Küresel İdare Hukuku Üzerine Süregelen Tartışmalar: Bir Literatür İncelemesi

Year 2022, , 41 - 65, 10.07.2023

Kamala Valiyeva , Yucel Ogurlu , Nurhan Yaprak

https://doi.org/10.26650/ihid.21.003

Abstract

Küresel İdare Hukuku (KİH) çalışmaları, geleneksel devlet merkezli yönetim ve idare hukuku yaklaşımına karşı artan muhalefetten ortaya çıkmıştır. KİH perspektifine göre, küresel düzenleyici rejimlerin hızla çoğaldığı bir ortamda, ulusdevletler kaçınılmaz olarak mevcut ulusal yasal alanın, devlet kurumlarının ve idarenin dar veya içe dönük yapısını daha fazla dışa dönük bir yapıya dönüştürecektir. Böyle bir yaklaşım, devlet merkezli paradigmanın yerine küreselci bir modellin geçeceğini öngörmektedir. Dahası, bu model içinde devlet egemenliğinin sınırlanmasıyla birlikte küresel düzenleyici rejimler aracılığıyla devletlerin küresel erişim kapasitesinin artacağı savunulmaktadır. Bu çerçevede mevcut kapsamlı literatürün incelenmesine dayanan makale, ortaya çıkan KİH çalışmalarının ana bağlamını, klasik hukuk yaklaşımları ve ilkeleri açısından yarattığı tartışmaları ve temel sorunları tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde KİH projesinin ortaya çıkışı, “devlet merkezli yönetimden” “ulusüstü” ya da “ulusötesi” bir yönetime evirilen değişim ve bu kapsamda ortaya çıkan tartışmalar ele alınacaktır. Bu noktada, ayrıca, “dünya devleti” ile “dünya hükümeti” üzerine gelişen tartışmaların, ulus-devletlerin ve egemen yetkilerini sınırlamaya yönelik bir tuzak olma potansiyeli irdelenecektir. KİH çalışmalarının devlet ve egemenlik kavramlarının dönüşümü üzerindeki etkisinin neler olduğu tartışmalarının yanı sıra küresel idare hukuku bağlamında ortaya çıkan meşruiyet sorunu irdelenecektir. Makalenin ikinci bölümü, KİH üzerine gelişen akademik çalışmaların temel sorunlarının ve teorik kaygılarının neler olduğunun belirlenmesine odaklanacaktır. Bu doğrultuda makale, öncelikle küresel yönetişimin gelişmesiyle yeni bir boyut kazanan “ulusal idare hukuku” ile “uluslararası idare hukuku” ikiliğini inceleyecektir. Ardından KİH projesini tetikleyen ana etkenler tespit edilecektir. Bu çerçevede “küresel idare” ve “küresel idari alan”, “küresel hukuk” ve “küresel hukuk alanı” gibi kavramlar ana hatlarıyla açıklanacaktır.

Keywords

Küresel idare hukuku, Küresel hukuk, Küresel idare, Küresel hukuk alanı, Yönetişim, Egemenlik, Global administrative law, Global law, Global administration, Global legal space, Governance, sovereignty

Current Discussions on the Emerging Global Administrative Law: A Literature Review

Abstract

Global administrative law (GAL) studies have emerged from the growing opposition to the traditional state-centered administration and administrative legal approach. According to the GAL perspective, nation-states will inevitably transform the narrow or inward-oriented structure of the existing national legal space, state institutions, and administration into a more outward-looking construction under the circumstances of the proliferating global regulatory regimes. Such an approach envisions the replacement of the state-centered paradigm with a globalist model that will allow states to ensure their global reach. Against this backdrop, the current paper aims to determine the prime context of the emerging GAL studies, the debates they have generated in terms of classical legal approaches and principles, and the main issues they attempt to address as a nascent discipline based upon an examination of the extensive current literature. The first section of the study will discuss the emergence of the GAL project within the scope of the evolving shift from a state-centered administration to a supra-national or transnational administration. In this sense, this section will appraise the quintessence of the dichotomy between world state and world government. Furthermore, this section of the paper will scrutinize the potential such discussions have to constitute a trap for nation-states by constraining their sovereign prerogatives. In addition to examining the consequences GAL studies have had on transforming the conventional concepts of state and sovereignty, this paper will also dissect the issue of legitimacy in the context of global administrative law. The second section of the paper will identify the main issues and theoretical concerns of the evolving scholarship on GAL. In so doing, the paper will examine the dichotomy between national administrative law and international administrative law, which acquires a new dimension alongside the development of global governance. Subsequently, the article will elucidate upon the main factors that triggered the GAL project and will briefly outline within this framework, the concepts of global administration, global administrative space, global law, and global legal space.

Keywords

Global administrative law, Global law, Global administration, Global legal space, Governance, sovereignty

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