BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER ÇEVRE PROGRAMI ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME

Year 2013, Volume: 33 Issue: 1, 61 - 90, 03.03.2016

Ali Kayhan

Abstract

1972 tarihli Stockholm Bildirisini müteakip kurulan Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı (UNEP), kurulduğu tarihten itibaren Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) yapısı içerisinde çevre faaliyetlerinde önemli rol oynamıştır. Çevre yönetimi, ozon tabakasının incelmesi, iklim değişikliği, denizlere ilişkin bölgesel programlar gibi birçok alanda Devletlerin işbirliğini sağlamaya çalışmış, kalkınmakta olan Devletlerin çevre faaliyetlerine katkıda bulunmuştur. Günümüzde, küresel çevre sorunların artması ve çevreye ilişkin uluslararası çok farklı düzenlemelerin meydana getirilmesi ile bir program olarak etkinliği tartışmalara konu olmuştur. Programın BM içerisinde zayıf bulunması ve mali açıdan kısıtlı imkânlarla yönetilmesi uluslararası toplumda eleştirilere konu olmuş ve yerine yeni bir uluslararası örgüt kurulması veya güçlendirilerek yenilenmesi hususunda çeşitli fikirler ortaya atılmış- tır. Benzeri görüşler BM Genel Kurulunda da dile getirilmiş ve yakın geçmişte evrensel üyelik sistemine geçilmesi ve BM genel bütçesinde payının arttırılması gibi çeşitli adımlar atılmıştır. Elbette bu adımların yeterliliği de ayrıca tartışmaya açıktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı, BMÇP, Uluslararası Çevre Örgütleri, Uluslararası Çevre Hukuku, Rio+20 Zirvesi, Birleşmiş Milletler Genel Kurul Kararı 67/213.

Keywords

Birleşmiş Milletler Çevre Programı, BMÇP, Uluslararası Çevre

A REVIEW OF UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM

Abstract

Since its implementation after the Stockholm Declaration in 1972, the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), has played a significant role in environmental activi- ties in the United Nations (UN) System. UNEP has sought the coordination of states in areas such as environmental governance, depletion of the ozone layer, climate change and the regional seas; it has also assisted the developing states in environmental activi- ties. Nowadays, a world with increasing global environmental problems and variety of arrangements presents the question whether UNEP is sufficient as a UN Program. UNEP has been criticized by the international community for being a weak program in the UN system with limited sources. Strengthening the UNEP or establishing a new environmental organization are some of the ideas put forward. UNEP has been a topic of discussion in the United Nations General Assembly for some time, and recently a number of decisions were taken to increase the general budget and to enable universal membership. There is yet another debate about whether those actions will be sufficient or not.

Keywords

United Nations Environment Program, UNEP, International Environmental Organizations, International Environmental Law, Rio+20 Summit, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 67/213

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