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LOOKING AT FAMILY PHOTOGRAPHS: READING CAMERA LUCIDA WITH MERLEAU-PONTY

Yıl 2015, Sayı: 48, 25 - 38, 10.09.2015

Öz

Camera Lucida, written by the acclaimed essayist Roland Barthes in homage to Jean-Paul Sartre is one of the most frequently cited books in visual studies. The melancholia and literary flavour of the book, which pursues for a history of ‘Looking’, is influenced strongly by Barthes’ mourning and grief of his mother, which he was unable to pass for many years, until his death in 1980. It is stated that the scope and definition of ‘punctum’ for Barthes, which relates photography strongly to temporality, death and loss, is rooted in Sartre’s view of the negative phenomenology of looking, in which the activity of looking and being looked at carries the burden of loss and lacking. This article, asserting that Barthes’ insights on photography correlates at many points with M. Merleau-Ponty rather than J. P. Sartre, departs from the experimental idea to reread Camera Lucida in guidance of the optimistic viewpoint on looking of M. Merleau-Ponty rather than J. P. Sartre. Besides enriching the discussions on photography, searching for a possible relation between Barthes and Merleau-Ponty could be considered also as an endeavour to mitigate Barthes’s grief, and in this way enable a transition between family photographs and social memory

Kaynakça

  • Barthes, R. (1977). Image, Music, Text: Roland Barthes (S. Heath, Trans.). London: Fontana Press.
  • Barthes, R. (1982). Camera Lucida: Reflections on Photography. (R. Howard, Trans.). New York: Hill and Wang. (Original work published 1980).
  • Barthes, R. (1994). Roland Barthes by Roland Barthes (R. Howard, Trans.). Berkeley: University of California Press. (Original work published 1977).
  • Barthes, R. (2009). Yazı ve Yorum: Metis Seçkileri Roland Barthes (T. Yücel, Trans.). İstanbul: Metis.
  • Benjamin, W. (1968). The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction. In H. Arendt (Ed.), Illuminations (217-251). (H. Zohn, Trans.). New York: Schocken Books.
  • Berger, J. (1972). Ways of Seeing. Harmondsworth: British Broadcasting Corporation and Penguin Books.
  • Burnett, R. (1995). Cultures of Vision. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
  • Derrida, J. (2001). The Deaths of Roland Barthes. In P.A. Brault & M. Naas (Eds.), The Work of Mourning (31-67). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Haverkamp, A. (1993). The Memory of Pictures: Roland Barthes and Augustine on Photography. Comparative Literature, 45(3), 258-279.
  • Hirsch, M. (1997). Family Frames: Photography, Narrative and Postmemory. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Jay, M. (1993). Downcast Eyes: The denigration of vision in twentieth-century French thought. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Kuhn, A. (2002). Family Secrets: Acts of Memory and Imagination. London: Verso.
  • Lury, C. (2007). Prosthetic Culture. London: Routledge.
  • Merleau-Ponty, M. (1962). Phenomenology of Perception (C. Smith, Trans.). New York: Routledge and Kegan Paul.(Original work published 1945).
  • Merleau-Ponty, M. (1964). The Film and the New Psychology. In H. L. Dreyfus and P. A. Dreyfus (Eds.), Sense and Non-Sense (48-59). Illinois: Northwestern University Press.
  • Merleau-Ponty, M. (2007). Eye and Mind. In T. Toadvine & L. Lawlor (Eds.), The Merleau-Ponty Reader (351-378). Illinois: Northwestern University Press.
  • Merleau-Ponty, M. (2004). Selection from The Visible and The Invisible. In T. Baldwin (Ed.), Mau- rice Merleau-Ponty: Basic Writings (247-271). London: Routledge.
  • Sartre, J.P. (2004). The Imaginary. A Phenomenological Psychology of the Imagination (J. Webber, Trans.). London and New York: Routledge. (Original work published 1940).
  • Sartre, J. P. (2009) Varlık ve Hiçlik. (T. Ilgaz & G.Ç. Eksen, Trans.). İstanbul: İthaki. (Original work published 1943).
  • Spence, J. (1986). Putting Myself in The Picture: A Political, Personal, and Photographic Autobiog- raphy. London: Camden Press.
  • Sontag, S. (1990) On Photography. New York: Anchor Books.

AİLE FOTOĞRAFLARINA BAKMAK: CAMERA LUCIDA’YI MERLEAU-PONTY İLE OKUMAK

Yıl 2015, Sayı: 48, 25 - 38, 10.09.2015

Öz

Deneme yazarı ve eleştirmen Roland Barthes tarafından fotoğraf üzerine yazılmış olan Camera Lucida, görsel çalışmalar alanında en fazla gönderme yapılan eserlerden biridir. Yazarın deyişiyle bir ‘Bakma’ tarihinin peşine düşen kitabın dilindeki edebi lezzet ve melankoli, önemli ölçüde Barthes’ın annesine duyduğu sevgisinden ve ölümüne kadar onu hiç terk etmeyen yas ve keder hissinden kaynaklanır. Camera Lucida Jean-Paul Sartre’ın Le’Imaginarie kitabına ithafen yazılmıştır. Nitekim Barthes’in ‘punctum’ kavramının tanımsal ve duygusal kökleri büyük ölçüde Sartre’ın negatif bakış fenomenolojisine dayanır. Sartre, bakmak ve bakılmak ilişkisini, öznenin kayıp ve eksilmenin yüküyle kurulduğu negatif bir deneyim anı olarak kavramlaştırır. Barthes’daki ‘punctum’ da benzer doğrultuda geri döndürülemez zamansallık, ölüm ve kayıp ile bağ kurar. Bu makalede, Barthes’ın fotoğrafa dönük fenomenolojik sorgusunun birçok noktada J. P. Sartre’dan ziyade M. Merleau-Ponty’nin imgelere dönük yaklaşımı ile bağ kurduğu düşüncesinden yola çıkılmış, metin Camera Lucida’yı Sartre’ın karamsar bakışı yerine, Merleau Ponty’nin optimist bakış fenomenolojisinin kılavuzluğunda yeniden okumak deneysel fikrinden hareket etmiştir. Merleau-Ponty ile Barthes arasındaki irtibatın olanaklılığını araştırmak fotoğrafa dönük tartışmaları genişletebileceği gibi, ayrıca bir yanıyla Camera Lucida’daki keder ve yas duygusunu yatıştırmayı/iyileştirmeyi denemek ve fotoğraf ile sosyal bellek arasındaki geçişi açmak çabası olarak da değerlendirilmelidir.

Kaynakça

  • Barthes, R. (1977). Image, Music, Text: Roland Barthes (S. Heath, Trans.). London: Fontana Press.
  • Barthes, R. (1982). Camera Lucida: Reflections on Photography. (R. Howard, Trans.). New York: Hill and Wang. (Original work published 1980).
  • Barthes, R. (1994). Roland Barthes by Roland Barthes (R. Howard, Trans.). Berkeley: University of California Press. (Original work published 1977).
  • Barthes, R. (2009). Yazı ve Yorum: Metis Seçkileri Roland Barthes (T. Yücel, Trans.). İstanbul: Metis.
  • Benjamin, W. (1968). The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction. In H. Arendt (Ed.), Illuminations (217-251). (H. Zohn, Trans.). New York: Schocken Books.
  • Berger, J. (1972). Ways of Seeing. Harmondsworth: British Broadcasting Corporation and Penguin Books.
  • Burnett, R. (1995). Cultures of Vision. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
  • Derrida, J. (2001). The Deaths of Roland Barthes. In P.A. Brault & M. Naas (Eds.), The Work of Mourning (31-67). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Haverkamp, A. (1993). The Memory of Pictures: Roland Barthes and Augustine on Photography. Comparative Literature, 45(3), 258-279.
  • Hirsch, M. (1997). Family Frames: Photography, Narrative and Postmemory. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Jay, M. (1993). Downcast Eyes: The denigration of vision in twentieth-century French thought. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Kuhn, A. (2002). Family Secrets: Acts of Memory and Imagination. London: Verso.
  • Lury, C. (2007). Prosthetic Culture. London: Routledge.
  • Merleau-Ponty, M. (1962). Phenomenology of Perception (C. Smith, Trans.). New York: Routledge and Kegan Paul.(Original work published 1945).
  • Merleau-Ponty, M. (1964). The Film and the New Psychology. In H. L. Dreyfus and P. A. Dreyfus (Eds.), Sense and Non-Sense (48-59). Illinois: Northwestern University Press.
  • Merleau-Ponty, M. (2007). Eye and Mind. In T. Toadvine & L. Lawlor (Eds.), The Merleau-Ponty Reader (351-378). Illinois: Northwestern University Press.
  • Merleau-Ponty, M. (2004). Selection from The Visible and The Invisible. In T. Baldwin (Ed.), Mau- rice Merleau-Ponty: Basic Writings (247-271). London: Routledge.
  • Sartre, J.P. (2004). The Imaginary. A Phenomenological Psychology of the Imagination (J. Webber, Trans.). London and New York: Routledge. (Original work published 1940).
  • Sartre, J. P. (2009) Varlık ve Hiçlik. (T. Ilgaz & G.Ç. Eksen, Trans.). İstanbul: İthaki. (Original work published 1943).
  • Spence, J. (1986). Putting Myself in The Picture: A Political, Personal, and Photographic Autobiog- raphy. London: Camden Press.
  • Sontag, S. (1990) On Photography. New York: Anchor Books.
Toplam 21 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gülsüm Depeli Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 10 Eylül 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Sayı: 48

Kaynak Göster

APA Depeli, G. (2015). LOOKING AT FAMILY PHOTOGRAPHS: READING CAMERA LUCIDA WITH MERLEAU-PONTY. İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi | Istanbul University Faculty of Communication Journal(48), 25-38.
AMA Depeli G. LOOKING AT FAMILY PHOTOGRAPHS: READING CAMERA LUCIDA WITH MERLEAU-PONTY. İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi | Istanbul University Faculty of Communication Journal. Eylül 2015;(48):25-38.
Chicago Depeli, Gülsüm. “LOOKING AT FAMILY PHOTOGRAPHS: READING CAMERA LUCIDA WITH MERLEAU-PONTY”. İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi | Istanbul University Faculty of Communication Journal, sy. 48 (Eylül 2015): 25-38.
EndNote Depeli G (01 Eylül 2015) LOOKING AT FAMILY PHOTOGRAPHS: READING CAMERA LUCIDA WITH MERLEAU-PONTY. İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi | Istanbul University Faculty of Communication Journal 48 25–38.
IEEE G. Depeli, “LOOKING AT FAMILY PHOTOGRAPHS: READING CAMERA LUCIDA WITH MERLEAU-PONTY”, İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi | Istanbul University Faculty of Communication Journal, sy. 48, ss. 25–38, Eylül 2015.
ISNAD Depeli, Gülsüm. “LOOKING AT FAMILY PHOTOGRAPHS: READING CAMERA LUCIDA WITH MERLEAU-PONTY”. İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi | Istanbul University Faculty of Communication Journal 48 (Eylül 2015), 25-38.
JAMA Depeli G. LOOKING AT FAMILY PHOTOGRAPHS: READING CAMERA LUCIDA WITH MERLEAU-PONTY. İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi | Istanbul University Faculty of Communication Journal. 2015;:25–38.
MLA Depeli, Gülsüm. “LOOKING AT FAMILY PHOTOGRAPHS: READING CAMERA LUCIDA WITH MERLEAU-PONTY”. İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi | Istanbul University Faculty of Communication Journal, sy. 48, 2015, ss. 25-38.
Vancouver Depeli G. LOOKING AT FAMILY PHOTOGRAPHS: READING CAMERA LUCIDA WITH MERLEAU-PONTY. İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi | Istanbul University Faculty of Communication Journal. 2015(48):25-38.