Abstract
ÖZET
Devletler, vatandaşlara ve işletmelere, kamu kaynaklarını kullanarak, çeşitli amaçlar doğrultusunda birçok hizmet sunmaktadır. Sunulan hizmetler kapsamında harcanan kamu kaynaklarının etkili kullanılması gerektiği gibi, aynı zamanda bu kaynaklarının doğru amaçlar uğrunda mı kullanıldığı ve belirlenen amaçlara ulaşılması için daha iyi yollar bulunup bulunmadığı da tespit edilmelidir.
Değerlendirme, bir politika, program veya proje sayesinde elde edilenlerin, başlangıçtaki beklentilere dayalı olarak incelenmesi amacıyla yapılan ve bu inceleme yoluyla kazanılan derslerin karar verme süreçlerine aktarılmasını sağlamak için yürütülen çalışmalar bütünüdür.
Etkin bir değerlendirme mekanizması olmaksızın, tüm dünyada, ekonomilerin belkemiği olarak kabul edilen KOBİ’lere aktarılan desteklerin etkinliği ve etkililiği tespit edilemeyeceği gibi, gelecek programların tasarımında da kanıta dayalı hareket edilemez. Bu nedenle, Devlet tarafından KOBİ’lere yönelik olarak uygulanan destek programlarının sistematik olarak değerlendirilmesi, büyük önem taşımaktadır.
Bu çalışmada, çeşitli boyutlarıyla değerlendirme kavramı tanıtılarak, sonuç odaklı bir izleme ve değerlendirme sistemine neden ihtiyaç duyulduğu ve böyle bir sistemin faydaları ele alınmıştır.
Netice itibarıyla, ulaşılan tüm bilgiler ve yapılan incelemeler ışığında, KOBİ’ler için kamu kaynaklarının kullanılmasında etkinliğin ve şeffaflığın sağlanması ile hesap verebilir bir kamu yönetimi anlayışının tesisi için değerlendirmenin kaçınılmaz olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Anahtar kelimeler: Değerlendirme, KOBİ, Destek Programı, Sonuç Odaklı İzleme, Cennete Altı Adım Yaklaşımı
EVALUATION NOTION AND THE IMPORTANCE OF AN EVALUATION OF GOVERNMENT’S SUPPORT TO SMEs
ABSTRACT
Governments provide lots of services for citizens and also for SMEs by using public resources in the direction of various purposes. The public funding should be spent in an efficient way within the context of these services. Also, It should be confirmed whether these resources have been spent for the right purposes or not. And also, It should be checked that if there are any other and better ways to reach these purposes.
Evaluation is a set of activities which is aimed to examine the outturn of a policy, programme or project against what was expected in the beginning. And it is designed to ensure that the lessons learned are fed back into the decision-making process.
Without an effective evaluation mechanism, it is not possible to determine whether the supports which are transferred to SMEs which are regarded as backbones of all economies over the world, are effective and efficient. And also it is impossible to act in an evidence-based manner when designing new programs without an effective evaluation mechanism. Therefore, it is extremely important to be evaluated systematically Government’s SME support programs.
In this study, various aspects of evaluation notion have been introduced and it has been discussed that why there is a need for a result based monitoring and evaluation system and the benefits of such a system. In addition, some information has imparted to establish an idea about how it can be possible to evaluate SME support programs. By embarking on a digression about impact evaluation, some basic information has been given about these Impact Evaluation studies.
Consequently, in the light of all reached information and the researches done, It is deduced that evaluation is indispensable to provide efficiency and transparency for the use of public resources for SMEs and to institute an accountable public management philosophy.
Key Words: Evaluation, SME, Support Program, Result Based Monitoring, Six
Step to Heaven Framework
References
- Austrian Development Agency (2009), Guidelines for Project and Programme Evaluations, Avusturya
- Avrupa Birliği (2005), Evaluation Of EU Activities, Belçika
- Avrupa Birliği (2006), Methodological Bases For Evaluation, Fransa
- Baker, Judy L. (2000), Evaluating the Impact of Development Projects on Poverty A Handbook for Practitioners, ABD
- Canadian International Development Agency (2004), CIDA Evaluation Guide, Kanada
- Carol H. Weiss (2004), Identifying The Intended Use(s) Of An Evaluation, Kanada
- Department for International Development (2005), Guidance on Evaluation and Review for DFID Staff, İngiltere
- EIM Business & Policy Research (2004), Review of methods to measure the effectiveness of state aid to SMEs, Hollanda
- Fitzpatrick, J.L. ve ark. (2004), Program Evaluation: Alternative Approaches And Practical Guidelines, ABD
- Genç, Kazim (2012), “Değerlendirme Kavramı ve KOSGEB İçin Bir Sistem Önerisi”, KOBİ Uzmanlık Tezi, Ankara
- Güran, M.Cahit ve Selçuk Cingi (2002), “Devletin Ekonomik Müdahalelerinin Etkinliği”, Akdeniz Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, Antalya
- Hallberg, Kristin. (2000), A Market-Oriented Strategy for Small and Medium Scale Enterprises, ABD
- Ilgın, Yılmaz (2010), Ortak Portföy Performans Gözden Geçirme Çalıştayı Sunumu, Ankara
- IPDET-International Program for Development Evaluation Training (2007), Building Skills to Evaluate Development Interventions, Kanada
- Karagöz, Nalan (2010), İyi Uygulama Örnekleri Çerçevesinde Türkiye’de İzleme ve Değerlendirme Sisteminin Uygulanabilirliği, Ankara
- Kusek, J.Z. ve Rist, C.R. (2004), Ten Steps to a Results-Based Monitoring and Evaluation System, ABD
- Lengrand, Louis & Associés (2006), A Study for DG Enterprise and Industry, Avrupa Birliği, Smart Innovation – Supporting the Monitoring and Evaluation of Innovation Programmes, Lüksemburg
- López-Acevedo Gladys ve Hong W. Tan (2011), Impact Evaluation Evaluation of Small and Medium Enterprise Programs in Latin America and the Caribbean, ABD
- Northwest Health Foundation-NWHF (2005), Program Evaluation: Principles and Practices, ABD
- National Science Foundation-NSF (2010), The 2010 User-Friendly Handbook for Project Evaluation, ABD
- OECD (1991), DAC Principles For The Evaluation Of Development Assistance, Fransa
- OECD (2004), Evaluating Local Economic And Employment Development: How To Assess What Works Among Programmes And Policies, Fransa
- OECD (2007), Framework for the Evaluation of SME and Entrepreneurship Policies and Programmesk, Fransa
- OECD (2010), Glossary of Key Terms in Evaluation and Results Based Management, Fransa
- Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (2004), Peer Review Guide, ABD
- Oldsman, Eric ve Krisitin Hallberg (2003), Framework for Evaluating the Impact of Small Enterprise Initiatives, ABD
- Osborne, David ve Ted Gaebler (1992), Reinventing Government, ABD
- Öztürk, Serdar (2004), Avrupa Birliği Kaynaklı Proje ve Programların İzleme ve Değerlendirmesi, Ankara
- Patton, M. Quinn (1997), Utilization-Focused Evaluation, ABD
- Premchand, Agripudi (1996), Issues and New Directions in Public Expenditure Management, ABD
- Preskill, Hallie ve Darlene Russ-Eft (2004), Building Evaluation Capacity: 72 Activities for Teaching and Training, ABD
- Rossi, Peter Henry, Mark W. Lipsey ve Howard E. Freeman (2004), Evaluation: A Systematic Approach, ABD
- Sakal, Mustafa ve Elif Ayşe Şahin (2008), “Kamu Kurumlarında Performans Ölçümü ve Sayıştay Denetimi İlişkisi: Türkiye’deki Düzenlemeler Bakımından Bir Değerlendirme”, Sayıştay Dergisi, Ankara
- Sarı, V. İdris (2010), Proje Döngüsü Yönetiminde Etkililik Değerlendirmesi, Ankara
- Scriven, Michael (1991), Evaluation Thesaurus, ABD
- Storey, David J. (1998), “Six Steps To Heaven: Evaluating the Impact of Public Policies to Support Small Businesses in Developed Economies”, Warwick Business School Working Paper, İngiltere
- Storey, David J. (2004), “Promoting Entrepreneurship And Innovative SMEs In A Global Economy: Towards A More Responsible And Inclusive Globalisation Conference”, Evaluation Of SME Policies And Programmes, İstanbul
- Storey, David J. (2008), Entrepreneurship And SME Policy, İngiltere
- Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (2004), Evaluation Manual, 2nd revised edition, İsveç
- Tan, Hong W. (2009), “Evaluating SME Support Programs in Chile Using Panel Firm Data”, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, ABD
- Technopolis (2010), Değerlendirme Eğitimi Sunumları, Ankara
- Technopolis (2010), KOSGEB Destek Sistemi Değerlendirme Raporu, Ankara
- Theodoulou, Stella ve Chris Kofinis (2004), The Art Of The Game: Understanding American Public Policy Making, ABD
- Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat (2004), Evaluation Guidebook for Small Agencies, Kanada
- Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat (2010), Program Evaluation Methods, Third Edition, Kanada
- Trofin, Laura (2012), Kalkınma Bakanlığı Değerlendirme Eğitimi-Modül 2C, Ankara UK HM Treasury (2011), Green Book: Appraisal and Evaluation in Central Government, İngiltere
- UNDP (2000), Programming Manual, ABD
- United Way of Winnipeg (2007), Program Outcome Evaluations, Kanada
- University of Wisconsin (2003), Enhancing Program Performance with Logic Models, ABD
- University of Wisconsin (2008), Developing A Logic Model: Teaching And Training Guide, ABD
- İNTERNET KAYNAKLARI International Program for Development Evaluation Training İnternet Sitesi, http://www.ipdet.org/ (19.06.2012)
- EU Structural Funds in Poland İnternet Sitesi, http://www.funduszestrukturalne.gov.pl/ (02012)
Abstract
Governments provide lots of services for citizens and also for SMEs by using public resources in the direction of various purposes. The public funding should be spent in an efficient way within the context of these services. Also, It should be confirmed whether these resources have been spent for the right purposes or not. And also, It should be checked that if there are any other and better ways to reach these purposes. Evaluation is a set of activities which is aimed to examine the outturn of a policy, programme or project against what was expected in the beginning. And it is designed to ensure that the lessons learned are fed back into the decision-making process. Without an effective evaluation mechanism, it is not possible to determine whether the supports which are transferred to SMEs which are regarded as backbones of all economies over the world, are effective and efficient. And also it is impossible to act in an evidence-based manner when designing new programs without an effective evaluation mechanism. Therefore, it is extremely important to be evaluated systematically Government’s SME support programs. In this study, various aspects of evaluation notion have been introduced and it has been discussed that why there is a need for a result based monitoring and evaluation system and the benefits of such a system. In addition, some information has imparted to establish an idea about how it can be possible to evaluate SME support programs. By embarking on a digression about impact evaluation, some basic information has been given about these Impact Evaluation studies. Consequently, in the light of all reached information and the researches done, It is deduced that evaluation is indispensable to provide efficiency and transparency for the use of public resources for SMEs and to institute an accountable public management philosophy.
References
- Austrian Development Agency (2009), Guidelines for Project and Programme Evaluations, Avusturya
- Avrupa Birliği (2005), Evaluation Of EU Activities, Belçika
- Avrupa Birliği (2006), Methodological Bases For Evaluation, Fransa
- Baker, Judy L. (2000), Evaluating the Impact of Development Projects on Poverty A Handbook for Practitioners, ABD
- Canadian International Development Agency (2004), CIDA Evaluation Guide, Kanada
- Carol H. Weiss (2004), Identifying The Intended Use(s) Of An Evaluation, Kanada
- Department for International Development (2005), Guidance on Evaluation and Review for DFID Staff, İngiltere
- EIM Business & Policy Research (2004), Review of methods to measure the effectiveness of state aid to SMEs, Hollanda
- Fitzpatrick, J.L. ve ark. (2004), Program Evaluation: Alternative Approaches And Practical Guidelines, ABD
- Genç, Kazim (2012), “Değerlendirme Kavramı ve KOSGEB İçin Bir Sistem Önerisi”, KOBİ Uzmanlık Tezi, Ankara
- Güran, M.Cahit ve Selçuk Cingi (2002), “Devletin Ekonomik Müdahalelerinin Etkinliği”, Akdeniz Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, Antalya
- Hallberg, Kristin. (2000), A Market-Oriented Strategy for Small and Medium Scale Enterprises, ABD
- Ilgın, Yılmaz (2010), Ortak Portföy Performans Gözden Geçirme Çalıştayı Sunumu, Ankara
- IPDET-International Program for Development Evaluation Training (2007), Building Skills to Evaluate Development Interventions, Kanada
- Karagöz, Nalan (2010), İyi Uygulama Örnekleri Çerçevesinde Türkiye’de İzleme ve Değerlendirme Sisteminin Uygulanabilirliği, Ankara
- Kusek, J.Z. ve Rist, C.R. (2004), Ten Steps to a Results-Based Monitoring and Evaluation System, ABD
- Lengrand, Louis & Associés (2006), A Study for DG Enterprise and Industry, Avrupa Birliği, Smart Innovation – Supporting the Monitoring and Evaluation of Innovation Programmes, Lüksemburg
- López-Acevedo Gladys ve Hong W. Tan (2011), Impact Evaluation Evaluation of Small and Medium Enterprise Programs in Latin America and the Caribbean, ABD
- Northwest Health Foundation-NWHF (2005), Program Evaluation: Principles and Practices, ABD
- National Science Foundation-NSF (2010), The 2010 User-Friendly Handbook for Project Evaluation, ABD
- OECD (1991), DAC Principles For The Evaluation Of Development Assistance, Fransa
- OECD (2004), Evaluating Local Economic And Employment Development: How To Assess What Works Among Programmes And Policies, Fransa
- OECD (2007), Framework for the Evaluation of SME and Entrepreneurship Policies and Programmesk, Fransa
- OECD (2010), Glossary of Key Terms in Evaluation and Results Based Management, Fransa
- Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (2004), Peer Review Guide, ABD
- Oldsman, Eric ve Krisitin Hallberg (2003), Framework for Evaluating the Impact of Small Enterprise Initiatives, ABD
- Osborne, David ve Ted Gaebler (1992), Reinventing Government, ABD
- Öztürk, Serdar (2004), Avrupa Birliği Kaynaklı Proje ve Programların İzleme ve Değerlendirmesi, Ankara
- Patton, M. Quinn (1997), Utilization-Focused Evaluation, ABD
- Premchand, Agripudi (1996), Issues and New Directions in Public Expenditure Management, ABD
- Preskill, Hallie ve Darlene Russ-Eft (2004), Building Evaluation Capacity: 72 Activities for Teaching and Training, ABD
- Rossi, Peter Henry, Mark W. Lipsey ve Howard E. Freeman (2004), Evaluation: A Systematic Approach, ABD
- Sakal, Mustafa ve Elif Ayşe Şahin (2008), “Kamu Kurumlarında Performans Ölçümü ve Sayıştay Denetimi İlişkisi: Türkiye’deki Düzenlemeler Bakımından Bir Değerlendirme”, Sayıştay Dergisi, Ankara
- Sarı, V. İdris (2010), Proje Döngüsü Yönetiminde Etkililik Değerlendirmesi, Ankara
- Scriven, Michael (1991), Evaluation Thesaurus, ABD
- Storey, David J. (1998), “Six Steps To Heaven: Evaluating the Impact of Public Policies to Support Small Businesses in Developed Economies”, Warwick Business School Working Paper, İngiltere
- Storey, David J. (2004), “Promoting Entrepreneurship And Innovative SMEs In A Global Economy: Towards A More Responsible And Inclusive Globalisation Conference”, Evaluation Of SME Policies And Programmes, İstanbul
- Storey, David J. (2008), Entrepreneurship And SME Policy, İngiltere
- Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (2004), Evaluation Manual, 2nd revised edition, İsveç
- Tan, Hong W. (2009), “Evaluating SME Support Programs in Chile Using Panel Firm Data”, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, ABD
- Technopolis (2010), Değerlendirme Eğitimi Sunumları, Ankara
- Technopolis (2010), KOSGEB Destek Sistemi Değerlendirme Raporu, Ankara
- Theodoulou, Stella ve Chris Kofinis (2004), The Art Of The Game: Understanding American Public Policy Making, ABD
- Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat (2004), Evaluation Guidebook for Small Agencies, Kanada
- Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat (2010), Program Evaluation Methods, Third Edition, Kanada
- Trofin, Laura (2012), Kalkınma Bakanlığı Değerlendirme Eğitimi-Modül 2C, Ankara UK HM Treasury (2011), Green Book: Appraisal and Evaluation in Central Government, İngiltere
- UNDP (2000), Programming Manual, ABD
- United Way of Winnipeg (2007), Program Outcome Evaluations, Kanada
- University of Wisconsin (2003), Enhancing Program Performance with Logic Models, ABD
- University of Wisconsin (2008), Developing A Logic Model: Teaching And Training Guide, ABD
- İNTERNET KAYNAKLARI International Program for Development Evaluation Training İnternet Sitesi, http://www.ipdet.org/ (19.06.2012)
- EU Structural Funds in Poland İnternet Sitesi, http://www.funduszestrukturalne.gov.pl/ (02012)
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Makaleler |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | July 2, 2014 |
| Submission Date | July 2, 2014 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2014 Volume: 1 Issue: 2 |