Research Article
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Year 2023, Volume: 33 Issue: 1, 1 - 21, 04.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/LITERA2022-1099679

Abstract

References

  • Alighieri, D. (1867). The Divine Comedy. London: George Routledge & Sons. Translated by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. google scholar
  • Brooker, J. S., & Bentley, J. (1990). Reading ‘The Waste Land’: Modernism and the Limits of Interpretation. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. google scholar
  • Conrad, J. (2002). Heart of Darkness and Other Tales. Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Cook, Eleanor. (1979). “T. S. Eliot and the Carthaginian Peace.” ELH, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 341-55. JSTOR, https://doi. org/10.2307/2872618. Accessed 3 Aug. 2022. google scholar
  • Day, R. A. (1965). The “City Man” in The Waste Land: The Geography of Reminiscence. PMLA, 80(3), 285-291. Doi:10/2307/461276 google scholar
  • Dickens, Ch. (1998). Our Mutual Friend. London: Penguin Books. google scholar
  • Eliade, M. (1954). The Myth of the Eternal Return. NY: Pantheon Books. google scholar
  • Eliot, T. S. (1920). The Sacred Wood: Essays on Poetry and Criticism. London: Methuen & Co. google scholar
  • Eliot, T. S. (1963). Murder in Cathedral. New York: A Harvest Book. Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc. google scholar
  • Eliot. T. S. (1964). Selected Poems. New York: A Harvest Book. Harcourt, Inc. google scholar
  • Eliot, T. S. (1971). The Waste Land: A Facsimile and Transcript of the Original Drafts Including the Annotations of Ezra Pound. Ed. Valerie Eliot. London: Faber & Faber. google scholar
  • Eliot, T. S. (1975). The Music of Poetry. Selected Prose of T. S. Eliot. Ed. F. Kermode, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. google scholar
  • Eliot, T. S. (1997). The Influence of Landscape upon the Poet. Daedalus, 126(1), 352-352. http://www.jstor.org/ stable/20027421 google scholar
  • Eliot, T. S. (2016). The Letters of T. S. Eliot Volume 6: 1932-1933. London: Faber & Faber. google scholar
  • Ellul, J. (1970). The Meaning of the City. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. google scholar
  • Frazer, J. G. (1894). The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion. Vol. 1. New York and London: Macmillan and Co. google scholar
  • Gish, N. (1988). The Waste Land: A Poem of Memory and Desire. Boston: Twayne Publishers. google scholar
  • Gurr, J. M. (2015). The Modernist Poetic of Urban Memory and the Structural Analogies between “City” and “Text: The Waste Land and Benjamin’s Arcades Project, In: Recovery and Transgression: Memory in American Poetry. Ed. Kornelia Freitag. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 21-37. Retrieved from: academia. edu google scholar
  • Hargove, N. D. (1978). Landscape as a symbol in the Poetry of T. S. Eliot. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. google scholar
  • Joyce, J. (1946). Ulysses. New York: Random House. google scholar
  • Kenner, H. (2015). The Urban Apocalypse. Eliot in His Time: Essays on the Occasion of the Fiftieth Anniversary of ‘The google scholar
  • Waste Land.’ Ed. Litz, A. Walton, Princeton University Press. pp. 23-50. google scholar
  • Kenner, H. (1959). The Invisible Poet: T. S. Eliot. New York: Ivan Obolensky, Inc. google scholar
  • King James Bible: The Book of the Prophet Ezekiel https://www.gutenberg.org/files/10/10-h/10-h.htm google scholar
  • Lehan, R. (2009). Literary Modernism and Beyond. Louisiana State University Press. google scholar
  • Martin, P. (2018). T. S. Eliot: Cities and the City. In: Tambling, J. (eds) The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Urban Literary Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62592-8_73-1 google scholar
  • Martindale, C. (1995). Ruins of Rome: T. S. Eliot and the Presence of the Past: Arion: A Journal of Humanities and the Classics, 3(2/3), 102-140. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20163575 google scholar
  • McLaughlin. J. (2000).Writing the Urban Jungle: Reading Empire in London from Doyle to Eliot. University Press of Virginia. google scholar
  • Meletinsky, E. (2000). The Poetics of Myth. New York: Routledge. Translated by G. Lanoue, A. Sadetsky. google scholar
  • Morrison, S. (2015). Geographies of Space: Mapping and Reading the Cityscape. In: Mcintire, G. (eds) The Cambridge Companion to The Waste Land. Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Oettinger, N. (2013). Before Noah: Possible Relics of the Flood-Myth in Proto-Indo-Iranian and Earlier. [in:] Proceedings of the 24th Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference, ed. S.W. Jamison, H.C. Melchert, B. Vine, Bremen: Hempen. pp. 169-183. Retrieved from: http://academia.edu google scholar
  • Paige, D. D. (1971). Ed. Selected Letters of Ezra Pound 1907-1941. New York: New Directions. google scholar
  • Pike, B. (1981). The Image of the City in Modern Literature. Princeton: Princeton University Press. google scholar
  • Shakespeare, W. (1994). Hamlet, prince of Denmark. The Tragedies of William Shakespeare. New York: The Modern Library. google scholar
  • Smith, G. (1971). T. S. Eliot’s Poetry and Plays. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. google scholar
  • Weston, J. L. (1957). From Ritual to Romance. New York: Doubleday Anchor Books. google scholar
  • Wirth-Nesher, H. (1996). City Codes: Reading the Modern Urban Novel. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Wolfreys, J. (2007). Writing London Volume 3: Inventions of the City. Palgrave Macmillan. google scholar

Mythopoeic Image of the City in T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land

Year 2023, Volume: 33 Issue: 1, 1 - 21, 04.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.26650/LITERA2022-1099679

Abstract

This paper is devoted to a discussion of landscape as a symbolic and suggestive artistic space in The Waste Land. The setting of the poem was urban. With all their symbolic and allusive complexity, the centers of the poem - a pub, churches, gardens, rooms, and desert - could be seen as separate subjects of discussion. The paper briefly discusses the influence of the urban environment on Eliot’s poetry and argues that the poet makes use of material from urban daily life to construct a mythopoeic image of the city. Eliot’s “mythical method” was characterized by composing a multilayered and faceted, cubistic structure ordered and given a shape through the mythical schemes. The multidimensional mythical situation in the poem was created by a multi-voiced narrator, while the city was the relevant environment, an “objective correlative,” where many different voices could be heard simultaneously. The paper discusses prophets as central figures of the poem. Tiresias, who witnessed the creation and destruction - the entire life circle of Thebes, actualized the topic of the cyclical time in the poem, while the Sibyl of Cumae, who could move from this world to Hades in Aeneid, enacted the main mythopoeic quality in the poem: to transmit the reader through London to every city of the world.

References

  • Alighieri, D. (1867). The Divine Comedy. London: George Routledge & Sons. Translated by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. google scholar
  • Brooker, J. S., & Bentley, J. (1990). Reading ‘The Waste Land’: Modernism and the Limits of Interpretation. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. google scholar
  • Conrad, J. (2002). Heart of Darkness and Other Tales. Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Cook, Eleanor. (1979). “T. S. Eliot and the Carthaginian Peace.” ELH, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 341-55. JSTOR, https://doi. org/10.2307/2872618. Accessed 3 Aug. 2022. google scholar
  • Day, R. A. (1965). The “City Man” in The Waste Land: The Geography of Reminiscence. PMLA, 80(3), 285-291. Doi:10/2307/461276 google scholar
  • Dickens, Ch. (1998). Our Mutual Friend. London: Penguin Books. google scholar
  • Eliade, M. (1954). The Myth of the Eternal Return. NY: Pantheon Books. google scholar
  • Eliot, T. S. (1920). The Sacred Wood: Essays on Poetry and Criticism. London: Methuen & Co. google scholar
  • Eliot, T. S. (1963). Murder in Cathedral. New York: A Harvest Book. Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc. google scholar
  • Eliot. T. S. (1964). Selected Poems. New York: A Harvest Book. Harcourt, Inc. google scholar
  • Eliot, T. S. (1971). The Waste Land: A Facsimile and Transcript of the Original Drafts Including the Annotations of Ezra Pound. Ed. Valerie Eliot. London: Faber & Faber. google scholar
  • Eliot, T. S. (1975). The Music of Poetry. Selected Prose of T. S. Eliot. Ed. F. Kermode, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. google scholar
  • Eliot, T. S. (1997). The Influence of Landscape upon the Poet. Daedalus, 126(1), 352-352. http://www.jstor.org/ stable/20027421 google scholar
  • Eliot, T. S. (2016). The Letters of T. S. Eliot Volume 6: 1932-1933. London: Faber & Faber. google scholar
  • Ellul, J. (1970). The Meaning of the City. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. google scholar
  • Frazer, J. G. (1894). The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion. Vol. 1. New York and London: Macmillan and Co. google scholar
  • Gish, N. (1988). The Waste Land: A Poem of Memory and Desire. Boston: Twayne Publishers. google scholar
  • Gurr, J. M. (2015). The Modernist Poetic of Urban Memory and the Structural Analogies between “City” and “Text: The Waste Land and Benjamin’s Arcades Project, In: Recovery and Transgression: Memory in American Poetry. Ed. Kornelia Freitag. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 21-37. Retrieved from: academia. edu google scholar
  • Hargove, N. D. (1978). Landscape as a symbol in the Poetry of T. S. Eliot. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi. google scholar
  • Joyce, J. (1946). Ulysses. New York: Random House. google scholar
  • Kenner, H. (2015). The Urban Apocalypse. Eliot in His Time: Essays on the Occasion of the Fiftieth Anniversary of ‘The google scholar
  • Waste Land.’ Ed. Litz, A. Walton, Princeton University Press. pp. 23-50. google scholar
  • Kenner, H. (1959). The Invisible Poet: T. S. Eliot. New York: Ivan Obolensky, Inc. google scholar
  • King James Bible: The Book of the Prophet Ezekiel https://www.gutenberg.org/files/10/10-h/10-h.htm google scholar
  • Lehan, R. (2009). Literary Modernism and Beyond. Louisiana State University Press. google scholar
  • Martin, P. (2018). T. S. Eliot: Cities and the City. In: Tambling, J. (eds) The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Urban Literary Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62592-8_73-1 google scholar
  • Martindale, C. (1995). Ruins of Rome: T. S. Eliot and the Presence of the Past: Arion: A Journal of Humanities and the Classics, 3(2/3), 102-140. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20163575 google scholar
  • McLaughlin. J. (2000).Writing the Urban Jungle: Reading Empire in London from Doyle to Eliot. University Press of Virginia. google scholar
  • Meletinsky, E. (2000). The Poetics of Myth. New York: Routledge. Translated by G. Lanoue, A. Sadetsky. google scholar
  • Morrison, S. (2015). Geographies of Space: Mapping and Reading the Cityscape. In: Mcintire, G. (eds) The Cambridge Companion to The Waste Land. Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Oettinger, N. (2013). Before Noah: Possible Relics of the Flood-Myth in Proto-Indo-Iranian and Earlier. [in:] Proceedings of the 24th Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference, ed. S.W. Jamison, H.C. Melchert, B. Vine, Bremen: Hempen. pp. 169-183. Retrieved from: http://academia.edu google scholar
  • Paige, D. D. (1971). Ed. Selected Letters of Ezra Pound 1907-1941. New York: New Directions. google scholar
  • Pike, B. (1981). The Image of the City in Modern Literature. Princeton: Princeton University Press. google scholar
  • Shakespeare, W. (1994). Hamlet, prince of Denmark. The Tragedies of William Shakespeare. New York: The Modern Library. google scholar
  • Smith, G. (1971). T. S. Eliot’s Poetry and Plays. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. google scholar
  • Weston, J. L. (1957). From Ritual to Romance. New York: Doubleday Anchor Books. google scholar
  • Wirth-Nesher, H. (1996). City Codes: Reading the Modern Urban Novel. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. google scholar
  • Wolfreys, J. (2007). Writing London Volume 3: Inventions of the City. Palgrave Macmillan. google scholar
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Creative Arts and Writing
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ketevan Jmukhadze 0000-0001-5320-606X

Publication Date July 4, 2023
Submission Date April 6, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 33 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Jmukhadze, K. (2023). Mythopoeic Image of the City in T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies, 33(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.26650/LITERA2022-1099679
AMA Jmukhadze K. Mythopoeic Image of the City in T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land. Litera. July 2023;33(1):1-21. doi:10.26650/LITERA2022-1099679
Chicago Jmukhadze, Ketevan. “Mythopoeic Image of the City in T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land”. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies 33, no. 1 (July 2023): 1-21. https://doi.org/10.26650/LITERA2022-1099679.
EndNote Jmukhadze K (July 1, 2023) Mythopoeic Image of the City in T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies 33 1 1–21.
IEEE K. Jmukhadze, “Mythopoeic Image of the City in T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land”, Litera, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 1–21, 2023, doi: 10.26650/LITERA2022-1099679.
ISNAD Jmukhadze, Ketevan. “Mythopoeic Image of the City in T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land”. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies 33/1 (July 2023), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.26650/LITERA2022-1099679.
JAMA Jmukhadze K. Mythopoeic Image of the City in T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land. Litera. 2023;33:1–21.
MLA Jmukhadze, Ketevan. “Mythopoeic Image of the City in T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land”. Litera: Journal of Language, Literature and Culture Studies, vol. 33, no. 1, 2023, pp. 1-21, doi:10.26650/LITERA2022-1099679.
Vancouver Jmukhadze K. Mythopoeic Image of the City in T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land. Litera. 2023;33(1):1-21.