Bireylerin Elektronik Para Tutumlarının Teknoloji Kabul Modeli Çerçevesinde İncelenmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 475 - 494, 29.07.2022

Ayşen Bakkaloğlu , Yavuz Toraman

https://doi.org/10.26650/JEPR1099057

Abstract

Gelişen teknoloji, hayatın her alanında olduğu gibi ekonomik
faaliyetlerde de kendini göstermektedir. Zamanın artan marjinal
maliyeti, birçok konuda olduğu gibi ekonomik faaliyetlerin de hızlı bir
şekilde tamamlanmasını gerekli kılmaktadır. Tüketicilerin günümüzde
iktisadi faaliyetler sırasında sergiledikleri davranışlarının anlaşılmasında
elektronik para konusundaki tutumlarının da anlaşılması büyük önem
arz etmektedir. Çalışmamızda, Türkiye’de elektronik para uygulamalarının
bireyler nezdindeki durumunun, elektronik parayla ilgili tutumlarının ve
bireylerin elektronik para kullanımına ilişkin yaklaşımlarının Teknoloji
Kabul Modeli (TKM) çerçevesinde incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın
örneklemi İstanbul’da yaşayan yüksek lisans ve üstü eğitim düzeyine
sahip, e-para konusunda bilgili ve finans sektöründe faaliyet gösteren
şirketlerde çalışan 165 bireydir. Çalışma korelasyon analizi, yol analizi,
hipotez testleri ve R² analizleri uygulanarak, kurulan hipotezlerin
desteklendiği görülmüştür. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen bulgularda
TKM çerçevesinde e-para uygulamalarına ilişkin algılanan kullanım
kolaylığının, bireylerin elde edecekleri fayda algılarını ve kullanma
niyetlerini pozitif bir şekilde etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Bireylerin
kullanma niyetlerini etkileyen bir diğer faktör algıladıkları fayda olarak
belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Elektronik para, e-ticaret, planlı davranış teorisi, teknoloji kabul modeli, tüketici davranışı

Supporting Institution

Nişantaşı Üniversitesi

Examining Individuals’ Attitudes Toward Electronic Money in the Framework of the Technology Acceptance Model

Abstract

Technological developments manifest themselves in economic activities
as well as in all areas of life. The ever-increasing marginal cost of time
necessitates the rapid completion of economic activities, as with many
other issues. Understanding consumers’ attitudes toward e-money is
greatly important for being able to understand the behaviors exhibited during today’s economic activities because almost every area of life has become digital now, and many transactions
have started being carried out by methods other than physical money. This study aims to examine the status of
e-money applications in Turkey, individuals’ attitudes toward e-money there, and their approaches to using it within
the framework of the technology acceptance model (TAM). Within the framework of the research, a survey study has
been carried out with the participation of 165 people residing in Istanbul who have a master’s degree education level or
higher, who are knowledgeable about e-money, and who work in companies operating in the finance sector. The data
obtained from the surveys revealed results by respectively completing reliability and validity analyses and by applying
correlation and path analyses, forming hypotheses, and conducting R² analyses. The study results have determined
the perceived ease-of-use regarding e-money applications, especially within the framework of TAM, to positively affect
individuals’ perceptions regarding its benefits and their intentions to use it. Perceived benefit is also another factor that
was found to affect individuals’ intentions to use e-money.

Keywords

Electronic money, e-money, consumer behavior, planned behavior theory, technology acceptance model

References

• Afrifa-Mintah, K. (2016). The effect of advertising on the purchasing behavior of bank customers: A case study of E-zwich. Doctoral Dissertation, School of Business, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi. google scholar
• Afthanorhan, W. M. A. B. W. (2013). A comparison of partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and covariance based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) for confirmatory factor analysis. International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology (IJESIT), 2(5), 198-205. google scholar
• Aji, H. M., Berakon, I., & Husin, M. M. (2020). COVID-19 and e-wallet usage intention: A multigroup analysis between Indonesia and Malaysia. Cogent Business & Management, 7(1), 10-12. google scholar
• Akinci, S., Aksoy, Ş. & Atilgan, E. (2004). Adoption of Internet banking among sophisticated consumer segments in an advanced developing country. International Journal ofBank Marketing, 22(3), 212-232. google scholar
• Al-Laham, M., Al-Tarwneh, H., & Abdallat, N. (2009). Development of electronic money and its impact on the central bank role and monetary policy. Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, 6, 339-349. google scholar
• Atmaja, N. P. C. D., & Puspitawati, N. M. D. (2022). Antecedents of using electronic money application on technology communication during covid-19 pandemi. International Journal of Communication and Society, 4(1), 72-81. google scholar
• Bagozzi, R.P., & Yi,Y. (1998). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1),74-94. google scholar
• Bandiera, L. (2004). Monetary policy, monetary areas, and financial development with electronic money. DC, Washington: International Monetary Fund, Working Paper No. 04/122. google scholar
• Bauer, J.L., & Masella, M. (2008). System and method of operating a debit card reward program. U.S. Patent 7,392,224. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. JPMorgan Chase Bank NA. google scholar
• Bayero, M. A. (2015). Effects of Cashless Economy Policy on financial inclusion in Nigeria: An exploratory study. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 172, 49-56. google scholar
• Chin,W.W. (1998).Issues and opinion on structural equation modeling. MIS Quarterly, 2281, 7-16. google scholar
• Cohen, B. J. (2001). Electronic money: new day or false dawn? Review of International Political Economy, 8(2), 197-225. google scholar
• Çakmur, H. (2012). Araştırmalarda Ölçme-Güvenirlik-Geçerlilik. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 11 (3), 339343. google scholar
• Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 319-340. google scholar
• Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1989). User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science, 35(8), 982-1003. google scholar
• Doğan, M., Rana, Ş., & Yılmaz, V. (2015). İnternet bankacılığına ilişkin davranışların planlanmış davranış teorisi ve teknoloji kabul modeli kullanılarak önerilen bir yapısal eşitlik modeliyle incelenmesi. Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(2), 1-22. google scholar
• Dülgeroğlu, İ. (2017). Son tüketicilerin değer bilinci ve fiyat-kalite ilişkilerinin internet üzerinden satın alma davranışı üzerindeki etkisi: Kırklareli ilinde bir araştırma. Kırklareli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 53-63. google scholar
• European Central Bank. (1998). Report on electronic money. European Central Bank. google scholar
• European Central Bank. (2020). Report on a digital euro. European Central Bank. google scholar
• Fedorko, I., Bacik, R., & Gavurova, B. (2018). Technology acceptance model in e-commerce segment. Management & Marketing, 13(4), 1242-1256. google scholar
• Field, A. (2018). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics. Stage Publications. google scholar
• Freedman. (2000). Monetary policy implementation: past, present and future- will electronic money lead to the eventual demise of central banking? International Finance, 3(2), 211-227. google scholar
• Fussell, S. G., & Truong, D. (2021). Using virtual reality for dynamic learning: an extended technology acceptance model. Virtual Reality, 1-19. google scholar
• Gan, C., Clemes, M., Limsombunchai, V., & Weng, A. (2006). A logit analysis of electronic banking in New Zealand. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 24, 4-9. google scholar
• Garson, G. D. (2016). Partial least squares (PLS-SEM): Regression and structural equation models. Asheboro, NC: Statistical Associates Publishers. google scholar
• Hair, J.F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L. & Black W.C. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis 4th Edition. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. google scholar
• Hanacek, P. (1998, November). Security of electronic money. In International Conference on Current Trends in Theory and Practice of Computer Science, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 107-121. google scholar
• Hansen, S. (2021). Fed chair Powell says digital dollar is a ‘high priority project,’ Forbes Magazine. Available at https://www.forbes.com/sites/sarahhansen/2021/02/23/fed-chair-powell-says- digital-dollar-is-a-high-priority-project/ google scholar
• Howard & Sheth. (1979). The Theory ofBuyer Behaviour. New York, John Wiley. google scholar
• Höck, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2006). Strategic networks in the software industry: An empirical analysis of the value continuum. In IFSAM VIIIth World Congress 28, 2010. google scholar
• Islam, M. S. (2015). An algorithm for electronic money transaction security (Three Layer Security): A new approach. International Journal of Security and Its Applications, 9(2), 203-214. google scholar
• Ito, A., & Hiroya, M. (2000). Electronic money sending system. U.S. Patent No. 6,039,250. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Hitachi Ltd. google scholar
• Jack, W., Suri, T., & Townsend, R. M. (2010). Monetary theory and electronic money: Reflections on the kenyan experience. Available at SSRN 2189122. google scholar
• Karahanna, E., Straub, D. W., & Chervany, N. L. (1999). Information technology adoption across time: a cross-sectional comparison of pre-adoption and post-adoption beliefs. MIS Quarterly, 183-213. google scholar
• Karaman, H., Atar, B., & Çobanoğlu Akdan, D.(2017). Açımlayıcı faktör analizinde kullanılan faktör çıkarma yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılması. Gazi University Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty (GUJGEF), 37(3), 3237. google scholar
• Kawashima, T., Hagiwara, K., Hayaashi, H., Hasumi, Y., Shiotani, K., & Suganuma, M. (2004). Electronic money system. U.S. Patent Application 10/344,200, Sony Corp. google scholar
• Khan, J., & Craig-Lees, M. (2009). Cashless transactions: perceptions of money in mobile payments. International Business & Economics Review, 1(1), 23-30. google scholar
• Krismawintari, N. P. D., Komalasari, Y., & Utama, I. G. B. R. (2020). Decision model of use e-money in Covid-19 pandemic situation. Technium Soc. Sci. J., 10, 280. google scholar
• Maurer, B. (2012). Mobile money: Communication, consumption and change in the payments space. Journal of Development Studies, 48(5), 589-604. google scholar
• Micheni M. Elyjoy., Lule Isaiah, Muketha M. & Geoffrey. (2013). Transaction Costs and Facilitating Conditions as Indicators of the Adoption of Mobile Money Services in Kenya. International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering (IJATCSE), 2(5), 09-15. google scholar
• Min, S., So, K. K. F., & Jeong, M. (2019). Consumer adoption of the Uber mobile application: Insights from diffusion of innovation theory and technology acceptance model. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 36(7), 770-783. google scholar
• Mishkin, F. S. (2003). The Economics of Money, Banking and Financial Markets, Seventh Edition, Columbia University Press. google scholar
• Nelson, D. (2021). Bank of England governor insists digital payments (but not crypto) are sticking around. CoinDesk https://www.coindesk.com/andrew-bailey-fiat-crypto-davos google scholar
• Okifo, J., & Igbunu, R. (2015). Electronic payment system in Nigeria: Its economic benefits and challenges. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(16), 56-62. google scholar
• Oskolkov, I., & Shishkov, R. (2013). Electronic money transfer service. U.S. Patent Application 13/226,373, Rawllin International Inc. google scholar
• Pambudi, T., & Rahadi, R. A. (2021). The Impact of Pandemic COVID-19 On Digital Payment: Case Study on Electronic Money in Indonesia. International Journal of Advanced Research in Economics and Finance, 3(1), 70-79. google scholar
• Papadopoulos, G. (2007). Electronic money and the possibility of a cashless society. Available at SSRN 982781. google scholar
• Pikkarainen, T., Pikkarainen, K., Karjaluoto, H., & Pahnila, S. (2004). Consumer acceptance of online banking: an extension of the technology acceptance model. google scholar
• Popovska-Kamnar, N. (2014). The use of electronic money and its impact on monetary policy. Journal of Contemporary Economic and Business Issues, 1(2), 79-92. google scholar
• Rafique, H., Almagrabi, A. O., Shamim, A., Anwar, F., & Bashir, A. K. (2020). Investigating the acceptance of mobile library applications with an extended technology acceptance model (TAM). Computers & Education, 145, 103732. google scholar
• Rotman, S. (2014). Bitcoin versus electronic money. CGAP Brief; World Bank, Washington, DC. google scholar
• Runnemark, E., Hedman, J., & Xiao, X. (2015). Do consumers pay more using debit cards than cash? Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 14(5), 285-291. google scholar
• Sagnier, C., Loup-Escande, E., Lourdeaux, D., Thouvenin, I., & Vallery, G. (2020). User acceptance of virtual reality: an extended technology acceptance model. International Journal of Human—Computer Interaction, 36(11), 993-1007. google scholar
• Shukla, A., & Sharma, S. K. (2018). Evaluating consumers’ adoption of mobile technology for grocery shopping: an application of technology acceptance model. Vision, 22(2), 185-198. google scholar
• Singla, B., & Bansal, M. (2015). Consumers behavior towards debit card payment mode while shopping at retail stores. Research Cell: An International Journal of Engineering Sciences, 16(1), 121-126. google scholar
• Şimşek, Ö.F. (2007). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş: Temel ilkeler ve lisrel uygulamaları, 467-477. google scholar
• Trütsch, T. (2014). The impact of contactless payment on spending. International Journal of Economic Sciences, 3(4) 70-98. google scholar
• Venkatesh, V., & Davis, F. D. (2000). A theoretical extension of the technology acceptance model four longitudinal field studies. Management Science, 46(2), 186-204. doi10.1287mnsc (2000). google scholar
• Vlasov, A. V. (2017). The evolution of e-money. European Research Studies, 20(1), 215-224. google scholar
• Wold, H. (1980). Model construction and evaluation when theoretical knowledge ıs scarce. Theory and Application of Partial Least Squares. Academic Press, 47-74. google scholar
• Woodford, M. (2000). Monetary policy in a world without money. International Finance, 3(2), 229-260. google scholar
• Yacobi, Y. (1996). Efficient electronic money. U.S. Patent 5,511,121. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Telcordia Technologies Inc. google scholar
• Yükselen, C. (2013). Pazarlama Araştırmaları. (6.Baskı). Detay Yayıncılık. google scholar
• Yükselen, C. (2017). Pazarlama İlkeleri — Yönetim Örnek Olaylar. Detay Yayıncılık. google scholar