBA) 2000, s. 619.
  • Georg Graf, “Sittenwidrigkeit oder Reduktion der Haftung eines Interze- denten”, Österreichisches BankArchiv (ÖBA) 2001, s. 166.

THE IMMORALITY INSPECTION OF THE FINANCIALLY OVERSTRAINING SURETYSHIP AGREEMENTSIN THE LIGHT OF THE AUSTRIAN JURISPRUDENCE AND DOCTRINE

Year 2016, Volume: 74 Issue: 2, 675 - 684, 29.12.2016

Abstract

The article deals with the immorality problem of the suretyship agree- ments which financially overstrain the surety. More than twenty years ago, a great decision of the German Constitutional Court reminded the courts of what they did forget. Its intend was to remark that the freedom of decision making is more than words and the courts are obliged to pay attention to damaged freedom of decision making of the contracting parties and accordingly immorality of the agreement. Over the last two decades, following this decision, the Austrian ju- risprudence and doctrine have paid more and more attention to this problem and have made improvements in this regard. This article analyzes the Austrian immo- rality inspection and aims to offer a new solutions in the scope of Turkish Law. Initially, the legal basis of the immorality inspection of the financially overstrai- ning suretyship agreements is discussed. In this part, the general immorality clause and the unfair advantage come into consideration. Secondly, the article examines the three main criterias of the immorality. At last, the article indicates the sanctions of the immorality in civil law.


References

  • Peter Apathy/Gert Iro/Helmut Koziol (Hazırlayanlar), Österreichisches Bankvertragsrecht Band VIII: Kreditsicherheiten Teil I2, Viyana, 2012.
  • Yeşim Atamer, “Geliri ve malvarlığı olmayan aile bireylerinin kefaleti - sözleşme içeriğinin denetlenmesi”, İstanbul Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Mecmuası, Cilt LV, Sayı 3, 1997, s. 419.
  • Peter Bydlinski, Die Kreditbürgschaft im Spiegel von aktueller Judikatur und Formularpraxis2, Viyana, 2003.
  • Peter Bydlinski, “Die Sittenwidrigkeit von Haftungsverpflichtungen”, Zeitschrift für Insolvenzrecht und Kreditschutz (ZIK) 1995, s. 135.
  • Wolfgang Eigner, Interzedentenschutz unter besonderer Berücksichti- gung der Ehegattenhaftung, Viyana, 2004.
  • Irene Faber, “Das Mâföigungsrecht gemâfö § 25d KSchG”, Österreichisc- hes BankArchiv (ÖBA) 2004, s. 527.
  • Christiana Fountoulakis, “Bürgschaftsrecht - von den Hoffnungen des Gesetzgebers und was davon übrig bleibt”, Aktuelle Juristische Praxis (AJP) 2010, s. 423.
  • Georg Graf, “Der Angehörige hat alle für die Sittenwidrigkeit seiner Haf- tungsvereinbarung sprechenden Umstânde zu behaupten und beweisen.“ Österreichisches BankArchiv (ÖBA) 2000, s. 619.
  • Georg Graf, “Sittenwidrigkeit oder Reduktion der Haftung eines Interze- denten”, Österreichisches BankArchiv (ÖBA) 2001, s. 166.
There are 9 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Law in Context
Journal Section Private Law
Authors

Ahmet Hakan Dağdelen This is me

Publication Date December 29, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 74 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Dağdelen, A. H. (2016). THE IMMORALITY INSPECTION OF THE FINANCIALLY OVERSTRAINING SURETYSHIP AGREEMENTSIN THE LIGHT OF THE AUSTRIAN JURISPRUDENCE AND DOCTRINE. Journal of Istanbul University Law Faculty, 74(2), 675-684.
AMA Dağdelen AH. THE IMMORALITY INSPECTION OF THE FINANCIALLY OVERSTRAINING SURETYSHIP AGREEMENTSIN THE LIGHT OF THE AUSTRIAN JURISPRUDENCE AND DOCTRINE. Journal of Istanbul University Law Faculty. December 2016;74(2):675-684.
Chicago Dağdelen, Ahmet Hakan. “THE IMMORALITY INSPECTION OF THE FINANCIALLY OVERSTRAINING SURETYSHIP AGREEMENTSIN THE LIGHT OF THE AUSTRIAN JURISPRUDENCE AND DOCTRINE”. Journal of Istanbul University Law Faculty 74, no. 2 (December 2016): 675-84.
EndNote Dağdelen AH (December 1, 2016) THE IMMORALITY INSPECTION OF THE FINANCIALLY OVERSTRAINING SURETYSHIP AGREEMENTSIN THE LIGHT OF THE AUSTRIAN JURISPRUDENCE AND DOCTRINE. Journal of Istanbul University Law Faculty 74 2 675–684.
IEEE A. H. Dağdelen, “THE IMMORALITY INSPECTION OF THE FINANCIALLY OVERSTRAINING SURETYSHIP AGREEMENTSIN THE LIGHT OF THE AUSTRIAN JURISPRUDENCE AND DOCTRINE”, Journal of Istanbul University Law Faculty, vol. 74, no. 2, pp. 675–684, 2016.
ISNAD Dağdelen, Ahmet Hakan. “THE IMMORALITY INSPECTION OF THE FINANCIALLY OVERSTRAINING SURETYSHIP AGREEMENTSIN THE LIGHT OF THE AUSTRIAN JURISPRUDENCE AND DOCTRINE”. Journal of Istanbul University Law Faculty 74/2 (December 2016), 675-684.
JAMA Dağdelen AH. THE IMMORALITY INSPECTION OF THE FINANCIALLY OVERSTRAINING SURETYSHIP AGREEMENTSIN THE LIGHT OF THE AUSTRIAN JURISPRUDENCE AND DOCTRINE. Journal of Istanbul University Law Faculty. 2016;74:675–684.
MLA Dağdelen, Ahmet Hakan. “THE IMMORALITY INSPECTION OF THE FINANCIALLY OVERSTRAINING SURETYSHIP AGREEMENTSIN THE LIGHT OF THE AUSTRIAN JURISPRUDENCE AND DOCTRINE”. Journal of Istanbul University Law Faculty, vol. 74, no. 2, 2016, pp. 675-84.
Vancouver Dağdelen AH. THE IMMORALITY INSPECTION OF THE FINANCIALLY OVERSTRAINING SURETYSHIP AGREEMENTSIN THE LIGHT OF THE AUSTRIAN JURISPRUDENCE AND DOCTRINE. Journal of Istanbul University Law Faculty. 2016;74(2):675-84.