Ottoman State firstly assessed the entrepreneurs of artificial ice production, within privilege system. Later when the availability of ice production machines increased, Ottoman State also permitted to found ice factories out of privilege system. But in this article, artificial ice producers within privilege system are the main target. In this system, state granted monopoly rights to entrepreneurs under specific conditions, for factory production. For the beginning point of the article, establishment reasons of privilege system will be explained. Later main principles of privilege system will be mentioned, with some examples of other sectors. At the last, privileged ice industry enterprises will be evaluated within three headlines. When privileged ice factory founders were mentioned, their demands and interviews with government were narrated. Later privilege contracts which were regulated newly establishing industrial plants were compared. At the last, entrepreneurs’ activities were mentioned during post privilege period, with their successes and failures. For three enterprises in ice production sector, Salim Ağa and partnership in İzmir could found factories and companies. But Numan Efendi who was the last privilege owner did not put planned factories into practice
ÖZET
Osmanlı Devleti suni buz üretiminde faaliyette bulunacak girişimcileri,
öncelikle imtiyaz sistemi içerisinde ele almıştır. Daha sonra buz üretim
makinelerinin ulaşılabilirliği artınca, Osmanlı Devleti imtiyaz sisteminin
dışında da buz fabrikaları kurulmasına izin vermiştir. Fakat bu makalede
imtiyaz sistemi içerisindeki, suni buz üreticileri temel hedeftir. Bu sistemde
devlet girişimcilere, belirli şartlar altında fabrikasyon üretim için tekel
hakkı tanımaktaydı. Makaleye başlangıç noktası olarak, imtiyaz sisteminin
doğuş sebepleri açıklanacaktır. Daha sonraysa farklı sektörlerden verilen
örneklerle, imtiyaz sisteminin ana ilkelerinden bahsedilecektir. En sonundaysa
imtiyazlı buz sanayii girişimleri, üç ayrı başlık altında incelenecektir.
İmtiyazlı buz fabrikası kurmak isteyenlerden bahsedilirken, önce girişimcilerin
talepleri ve devlet kademesi ile yaptıkları görüşmelerden bahsedilmiştir.
Daha sonraysa kurulacak sanayi tesisleriyle ilgili şartları düzenleyen,
imtiyaz mukavelenameleri karşılaştırılmıştır. En sonundaysa imtiyaz
sonrası girişimcilerin, başarı ve başarısızlıklarıyla birlikte faaliyetlerinden
bahsedilecektir. Buz üretimi sektöründeki üç girişimden Salim Ağa ve İzmir’deki
ortaklık, fabrika ve şirket kurmayı başarmıştır. Fakat son imtiyaz
sahibi olan Numan Efendi, planladığı fabrikaları fiiliyata geçirememiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: buz, fabrika, piyasa düzenlemesi, imtiyaz sistemi,
mukavelename.
OTTOMAN PRIVILEGE SYSTEM WITHIN THE EXAMPLE OF ICE INDUSTRY
ABSTRACT
Ottoman State firstly assessed the entrepreneurs of artificial ice
production, within privilege system. Later when the availability of ice
production machines increased, Ottoman State also permitted to found ice
factories out of privilege system. But in this article, artificial ice producers
within privilege system are the main target. In this system, state granted monopoly rights to entrepreneurs under specific conditions, for factory production. For the beginning point of the article, establishment reasons of privilege system will be explained. Later main principles of privilege
system will be mentioned, with some examples of other sectors. At the last,
privileged ice industry enterprises will be evaluated within three headlines.
When privileged ice factory founders were mentioned, their demands and
interviews with government were narrated. Later privilege contracts which
were regulated newly establishing industrial plants were compared. At the
last, entrepreneurs’ activities were mentioned during post privilege period,
with their successes and failures. For three enterprises in ice production
sector, Salim Ağa and partnership in İzmir could found factories and
companies. But Numan Efendi who was the last privilege owner did not
put planned factories into practice.
Key Words: ice, factory, market setting, privilege system, contract.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Journal Section | Articles |
Authors | |
Publication Date | August 31, 2015 |
Published in Issue | Year 2014 Volume: 64 Issue: 2 |