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An Empirical Study on Determining Ethnocentric Tendencies of Turkish Consumers

Year 2013, Volume: 42 Issue: 1, 113 - 132, 12.04.2013

Hilal Asil

Abstract

In recent years; for different reasons opposition to globalization has become wide spread in our country and as a result of this event regional nationalism movements affect consumer decision making process for buying. The main concept in this study - consumer ethnocentrism measured by CETSCALE and eventually it is found that Turkish consumers have middle level about consumer ethnocentrism tendency. In this study, it was found that there is a relationship between the Turkish consumers' socio-demographic characteristics and the levels of consumer ethnocentrism. In addition; according to the findings of this study differences of consumers’ political opinions also differ the tendencies of consumer ethnocentrism.

 

Keywords

Consumer Ethnocentrism CETSCALE Political Marketing Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

References

  • W.G. Sumner, “Folkways: A Study of the Sociological Importance of Usages, Manners, Customs, Mores, and Morals”, http://www.questia.com/read/33725041, 01 Temmuz 2012.
  • T.A. Shimp, S. Sharma, Consumer ethnocentrism: Construction and Validation of the CETSCALE. Journal of Marketing Research, 24, 8, 280-289 (1987).
  • J.H. Yu, G. Albaum, Sovereignty Change Influences on Consumer Ethnocentrism and Product Preferences: Hong Kong Revisited One Year Later. Journal of Business Research, 55, 891– 899 (2002).
  • D.M. Newman, Sociology: Exploring the Architecture of Everyday Life, Sage Publications, USA, 2008, 106.
  • G. Ritzer, The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology, Blackwell Publishing, 2007, 1479.
  • K.S. Stolley, The Basics of Sociology, Greenwood Publishing Inc., Westport, CT., 2005, 50.
  • R.T. Schaefer, R.P. Lamm, Sociology, Mc Graw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1983, 71.
  • J.J. Macionis, Sociology, 11th ed., Prentice-Hall. Inc., New Jersey., 2007, 80.
  • R.P. Appelbaum, W.J. Chambliss, Sociology, HarperCollins College Publishers, New York, 1997, 76.
  • J. Shin, Antecedents and Moderators of Consumer Ethnocentrism, and the Effect of Source Country Characteristics on Consumers' Attitudes Toward Purchasing Imported Product Categories, Doktora Tezi, College of Business Administration, University of South Carolina, 1993.
  • G. Lantz, S. Loeb, Country of Origin and Ethnocentrism: An Analysis of Canadian and American Preferences Using Social Identity Theory. Advances in Consumer Research, 23, 374-378 (1996).
  • T.A. Shimp, Consumer Ethnocentrism - The Concept and a Preliminary Empirical Test. Advances In Consumer Research, 11, 285-290 (1984).
  • B.J. Moon, S.C. Jain, Consumer Processing of Foreign Advertisements: Roles of Country of Origin Perceptions, Consumer Ethnocentrism, and Country Attitude. International Business Review, 11, 2, 117-38 (2002).
  • L.K. Good, P. Huddleston, Ethnocentrism of Polish and Russian consumers: Are Feelings and Intentions Related?. International Marketing Review, 12, 3, 35-48 (1995).
  • T.H. Witkowski, Consumer Ethnocentrism in Two Emerging Markets: Determinants and Predictive Validity. Advances in Consumer Research, 25, 258-263 (1998).
  • G. Balabanis, A. Diamantopoulos, R.D. Mueller, T.C. Melewar, The Impact of Nationalism, Patriotism and Internationalism on Consumer Ethnocentric Tendencies. Journal of International Business Studies, 32, 1, 157-175 (2001).
  • J.G. Klein, Us Versus Them or Us Versus Everyone? Delineating Consumer Aversion to Foreign Goods. Journal of International Business Studies, 33, 2, 345-363 (2002).
  • A.E. Gegez, Pazarlama Araştırmaları, İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım, 2005, 163.
  • R.G. Netemeyer, S. Durvasula, D. R. Lichtenstein, A Cross-National Assessment of the Reliability and Validity of the CETSCALE. Journal of Marketing Research, 28, 3, 320-327 (1991).
  • A. Caruana, The Effects of Dogmatism and Social Class Variables on Consumer Ethnocentrism in Malta. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 14, 4, 39-44 (1996).
  • S. Durvasula, J.C. Andrews, R.G. Netemeyer, A Cross Cultural Comparison of Consumer Ethnocentrism in The United Stades and Russia. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 9, 4, 73-93 (1997).
  • J.B.E. Steenkamp, H. Baumgartner, Assessing Measurement Invariance in Cross- National Consumer Research. Journal of Consumer Research, 25, 1, 78-91 (1998).
  • J.D. Lindquist, I. Vida, R.E. Plank, A. Fairhurst, The Modified CETSCALE: Validity Tests in Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. International Business Review, 10, 5, 505-516 (2001).
  • O. Küçükemiroğlu, Market Segmentation by Using Consumer Lifestyle Dimensions and Ethnocentrism. European Journal of Marketing, 33, 5/6, 470-487 (1999).
  • K. Saffu, J.H. Walker, An Assessment of the Consumer Ethnocentric Scale (CETSCALE) in an Advanced and Transitional Country: The Case of Canada and Russia. International Journal of Management, 22, 4 (2005).
  • S.P. Douglas, E.J. Nijssen, On the Use of “Borrowed” Scales in Cross-National Research: A Cautionary Note. International Marketing Review, 20, 6, 621-642 (2003).
  • E. Kaynak, A. Kara, Consumer Perceptions of Foreign Products. European Journal of Marketing, 36, 7/8, 928-949 (2002).
  • S. Sharma, T. Shimp, J. Shin, Consumer Ethnocentrism: A Test of Antecedents and Moderators. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 23, 1, 26-37 (1995).
  • J. Herche, A Note on the Predictive Validity of the CETSCALE. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 20, 3, 261-264 (1992).
  • W. Haizhong, Consumer Ethnocetrism: An Empirical Study in China and Its Marketing Management Implications. Nankai Business Review, 154-162 (2003).
  • R.G. Javalgi, V.P. Khare, A.C. Gross, R. F. Scherer, An Application of the Consumer Ethnocentrism Model to French Consumers. International Business Review, 14, 325–344 (2005).
  • J.F. Hair, W.C. Black, B.J. Babin, R.L. Tatham, Multivariate Data Analysis, 5th edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1998, 117-118.
  • A. Bawa, Consumer Ethnocentrism: CETSCALE Validation and Measurement of Extent. Vikalpa, 29, 3, 43-57 (2004).
  • P. Huddleston, L.K. Good, L. Stoel, Consumer Ethnocentrism: Product Necessity and Polish Consumers’ Perceptions of Quality. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 29, 5, 236-246 (2001).
  • R. Coşkun, R. Altunışık, Tüketicilerin Yerli ve Yabancı Ürünleri Algılamasında Milliyetçilik ve Küresel Bilinç Yönelimlerinin Etkisi, 6. Ulusal Pazarlama Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, Erzurum, 163-172 (2001).
  • C. Uzkurt, M. Özmen, Tüketici Etnosentrizmi ve Ülke Orijini Etkisinin Tüketicilerin Yerli ve Yabancı Ürünlere Yönelik Tutumlarına Etkileri, 9. Ulusal Pazarlama Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, 262-274, Ankara: Gazi Üniversitesi (2004).
  • C.M. Han, The Role of Consumer Patriotism in the Choice of Domestic versus Foreign Products. Journal of Advertising Research, 25-32 (1988).
  • R. Schooler, Bias Phenomena Attendant to the Marketing of Foreign Goods in the U. S., Journal of International Business Studies. 2, 1, 71-80 (1971).
  • C. Wang, The Effect of Foreign Economic, Political and Cultural Environment and Consumers' Socio-Demographics on Consumers' Willingness to Buy Foreign Products, Doktora Tezi, Graduate College of Texas A & M University, 1978.
  • U.R. Orth, Z. Firbasova, Ethnocentrism and Consumer Evaluations of Czech Made Yoghurt. Agriculture Economy, 48, 4, 175-181 (2002).
  • O. Mohamad, Z.U. Ahmad, E.D. Honeycutt, T.H. Tyebkhan, Does ‘Made in...’ Matter to Consumers? A Malaysian Study of Country of Origin Effect. Multinational Business Review, 69-73 (2000).
  • M. Supphellen, T.L. Rittenburg, Consumer Ethnocentrism: When Foreign Products are Better. Psychology and Marketing, 18, 9, 907-27 (2001).
  • J.J. Watson, K. Wright, Consumer Ethnocentrism and Attitudes Toward Domestic and Foreign Products. European Journal of Marketing, 34, 9-10, 1149-1166 (2000).
  • K. Ruyter, M. Birgelen, M. Wetzels, Consumer Ethnocentrism in International Services Marketing. International Business Review, 7, 185–202 (1998).
  • W. Lee, J. Hong, S. Lee, Communicating with American Consumers in the Post 9/11 Climate: An Empirical Investigation of Consumer Ethnocentrism in the United States. International Journal of Advertising, 22, 487–510 (2003).

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Year 2013, Volume: 42 Issue: 1, 113 - 132, 12.04.2013

Hilal Asil

Abstract

Son yıllarda çok farklı sebeplerle olsa da giderek ülkemizde de yaygınlaşmaya başlayan küreselleşme karşıtlığı sonucu oluşan yerel milliyetçilik akımlarının tüketicilerin satın alma karar sürecine olan etkisi yadsınamaz durumdadır. Bu çalışmada konu ile ilgili temel kavram olan tüketici etnosentrizmi CETSCALE ölçeği ile ölçülmüş ve araştırma kapsamındaki Türk tüketicilerinin orta düzeyde tüketici etnosentrizmi eğilimi gösterdikleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Araştırma kapsamındaki Türk tüketicilerinin sosyo-demografik özellikleri ile tüketici etnosentrizm düzeyleri arasında ilişki bulunmuştur. Ayrıca tüketicilerin etnosentrizm düzeylerinin siyasi görüşlerine göre farklılık göstermesi çalışmanın bulguları arasındadır

Keywords

(ANOVA)

References

  • W.G. Sumner, “Folkways: A Study of the Sociological Importance of Usages, Manners, Customs, Mores, and Morals”, http://www.questia.com/read/33725041, 01 Temmuz 2012.
  • T.A. Shimp, S. Sharma, Consumer ethnocentrism: Construction and Validation of the CETSCALE. Journal of Marketing Research, 24, 8, 280-289 (1987).
  • J.H. Yu, G. Albaum, Sovereignty Change Influences on Consumer Ethnocentrism and Product Preferences: Hong Kong Revisited One Year Later. Journal of Business Research, 55, 891– 899 (2002).
  • D.M. Newman, Sociology: Exploring the Architecture of Everyday Life, Sage Publications, USA, 2008, 106.
  • G. Ritzer, The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology, Blackwell Publishing, 2007, 1479.
  • K.S. Stolley, The Basics of Sociology, Greenwood Publishing Inc., Westport, CT., 2005, 50.
  • R.T. Schaefer, R.P. Lamm, Sociology, Mc Graw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1983, 71.
  • J.J. Macionis, Sociology, 11th ed., Prentice-Hall. Inc., New Jersey., 2007, 80.
  • R.P. Appelbaum, W.J. Chambliss, Sociology, HarperCollins College Publishers, New York, 1997, 76.
  • J. Shin, Antecedents and Moderators of Consumer Ethnocentrism, and the Effect of Source Country Characteristics on Consumers' Attitudes Toward Purchasing Imported Product Categories, Doktora Tezi, College of Business Administration, University of South Carolina, 1993.
  • G. Lantz, S. Loeb, Country of Origin and Ethnocentrism: An Analysis of Canadian and American Preferences Using Social Identity Theory. Advances in Consumer Research, 23, 374-378 (1996).
  • T.A. Shimp, Consumer Ethnocentrism - The Concept and a Preliminary Empirical Test. Advances In Consumer Research, 11, 285-290 (1984).
  • B.J. Moon, S.C. Jain, Consumer Processing of Foreign Advertisements: Roles of Country of Origin Perceptions, Consumer Ethnocentrism, and Country Attitude. International Business Review, 11, 2, 117-38 (2002).
  • L.K. Good, P. Huddleston, Ethnocentrism of Polish and Russian consumers: Are Feelings and Intentions Related?. International Marketing Review, 12, 3, 35-48 (1995).
  • T.H. Witkowski, Consumer Ethnocentrism in Two Emerging Markets: Determinants and Predictive Validity. Advances in Consumer Research, 25, 258-263 (1998).
  • G. Balabanis, A. Diamantopoulos, R.D. Mueller, T.C. Melewar, The Impact of Nationalism, Patriotism and Internationalism on Consumer Ethnocentric Tendencies. Journal of International Business Studies, 32, 1, 157-175 (2001).
  • J.G. Klein, Us Versus Them or Us Versus Everyone? Delineating Consumer Aversion to Foreign Goods. Journal of International Business Studies, 33, 2, 345-363 (2002).
  • A.E. Gegez, Pazarlama Araştırmaları, İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım, 2005, 163.
  • R.G. Netemeyer, S. Durvasula, D. R. Lichtenstein, A Cross-National Assessment of the Reliability and Validity of the CETSCALE. Journal of Marketing Research, 28, 3, 320-327 (1991).
  • A. Caruana, The Effects of Dogmatism and Social Class Variables on Consumer Ethnocentrism in Malta. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 14, 4, 39-44 (1996).
  • S. Durvasula, J.C. Andrews, R.G. Netemeyer, A Cross Cultural Comparison of Consumer Ethnocentrism in The United Stades and Russia. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 9, 4, 73-93 (1997).
  • J.B.E. Steenkamp, H. Baumgartner, Assessing Measurement Invariance in Cross- National Consumer Research. Journal of Consumer Research, 25, 1, 78-91 (1998).
  • J.D. Lindquist, I. Vida, R.E. Plank, A. Fairhurst, The Modified CETSCALE: Validity Tests in Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. International Business Review, 10, 5, 505-516 (2001).
  • O. Küçükemiroğlu, Market Segmentation by Using Consumer Lifestyle Dimensions and Ethnocentrism. European Journal of Marketing, 33, 5/6, 470-487 (1999).
  • K. Saffu, J.H. Walker, An Assessment of the Consumer Ethnocentric Scale (CETSCALE) in an Advanced and Transitional Country: The Case of Canada and Russia. International Journal of Management, 22, 4 (2005).
  • S.P. Douglas, E.J. Nijssen, On the Use of “Borrowed” Scales in Cross-National Research: A Cautionary Note. International Marketing Review, 20, 6, 621-642 (2003).
  • E. Kaynak, A. Kara, Consumer Perceptions of Foreign Products. European Journal of Marketing, 36, 7/8, 928-949 (2002).
  • S. Sharma, T. Shimp, J. Shin, Consumer Ethnocentrism: A Test of Antecedents and Moderators. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 23, 1, 26-37 (1995).
  • J. Herche, A Note on the Predictive Validity of the CETSCALE. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 20, 3, 261-264 (1992).
  • W. Haizhong, Consumer Ethnocetrism: An Empirical Study in China and Its Marketing Management Implications. Nankai Business Review, 154-162 (2003).
  • R.G. Javalgi, V.P. Khare, A.C. Gross, R. F. Scherer, An Application of the Consumer Ethnocentrism Model to French Consumers. International Business Review, 14, 325–344 (2005).
  • J.F. Hair, W.C. Black, B.J. Babin, R.L. Tatham, Multivariate Data Analysis, 5th edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1998, 117-118.
  • A. Bawa, Consumer Ethnocentrism: CETSCALE Validation and Measurement of Extent. Vikalpa, 29, 3, 43-57 (2004).
  • P. Huddleston, L.K. Good, L. Stoel, Consumer Ethnocentrism: Product Necessity and Polish Consumers’ Perceptions of Quality. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 29, 5, 236-246 (2001).
  • R. Coşkun, R. Altunışık, Tüketicilerin Yerli ve Yabancı Ürünleri Algılamasında Milliyetçilik ve Küresel Bilinç Yönelimlerinin Etkisi, 6. Ulusal Pazarlama Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, Erzurum, 163-172 (2001).
  • C. Uzkurt, M. Özmen, Tüketici Etnosentrizmi ve Ülke Orijini Etkisinin Tüketicilerin Yerli ve Yabancı Ürünlere Yönelik Tutumlarına Etkileri, 9. Ulusal Pazarlama Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, 262-274, Ankara: Gazi Üniversitesi (2004).
  • C.M. Han, The Role of Consumer Patriotism in the Choice of Domestic versus Foreign Products. Journal of Advertising Research, 25-32 (1988).
  • R. Schooler, Bias Phenomena Attendant to the Marketing of Foreign Goods in the U. S., Journal of International Business Studies. 2, 1, 71-80 (1971).
  • C. Wang, The Effect of Foreign Economic, Political and Cultural Environment and Consumers' Socio-Demographics on Consumers' Willingness to Buy Foreign Products, Doktora Tezi, Graduate College of Texas A & M University, 1978.
  • U.R. Orth, Z. Firbasova, Ethnocentrism and Consumer Evaluations of Czech Made Yoghurt. Agriculture Economy, 48, 4, 175-181 (2002).
  • O. Mohamad, Z.U. Ahmad, E.D. Honeycutt, T.H. Tyebkhan, Does ‘Made in...’ Matter to Consumers? A Malaysian Study of Country of Origin Effect. Multinational Business Review, 69-73 (2000).
  • M. Supphellen, T.L. Rittenburg, Consumer Ethnocentrism: When Foreign Products are Better. Psychology and Marketing, 18, 9, 907-27 (2001).
  • J.J. Watson, K. Wright, Consumer Ethnocentrism and Attitudes Toward Domestic and Foreign Products. European Journal of Marketing, 34, 9-10, 1149-1166 (2000).
  • K. Ruyter, M. Birgelen, M. Wetzels, Consumer Ethnocentrism in International Services Marketing. International Business Review, 7, 185–202 (1998).
  • W. Lee, J. Hong, S. Lee, Communicating with American Consumers in the Post 9/11 Climate: An Empirical Investigation of Consumer Ethnocentrism in the United States. International Journal of Advertising, 22, 487–510 (2003).
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Marketing and Marketing Research
Authors

Hilal Asil This is me

Publication Date April 12, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 42 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Asil, H. (2013). An Empirical Study on Determining Ethnocentric Tendencies of Turkish Consumers. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 42(1), 113-132.
AMA Asil H. An Empirical Study on Determining Ethnocentric Tendencies of Turkish Consumers. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi. April 2013;42(1):113-132.
Chicago Asil, Hilal. “An Empirical Study on Determining Ethnocentric Tendencies of Turkish Consumers”. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi 42, no. 1 (April 2013): 113-32.
EndNote Asil H (April 1, 2013) An Empirical Study on Determining Ethnocentric Tendencies of Turkish Consumers. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi 42 1 113–132.
IEEE H. Asil, “An Empirical Study on Determining Ethnocentric Tendencies of Turkish Consumers”, İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 113–132, 2013.
ISNAD Asil, Hilal. “An Empirical Study on Determining Ethnocentric Tendencies of Turkish Consumers”. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi 42/1 (April 2013), 113-132.
JAMA Asil H. An Empirical Study on Determining Ethnocentric Tendencies of Turkish Consumers. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi. 2013;42:113–132.
MLA Asil, Hilal. “An Empirical Study on Determining Ethnocentric Tendencies of Turkish Consumers”. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 42, no. 1, 2013, pp. 113-32.
Vancouver Asil H. An Empirical Study on Determining Ethnocentric Tendencies of Turkish Consumers. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi. 2013;42(1):113-32.