Research Article

How Does Digital Banking-Driven Financial Inclusion Affect Income Inequality in Türkiye?

Volume: 10 Number: 2 August 2, 2023
TR EN

How Does Digital Banking-Driven Financial Inclusion Affect Income Inequality in Türkiye?

Abstract

This study empirically investigates the impact financial inclusion through digital banking channels has on income inequality in Türkiye using quarterly data for the 2011:Q1-2021:Q4 period. The study uses the Gini index to measure the dependent variable of income inequality and employs two variables as proxies for digital banking. The first variable is the share of the investment volume in the total financial transaction volume made by retail customers through Internet banking. The second variable is a factor constructed based on the transaction volume per unitof main items under financial transactions. The study relies on time series approaches to test whether digital banking-driven financial inclusion has a significant impact on income inequality in Türkiye. As for the empirical evidence, the study employs the dynamic ordinary least squares method to obtain long-run coefficients, a vector autoregressive model to obtain short-run dynamics through impulse response functions with biascorrected bootstrap confidence intervals that account for the bias and skewness of the small sample, and a causality analysis. The findings show that digital financial inclusion has a widening impact on income inequality. Regarding the dynamic interactions, the Gini coefficient has been discovered to increase in response to digital banking innovations. The findings also reveal digital banking to have a forecasting ability on income inequality in Türkiye regarding the sample period.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Economics

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

August 2, 2023

Submission Date

December 31, 2022

Acceptance Date

February 12, 2023

Published in Issue

Year 2023 Volume: 10 Number: 2

APA
Usta, A. (2023). How Does Digital Banking-Driven Financial Inclusion Affect Income Inequality in Türkiye? İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(2), 505-523. https://izlik.org/JA49HP89EP
AMA
1.Usta A. How Does Digital Banking-Driven Financial Inclusion Affect Income Inequality in Türkiye? JEPR. 2023;10(2):505-523. https://izlik.org/JA49HP89EP
Chicago
Usta, Ahmet. 2023. “How Does Digital Banking-Driven Financial Inclusion Affect Income Inequality in Türkiye?”. İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi 10 (2): 505-23. https://izlik.org/JA49HP89EP.
EndNote
Usta A (August 1, 2023) How Does Digital Banking-Driven Financial Inclusion Affect Income Inequality in Türkiye? İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi 10 2 505–523.
IEEE
[1]A. Usta, “How Does Digital Banking-Driven Financial Inclusion Affect Income Inequality in Türkiye?”, JEPR, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 505–523, Aug. 2023, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA49HP89EP
ISNAD
Usta, Ahmet. “How Does Digital Banking-Driven Financial Inclusion Affect Income Inequality in Türkiye?”. İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi 10/2 (August 1, 2023): 505-523. https://izlik.org/JA49HP89EP.
JAMA
1.Usta A. How Does Digital Banking-Driven Financial Inclusion Affect Income Inequality in Türkiye? JEPR. 2023;10:505–523.
MLA
Usta, Ahmet. “How Does Digital Banking-Driven Financial Inclusion Affect Income Inequality in Türkiye?”. İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 10, no. 2, Aug. 2023, pp. 505-23, https://izlik.org/JA49HP89EP.
Vancouver
1.Ahmet Usta. How Does Digital Banking-Driven Financial Inclusion Affect Income Inequality in Türkiye? JEPR [Internet]. 2023 Aug. 1;10(2):505-23. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA49HP89EP