Kadın Parlamenter Oranlarının Ülkelerin Sosyal Kurumlar ve Cinsiyet Endeksi (SIGI)’ndeki Yerine Etkisi

Abstract

Bu çalişmanin amaci, ülkelerin parlamentolarindaki kadin parlamenter oraninin, ülkelerin Sosyal Kurumlar ve Cinsiyet Endeksi (SIGI) siralamasi üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Bu çalişmada bağimsiz değişken olarak ele alinan kadin parlamenter oraninin Sosyal Kurumlar ve Cinsiyet Endeksi ve bu endeksin alt boyutlari olan Aile İçinde Ayrimcilik Endeksi; Kisitli Fiziksel Bütünlük Endeksi; Üretken ve Finansal Kaynaklara Kisitli Erişim Endeksi; Kisitlanmiş Sivil Özgürlükler Endeksi üzerindeki etkisini incelemek amaciyla beş farkli regresyon modeli kurulmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Kadin Parlamenter Orani ile diğer değişkenler arasindaki korelasyon katsayilari istatistiksel olarak anlamli ve negatif yönlüdür. Bununla birlikte ülkelerin parlamentolarindaki kadin parlamenter oraninin Sosyal Kurumlar ve Cinsiyet Endeksi ile bu endeksin alt boyutlari olan Aile İçinde Ayrimcilik; Kisitli Fiziksel Bütünlük; Üretken ve Finansal Kaynaklara Kisitli Erişim ve Kisitlanmiş Sivil Özgürlükler değişkenlerini istatistiksel olarak anlamli şekilde negatif yönlü olarak etkilediği görülmüştür.

Keywords

• Sosyal Kurumlar ve Cinsiyet Endeksi
• Ayrimci Sosyal Kurumlar
• Kadinin Güçlendirilmesi

The Ratio of Women in National Parliaments and its Effect on Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) Rankings

Abstract

This study seeks to consider the ratios of female members in national parliaments based on the rankings on the Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) and evaluate the effects of such ratios. Five different regression models were established to scrutinize the effect of these ratios, which was set as the independent variable. The study particularly considered the Social Institutions and Gender Index and the sub-dimensions of this index, which are as follows: i) discrimination in the family; ii) restricted physical integrity; iii) restricted access to productive and financial Resources; and iv) restricted civil liberties. The correlation coefficients between the ratio of female parliament members and other variables were found to be statistically significant and negative. Moreover, it was determined that the ratio of female members in national parliaments negatively affects rankings in the Social Institutions and Gender Index and the four sub-dimensions of this index (as mentioned earlier ) in a statistically significant manner.

Keywords

• Social Institutions and Gender Index
• Discriminatory Social Institutions
• Empowering Women

References

1. Acker, J. (1990). A Theory of Gendered Organisations. Gender and Society, 4 (2), 139-158. google scholar
2. Acker, J. (1992). From Sex Roles to Gendered Institutions. Contemporary Sociology, 21 (5), 565-69. google scholar
3. Aktan, C.C &Vural, T. (2005). Kurallar ve Kurumların Sosyolojik Temelleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme: Terminoloji ve Tipoloji, Kurumsal Sosyoloji, Kurallar, Kurumlar ve Düzen, (ed: C.C.Aktan). Kurumsal Araştırmalar Serisi: No 1 SPK Yayını. google scholar
4. Altuzarra, A., Galvez-Galvez, C., & Gonzalez-Flores, A. (2021). Is Gender Inequality a Barrier to Economic Growth? A Panel Data Analysis of Developing Countries. Sustainability, 13(1), 367. google scholar
5. Aydın, M. (2005). Değerler, Normlar, Kurumlar. Kurumsal Sosyoloji, Kurallar, Kurumlar ve Düzen, (ed: C.C.Aktan) Kurumsal Araştırmalar Serisi: No 1 SPK Yayını. google scholar
6. Bayeh, E. (2016). The Role of Empowering Women and Achieving Gender Equality to The Sustainable Development of Ethiopia. Pacific Science Review B: Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(1), 37-42. google scholar
7. Boyd, M. (1998). Gender Inequality: Economic and political Aspects. New Society: Sociology for the 21st Century. (Ed.: R.J.BRYM ). Toronto: Harcourt Brace&Company, google scholar
8. Busse, M., & Spielmann, C. (2006). Gender Inequality and Trade. Review of International Economics, 14(3), 362-379. google scholar

9. Chattopadhyay, R. & E. Duflo (2004), “Women as Policy Makers: Evidence from a Randomized Policy Experiment in India,” Econometrica 72(5), 1409-1443. google scholar
10. Coleman, I. (2004). The Payoff from Women’s Rights. Foreign Aff., 83, 80. google scholar
11. Demirbilek, S. (2007). Cinsiyet Ayırımcılığının Sosyolojik Açıdan İncelenmesi. Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 44, 511, 12-27 google scholar
12. Devi, D. S., & Lakshmi, G. (2005). Political Empowerment of Women in Indian Legislature: A Study. The Indian Journal of Political Science, 75-92. google scholar
13. Devlin, C., & Elgie, R. (2008). The Effect of Increased Women’s Representation in Parliament: The case of Rwanda. Parliamentary Affairs, 61(2), 237-254. google scholar
14. Dimitrova-Grajzl, V., & Obasanjo, I. (2019). Do Parliamentary Gender Quotas Decrease Gender Inequality? The Case of African Countries. Constitutional Political Economy, 30(2), 149-176. google scholar
15. Duflo, E. (2012). Women Empowerment and Economic Development. Journal of Economic literature, 50(4), 1051-79. google scholar
16. Fichter, J. (1994). Sosyoloji Nedir?. Nilgün Çelebi.(Çev.). Ankara: Atilla Kitabevi. google scholar
17. Henslin, J.M. (2003). Social Problems. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. google scholar
18. Hessami, Z., & Da Fonseca, M. L. (2020). Female Political Representation and Substantive Effects on Policies: A Literature Review. European Journal of Political Economy, 63, 101896. google scholar
19. Jayachandran, S. (2015). The Roots of Gender Inequality in Developing Countries. Economics, 7(1), 63-88. google scholar
20. Naz, A., & Ahmad, W. (2012). Socio-Cultural Impediments to Women Political Empowerment in Pakhtun Society. Academic Research International, 3(1), 163. google scholar
21. Norris, P., & Inglehart, R. (2004). Cultural Barriers to Women’s Leadership: A Worldwide Comparison. Journal of Democracy, 14, 1-29. google scholar
22. OECD (2021a). Social Institutions and Gender (indicator). doi: 10.1787/7b6cfcf0-en (Erişim tarihi: 01 Kasım 2021) google scholar
23. OECD (2021b). Women In Politics (indicator). doi: 10.1787/edc3ff4f-en (Erişim tarihi: 01 Kasım 2021) google scholar
24. Panday, P. K. (2008). Representation Without Participation: Quotas for Women in Bangladesh. International Political Science Review, 29(4), 489-512. google scholar
25. Parsons, T. (1951). The Social System. England: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. google scholar
26. Paxton, P. (1997). Women in National Legislatures: A Cross-National Analysis. Social Science Research, 26(4), 442-464. google scholar
27. Rivas, M. F. (2013). An Experiment on Corruption and Gender. Bulletin of Economic Research, 65(1), 10-42. google scholar
28. Sullivan, T.J. (2003). Introduction to Social Problems. Boston: Pearson Education. google scholar
29. Türkkahraman, M. (2009). Teorik ve Fonksiyonal Açıdan Toplumsal Kurumlar ve Kurumlararası İlişkiler. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 14, 25-46. google scholar
30. UNICEF (2017). Glossary of Terms and Concepts. UNICEF: Regional Office for South Asia. google scholar
31. Xu, L. (2015). Effects of Female Political Participation on Economic Growth: Evidence From Asian Countries. Master Thesis. Lund, Sweden: Lund University. google scholar
32. Waring, M; Greenwood, G & and Christine, P. (2000). Politics: Women’s lnsight. Geneva, Switzerland: Inter-Parliamentary Union. google scholar
33. World Bank (2001). Engendering Development: Through Gender Equality in Rights, Resources, and Voice. Oxford: Oxford University Press andWorld Bank. google scholar