Investor-Citizenship Concept in Comparative Law and Turkish Law: Ius Pecuniae

Year 2018, Volume: 38 Issue: 1, 191 - 216, 05.09.2018

Alper Çağrı Yılmaz

Abstract

Recently, many states have started to develop programs that facilitate the citizenship applications of wealthy individuals
investing in their adopted countries. In comparative law, some states entitle the investors to reside in the country,
and the acquisition of citizenship comes after the usual requirements for residency and other conditions are met. On
the other hand, in some of the other state and administration practices, investors are allowed to acquire citizenship
directly, without going through the normal naturalization procedures. The main criticism of the doctrine toward investor
citizenship concept is the lack of a genuine link, based on the notion of the Nottebohm case of the International Court
of Justice, between the individual and the state and society. The regulation enabling foreign investors to acquire Turkish
citizenship has recently been approved in Turkish law, by means of the sub-paragraph (b) added to the first paragraph of
Article 12 of the Turkish Citizenship Act No. 5901. The main point of criticism in the doctrine is also valid for Turkish law,
in terms of certain types of investment, which are enshrined in the aforementioned Act. 

Keywords

Investment, Investor citizenship, Citizenship in condition with residence

Mukayeseli Hukukta ve Türk Hukukunda Yatırımcı Vatandaşlık Olgusu: Ius Pecuniae

Abstract

Günümüzde pek çok devlet, ülkelerinde yatırım yapan varlıklı bireylerin, o devletin vatandaşlığını kolaylaştırılmış biçimde

kazanmasına imkân tanıyan bazı programlar geliştirmektedir. Mukayeseli hukukta bazı devletlerin hukuk nizamlarında

yatırımcılara, öncelikle ilgili ülkede ikamet etme hakkı verilmekte, vatandaşlığın iktisabı ise söz konusu ikamet şartı ve

öngörülen diğer şartların karşılanmasından sonra gündeme gelmektedir. Buna karşılık başka bazı devlet ve yönetim

uygulamalarında ise ikamet ve diğer şartlar aranmaksızın, yatırımcıların doğrudan vatandaşlık kazanabilmelerine imkân

tanınmaktadır. Yatırımcı vatandaşlık olgusuna ilişkin doktrindeki eleştiri noktasını, temeli Uluslararası Adalet Divanının

Nottebohm kararına dayanan, birey ile devlet ve toplum arasında gerçek bir bağ kurulamaması oluşturmaktadır. Türk

hukukunda yabancı yatırımcıların Türk vatandaşlığını kazanmalarına imkân sağlayan düzenleme, yakın zamanda, 5901

sayılı Türk Vatandaşlığı Kanununun 12. maddesinin birinci fıkrasına eklenen (b) bendiyle kabul edilmiştir. Doktrindeki

temel eleştiri, Türk hukukunda söz konusu düzenlemeyle uygulamaya konan bazı yatırım türleri bakımından da geçerlilik

arz etmektedir.

Keywords

Yatırım, Yatırımcı vatandaşlık, İkamet şartlı vatandaşlık

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