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A NOVEL CASCADED H- BRIDGE MULTILEVEL INVERTER BASED ON OPTIMAL PWM TECHNIQUE

Year 2013, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 1613 - 1621, 02.09.2013

A. Maheswarı , I Gnanambal

Abstract

In this paper, a novel cascaded H- bridge multilevel inverter has been proposed using less number of switches. A standard cascaded multilevel inverter requires 4h number of switches for (2h + 1) levels whereas h is the number of dc sources. This proposed scheme allows less number of switches for the same level. A novel cascaded H- bridge multilevel inverter fed induction motor shows better performance due to fundamental frequency switching scheme using  optimal PWM Technique (OPWM). High quality output is derived due to the absence of lower order harmonics. High conversion efficiency is also achieved for induction motor drive when it is operated with the proposed method. When the levels are increased, the number of switches used is very less compared to the conventional cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter. The performance of three phase cascaded H- bridge multilevel inverter with equal dc sources is simulated by using MATLAB platform. Harmonic analysis is done on a novel cascaded H- bridge multilevel inverter with various levels.

Keywords

Equal dc sources Fundamental frequency switching scheme multilevel inverter Total Harmonic Distortion (THD).

References

  • Malinowski M, Gopakumar K, Jose Rodriguez & Marcelo A Perez, “A survey on Cascaded Multilevel inverters”, IEEE Trans.Ind.Elect., vol.57, pp.2197 – 2206, 2010.
  • J. S. Lai and F. Z. Peng, “Multilevel converters—A new breed of power converters”, IEEE Trans.Ind. Appl., vol.32, no.3, pp. 509–517, May/June 1996.
  • L.M. Tolbert, F. Z. Peng, and T. G. Habetler, “Multilevel converters for large electric drives”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol.35, no. 1, pp.36–44, Jan./Feb. 1999.
  • M. Klabunde, Y. Zhao, and T. A. Lipo, “Current control of a 3 level rectifier/inverter drive system”, in Conference Record 1994 IEEE IAS Annual Meeting, 1994, pp. 2348– 23
  • W. Menzies, P. Steimer, and J. K. Steinke, “Five-level GTO inverters for large induction motor drives”, IEEE Trans.Ind.Appl., vol. 30, no. 4, pp.938–944, July 1994.
  • G. Sinha and T. A. Lipo, “A four level rectifier-inverter system for drive applications”, in Conference Record IEEE IAS Annual Meeting, Oct 1996, pp. 980–987.
  • J. K. Steinke, “Control strategy for a three phase AC traction drive with three level GTO PWM inverter”, in IEEE Power Electronics Special Conference (PESC),1988, pp.431– 438.
  • J. Zhang, “High performance control of a three level IGBT inverter fed AC drive”, in Conference Record IEEE IAS Annual Meeting, 1995, pp. 22–28.
  • D. Soto and R. Peña, “Nonlinear control strategies for cascaded multilevel STATCOMs,” IEEE Trans. Power. Elect., vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 1919–1927, Oct. 2004.
  • Y. Liu, A. Q. Huang, W. Song, S. Bhattacharya, and G. Tan, “Small signal model-based control strategy for balancing individual DC capacitor voltages in cascade multilevel inverter-based STATCOM,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Elect., vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 2259–2269, Jun. 2009.
  • W. Ligiao, L. Ping, and L. Z. Zhongchao, “Study on shunt active filter based on cascade multilevel converter,” in Proceedings IEEE Power Electronics Special Conference Applications, 2004, pp. 3512–3516.
  • M. Veenstra and A. Rufer, “Control of a hybrid asymmetric multilevel inverter for competitive mediumvoltage industrial drives”, IEEE Trans.Ind. Appl., vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 655–664, Mar./Apr.2005.
  • A. Das, K. Sivakumar, R. Ramchand, C. Patel, and K. Gopakumar, “A combination of hexagonal and 12-sided polygonal voltage space vector PWM control for IM drives using cascaded two-level inverters,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Elect.., vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 1657–1664, May 2009.
  • A.Maheswari, S.Mahendran, I.Gnanambal, “Implementation of fundamental frequency switching scheme on multilevel cascaded H-bridge inverter fed three phase induction motor drive”,Wulfenia journal, vol.19, no. 8,pp10-23, Aug 2012.
  • A Guide to Standard Medium Voltage Variable Speed Drives: Part 1, ABB, Turgi, Switzerland, 2004.
  • S. Bell and J. Sung, “Will your motor insulation survive a new adjustable frequency drive?”,IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 33, pp. 1307–1311,Sept./Oct. 1997.
  • J. Erdman, R. Kerkman, D. Schlegel, and G. Skibinski, “Effect of PWM inverters on AC motor bearing currents and shaft voltages”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 32, pp. 250–259, Mar./Apr.1996.
  • A. H. Bonnett, “A comparison between insulation systems available for PWM-inverter-fed motors”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl.,vol.33,pp.1331–341,Sept./Oct. 1997.
  • Hurng-Liahng Iou,Wen-Iung Chiang,et al,“Voltage-mode grid-connected solar inverter with high frequency isolated transformer”, IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2009 ,pp.1087-1092.
  • Xianglian Xu ,Qing Zhang,Qian Cheng,Youxin Yuan, Yiping Xiao, “An Auto-disturbance Rejection Controller for STATCOM Based on Cascaded Multilevel Inverters”, IEEE 6th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Wuhan, China, DS11.4, 2009, 234923
  • Manjrekar MD, Lipo TA. “A hybrid multilevel inverter topology for drive applications”, Proceeding IEEE International Conference, 1998,2:523–9.
  • Manjrekar MD, Steimer PK, Lipo TA. “Hybrid multilevel power conversion system: a competitive solution for highpower applications”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl.,vol.36, no.3, pp. 834– 841, 2000.
  • Marchesoni M, Tenca P. “Diode-clamped multilevel converters: a practicable way to balance DC-link voltages”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.,vol. 49, no.4, pp.752– 65, 2002.
  • T. J. Kim, D. W. Kang, Y. H. Lee, and D. S. Hyun, “The analysis of conduction and switching losses in multi-level inverter system,” in Proceedings, 32nd Power Electronics Special Conference Applications,2001,pp. 1363–1368.
  • A. M. Massoud, S. J. Finney, and B. W. Williams, “Multilevel converters and series connection of IGBT evaluation for high-power, high-voltage applications,” in Proceedings, 2nd Power Electronics Machines Drives Conference, 2004, pp. 1–5.
  • S. Bernet, D. Krug, S. S. Fazel, and K. Jalili, “Design and comparison of 4.16 kV neutral point clamped, flying capacitor and series connected H-bridge multi-level converters,” in Conference Record 40th IEEE IAS Annual Meeting, 2005, pp. 121–128.
  • S. S. Fazel, S. Bernet, D. Krug, and K. Jalili, “Design and comparison of 4-kV neutral-point-clamped,flyingcapacitor, ad series-connected H-bridge multilevel inverters,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol.43, no. 4, pp. 1032– 1040, Jul. 2007.
  • J. Rodríguez, S. Bernet, B. Wu, J. O. Pontt, and S. Kouro, “Multilevel voltage-source- converter topologies for industrial medium-voltage drives,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Elect., vol. 54, no.6,pp. 2930–2945, Dec. 2007. D. Krug, S. Bernet, S. S. Fazel, K. Jalili, and M. Malinowski, “Comparison of 3-kV medium-voltage multilevel converters for industrial medium-voltage drives,” IEEE Trans.Ind.Elect., vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 2979– 2992, Dec. 2007.
  • D. A. B. Zambra, C. Rech, and J. R. Pinheiro, “Selection of DC sources for three cells cascaded H-bridge hybrid multilevel inverter applied to medium voltage induction motors,” in Proceedings 8th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference, 2005, pp. 211–216.
  • D. A. B. Zambra, C. Rech, and J. R. Pinheiro, “A comparative analysis between the symmetric and the hybrid asymmetric nine-level series connected H-bridge cells inverter,” in Proceedings 12th European Conference on Power Electronics Applications, 2007, pp. 1–10.
  • F. Z. Peng, J. S. Lai, J. W. McKeever, and J. Van Covering, “A multilevel voltage-source inverter with separate dc sources for static var generation”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol.32, pp.1130–1138, Sept./Oct.1996.
  • Chiasson, J. N., Tolbert, L. M., Mckenzie, K. J. & Du Z., (2003), “Control of a Multilevel Converter Using Resultant
  • Theory”, IEEE Trans. Cont. Sys. Theory, Vol.11, No.3, pp. 345-3 Z. Du, L.M.Tolbert and J. N. Chaisson, “Modulation extention control for multilevel converters using triplen harmonic injection with low switching frequency”, in Proceedings, IEEE Power Electronics Conference, Austin, TX, Mar. 6-10,2004, pp. 419- 423.
  • Patel, H. S. & Hoft, R. G., “Generalized Techniques of Harmonic Elimination and Voltage Control in Thyristor Inverters: Part I – Harmonic Elimination”, IEEE Trans.Ind.Appl., 3, pp. 310-317, 1973.
  • J. Chiasson, L. Tolbert, K. McKenzie, and Z. Du, “Elimination of harmonics in a multilevel converter using the theory of symmetric polynomials”, IEEE Trans. Cont. Sys. Tech., vol. 13,no. 2, pp. 216–223, Mar. 2005.
  • J. Ebrahimi, E. Babaei, G.B. Gharehpetian, “A new multilevel converter topology with reduced number of power electronic components”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Elect., vol.59, no.2, pp.655–667, 2010.
  • J. Dixon, J. Pereda, C. Castillo, S. Bosch, “Asymmetrical multilevel inverter for traction drives using only one dc supply”, IEEE Trans. Vehi. Tech., vol.59, no.8, pp.3736– 3743, 2010.
  • J. Pereda, J. Dixon, “High-frequency link: a solution for using only one dc source in asymmetric cascaded multilevel inverters”, IEEE Trans.Ind.Elect., vol.58, no.9, pp.3884–3892, 2011.
  • J. A. Sayago, T. Brückner, and S. Bernet, “How to select the system voltage of MV drives—A comparison of semiconductors expenses”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Elect., vol. 55, no.9, pp.3381–3390, Sep.2008. A.Maheswari was born in
  • Tamilnadu, India, on April 7, 19 She received her B.E degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from V.M.K.V Engineering College, Salem, in 2004, the M.E degree in Power Electronics and Drives from Government College of
  • Engineering, Salem, in 2008.
  • Currently she is pursuing Ph.D. She has presented 4 papers in various national and international conferences. She has also published two papers in the international journal. Her current research interests include simulation and control techniques of AC drives, inverter topologies and harmonic suppression. Dr. I. Gnanambal was born in Tamilnadu, India. She received her B.E degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Government College of Engineering, Salem, in 1981, the M.E degree in Applied Electronics in
  • Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, in 2002 and Ph.D. degree in Networking from Anna University, Chennai in 200 She has presented more than 50 papers in various national and international conferences. She has also published more than ten papers in international journals. Her research interests include power electronics, solid state drives, networking and special electrical machines.

Year 2013, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 1613 - 1621, 02.09.2013

A. Maheswarı , I Gnanambal

Abstract

References

  • Malinowski M, Gopakumar K, Jose Rodriguez & Marcelo A Perez, “A survey on Cascaded Multilevel inverters”, IEEE Trans.Ind.Elect., vol.57, pp.2197 – 2206, 2010.
  • J. S. Lai and F. Z. Peng, “Multilevel converters—A new breed of power converters”, IEEE Trans.Ind. Appl., vol.32, no.3, pp. 509–517, May/June 1996.
  • L.M. Tolbert, F. Z. Peng, and T. G. Habetler, “Multilevel converters for large electric drives”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol.35, no. 1, pp.36–44, Jan./Feb. 1999.
  • M. Klabunde, Y. Zhao, and T. A. Lipo, “Current control of a 3 level rectifier/inverter drive system”, in Conference Record 1994 IEEE IAS Annual Meeting, 1994, pp. 2348– 23
  • W. Menzies, P. Steimer, and J. K. Steinke, “Five-level GTO inverters for large induction motor drives”, IEEE Trans.Ind.Appl., vol. 30, no. 4, pp.938–944, July 1994.
  • G. Sinha and T. A. Lipo, “A four level rectifier-inverter system for drive applications”, in Conference Record IEEE IAS Annual Meeting, Oct 1996, pp. 980–987.
  • J. K. Steinke, “Control strategy for a three phase AC traction drive with three level GTO PWM inverter”, in IEEE Power Electronics Special Conference (PESC),1988, pp.431– 438.
  • J. Zhang, “High performance control of a three level IGBT inverter fed AC drive”, in Conference Record IEEE IAS Annual Meeting, 1995, pp. 22–28.
  • D. Soto and R. Peña, “Nonlinear control strategies for cascaded multilevel STATCOMs,” IEEE Trans. Power. Elect., vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 1919–1927, Oct. 2004.
  • Y. Liu, A. Q. Huang, W. Song, S. Bhattacharya, and G. Tan, “Small signal model-based control strategy for balancing individual DC capacitor voltages in cascade multilevel inverter-based STATCOM,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Elect., vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 2259–2269, Jun. 2009.
  • W. Ligiao, L. Ping, and L. Z. Zhongchao, “Study on shunt active filter based on cascade multilevel converter,” in Proceedings IEEE Power Electronics Special Conference Applications, 2004, pp. 3512–3516.
  • M. Veenstra and A. Rufer, “Control of a hybrid asymmetric multilevel inverter for competitive mediumvoltage industrial drives”, IEEE Trans.Ind. Appl., vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 655–664, Mar./Apr.2005.
  • A. Das, K. Sivakumar, R. Ramchand, C. Patel, and K. Gopakumar, “A combination of hexagonal and 12-sided polygonal voltage space vector PWM control for IM drives using cascaded two-level inverters,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Elect.., vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 1657–1664, May 2009.
  • A.Maheswari, S.Mahendran, I.Gnanambal, “Implementation of fundamental frequency switching scheme on multilevel cascaded H-bridge inverter fed three phase induction motor drive”,Wulfenia journal, vol.19, no. 8,pp10-23, Aug 2012.
  • A Guide to Standard Medium Voltage Variable Speed Drives: Part 1, ABB, Turgi, Switzerland, 2004.
  • S. Bell and J. Sung, “Will your motor insulation survive a new adjustable frequency drive?”,IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 33, pp. 1307–1311,Sept./Oct. 1997.
  • J. Erdman, R. Kerkman, D. Schlegel, and G. Skibinski, “Effect of PWM inverters on AC motor bearing currents and shaft voltages”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 32, pp. 250–259, Mar./Apr.1996.
  • A. H. Bonnett, “A comparison between insulation systems available for PWM-inverter-fed motors”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl.,vol.33,pp.1331–341,Sept./Oct. 1997.
  • Hurng-Liahng Iou,Wen-Iung Chiang,et al,“Voltage-mode grid-connected solar inverter with high frequency isolated transformer”, IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2009 ,pp.1087-1092.
  • Xianglian Xu ,Qing Zhang,Qian Cheng,Youxin Yuan, Yiping Xiao, “An Auto-disturbance Rejection Controller for STATCOM Based on Cascaded Multilevel Inverters”, IEEE 6th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Wuhan, China, DS11.4, 2009, 234923
  • Manjrekar MD, Lipo TA. “A hybrid multilevel inverter topology for drive applications”, Proceeding IEEE International Conference, 1998,2:523–9.
  • Manjrekar MD, Steimer PK, Lipo TA. “Hybrid multilevel power conversion system: a competitive solution for highpower applications”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl.,vol.36, no.3, pp. 834– 841, 2000.
  • Marchesoni M, Tenca P. “Diode-clamped multilevel converters: a practicable way to balance DC-link voltages”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.,vol. 49, no.4, pp.752– 65, 2002.
  • T. J. Kim, D. W. Kang, Y. H. Lee, and D. S. Hyun, “The analysis of conduction and switching losses in multi-level inverter system,” in Proceedings, 32nd Power Electronics Special Conference Applications,2001,pp. 1363–1368.
  • A. M. Massoud, S. J. Finney, and B. W. Williams, “Multilevel converters and series connection of IGBT evaluation for high-power, high-voltage applications,” in Proceedings, 2nd Power Electronics Machines Drives Conference, 2004, pp. 1–5.
  • S. Bernet, D. Krug, S. S. Fazel, and K. Jalili, “Design and comparison of 4.16 kV neutral point clamped, flying capacitor and series connected H-bridge multi-level converters,” in Conference Record 40th IEEE IAS Annual Meeting, 2005, pp. 121–128.
  • S. S. Fazel, S. Bernet, D. Krug, and K. Jalili, “Design and comparison of 4-kV neutral-point-clamped,flyingcapacitor, ad series-connected H-bridge multilevel inverters,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol.43, no. 4, pp. 1032– 1040, Jul. 2007.
  • J. Rodríguez, S. Bernet, B. Wu, J. O. Pontt, and S. Kouro, “Multilevel voltage-source- converter topologies for industrial medium-voltage drives,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Elect., vol. 54, no.6,pp. 2930–2945, Dec. 2007. D. Krug, S. Bernet, S. S. Fazel, K. Jalili, and M. Malinowski, “Comparison of 3-kV medium-voltage multilevel converters for industrial medium-voltage drives,” IEEE Trans.Ind.Elect., vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 2979– 2992, Dec. 2007.
  • D. A. B. Zambra, C. Rech, and J. R. Pinheiro, “Selection of DC sources for three cells cascaded H-bridge hybrid multilevel inverter applied to medium voltage induction motors,” in Proceedings 8th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference, 2005, pp. 211–216.
  • D. A. B. Zambra, C. Rech, and J. R. Pinheiro, “A comparative analysis between the symmetric and the hybrid asymmetric nine-level series connected H-bridge cells inverter,” in Proceedings 12th European Conference on Power Electronics Applications, 2007, pp. 1–10.
  • F. Z. Peng, J. S. Lai, J. W. McKeever, and J. Van Covering, “A multilevel voltage-source inverter with separate dc sources for static var generation”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol.32, pp.1130–1138, Sept./Oct.1996.
  • Chiasson, J. N., Tolbert, L. M., Mckenzie, K. J. & Du Z., (2003), “Control of a Multilevel Converter Using Resultant
  • Theory”, IEEE Trans. Cont. Sys. Theory, Vol.11, No.3, pp. 345-3 Z. Du, L.M.Tolbert and J. N. Chaisson, “Modulation extention control for multilevel converters using triplen harmonic injection with low switching frequency”, in Proceedings, IEEE Power Electronics Conference, Austin, TX, Mar. 6-10,2004, pp. 419- 423.
  • Patel, H. S. & Hoft, R. G., “Generalized Techniques of Harmonic Elimination and Voltage Control in Thyristor Inverters: Part I – Harmonic Elimination”, IEEE Trans.Ind.Appl., 3, pp. 310-317, 1973.
  • J. Chiasson, L. Tolbert, K. McKenzie, and Z. Du, “Elimination of harmonics in a multilevel converter using the theory of symmetric polynomials”, IEEE Trans. Cont. Sys. Tech., vol. 13,no. 2, pp. 216–223, Mar. 2005.
  • J. Ebrahimi, E. Babaei, G.B. Gharehpetian, “A new multilevel converter topology with reduced number of power electronic components”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Elect., vol.59, no.2, pp.655–667, 2010.
  • J. Dixon, J. Pereda, C. Castillo, S. Bosch, “Asymmetrical multilevel inverter for traction drives using only one dc supply”, IEEE Trans. Vehi. Tech., vol.59, no.8, pp.3736– 3743, 2010.
  • J. Pereda, J. Dixon, “High-frequency link: a solution for using only one dc source in asymmetric cascaded multilevel inverters”, IEEE Trans.Ind.Elect., vol.58, no.9, pp.3884–3892, 2011.
  • J. A. Sayago, T. Brückner, and S. Bernet, “How to select the system voltage of MV drives—A comparison of semiconductors expenses”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Elect., vol. 55, no.9, pp.3381–3390, Sep.2008. A.Maheswari was born in
  • Tamilnadu, India, on April 7, 19 She received her B.E degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from V.M.K.V Engineering College, Salem, in 2004, the M.E degree in Power Electronics and Drives from Government College of
  • Engineering, Salem, in 2008.
  • Currently she is pursuing Ph.D. She has presented 4 papers in various national and international conferences. She has also published two papers in the international journal. Her current research interests include simulation and control techniques of AC drives, inverter topologies and harmonic suppression. Dr. I. Gnanambal was born in Tamilnadu, India. She received her B.E degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Government College of Engineering, Salem, in 1981, the M.E degree in Applied Electronics in
  • Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, in 2002 and Ph.D. degree in Networking from Anna University, Chennai in 200 She has presented more than 50 papers in various national and international conferences. She has also published more than ten papers in international journals. Her research interests include power electronics, solid state drives, networking and special electrical machines.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

A. Maheswarı

I Gnanambal

Publication Date September 2, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 13 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Maheswarı, A., & Gnanambal, I. (2013). A NOVEL CASCADED H- BRIDGE MULTILEVEL INVERTER BASED ON OPTIMAL PWM TECHNIQUE. IU-Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, 13(1), 1613-1621.
AMA Maheswarı A, Gnanambal I. A NOVEL CASCADED H- BRIDGE MULTILEVEL INVERTER BASED ON OPTIMAL PWM TECHNIQUE. IU-Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering. September 2013;13(1):1613-1621.
Chicago Maheswarı, A., and I Gnanambal. “A NOVEL CASCADED H- BRIDGE MULTILEVEL INVERTER BASED ON OPTIMAL PWM TECHNIQUE”. IU-Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering 13, no. 1 (September 2013): 1613-21.
EndNote Maheswarı A, Gnanambal I (September 1, 2013) A NOVEL CASCADED H- BRIDGE MULTILEVEL INVERTER BASED ON OPTIMAL PWM TECHNIQUE. IU-Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering 13 1 1613–1621.
IEEE A. Maheswarı and I. Gnanambal, “A NOVEL CASCADED H- BRIDGE MULTILEVEL INVERTER BASED ON OPTIMAL PWM TECHNIQUE”, IU-Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1613–1621, 2013.
ISNAD Maheswarı, A. - Gnanambal, I. “A NOVEL CASCADED H- BRIDGE MULTILEVEL INVERTER BASED ON OPTIMAL PWM TECHNIQUE”. IU-Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering 13/1 (September 2013), 1613-1621.
JAMA Maheswarı A, Gnanambal I. A NOVEL CASCADED H- BRIDGE MULTILEVEL INVERTER BASED ON OPTIMAL PWM TECHNIQUE. IU-Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering. 2013;13:1613–1621.
MLA Maheswarı, A. and I Gnanambal. “A NOVEL CASCADED H- BRIDGE MULTILEVEL INVERTER BASED ON OPTIMAL PWM TECHNIQUE”. IU-Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, vol. 13, no. 1, 2013, pp. 1613-21.
Vancouver Maheswarı A, Gnanambal I. A NOVEL CASCADED H- BRIDGE MULTILEVEL INVERTER BASED ON OPTIMAL PWM TECHNIQUE. IU-Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering. 2013;13(1):1613-21.
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