RUSYA'DA SERBEST PİYASA EKONOMİSİNE GEÇİŞ SÜRECİ ve 2008 KÜRESEL KRİZİ

Abstract

Sanayileşmiş Avrupa ülkeleri ile karşılaştırıldığında Rusya ekonomisinin bugünkü küresel krizden neden onlar kadar etkilenmediğinin cevabı oldukça önemlidir. 1990’lı yılların başlarında piyasalarını hızla serbestleştiren Rusya, günümüze kadar gelen süreçte ekonomisinde serbest rekabeti engelleyici mekanizmaları kısmen de olsa kaldırmayı başarabilmiştir. 2000’li yıllarla birlikte Rusya yönetimi, enerji kaynaklarına bağlı ekonomik çıkar ve araçların dış politikada temel öncelik olarak değerlendirildiği yeni bir döneme girmiştir. Bu dönemde Rusya bir taraftan dünya ile entegre olabilmek adına pazar ekonomisi şartlarını sağlamaya çalışırken, diğer taraftan enerji kaynaklarına bağımlı ekonomik büyümesini sürdürülebilir kılmak için uğraşmaktadır. Ancak bu süreç incelendiğinde Rusya’daki serbest piyasa algısının sorgulanmasının gerekli olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Çalışmada öncelikle geçiş ekonomileri için literatürde yapılan teorik tespitler ele alınarak geçişteki yöntem farklılıkları tartışılacaktır. Tüm geçiş ülkelerinin genel makroekonomik değerlendirmesinden sonra Rusya ekonomisinin geçiş dönemleri boyunca uyguladığı politikalar ve sonuçları dört başlık altında değerlendirilecek ve nihayet küresel krizin Rusya ekonomisine etkileri ortaya konacaktır.

Keywords

• Rusya, Geçiş ekonomileri, Global kriz, Serbest piyasa ekonomisi, Enerji

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