ICSID Konvansiyonu Kapsamında Bulut Bilişimin Yatırım Olarak Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2018, Volume: 38 Issue: 2, 519 - 545, 28.12.2018

Fatih Burak Uzun

Abstract

Verinin değerinin ortaya çıkarılabilmesi, ancak yüksek miktarda işlem gücü kullanılması ile mümkün olabilir. Söz konusu
yüksek işlem gücünün temini için en elverişli yol, bulut bilişim hizmetleridir. Bulut bilişim hizmetleri, tüm dünyada
hükümetler tarafından çeşitli müdahalelerle karşılaşmaktadır. Bu müdahalelerin en önemlileri, verilerin ya da veri işleme
sistemlerinin lokalizasyonuna (ülke sınırları içerisinde tutulmasının zorunlu kılınması) ilişkin olanlardır. Bulut bilişim
hizmetlerinin neredeyse her zaman uluslararası ölçekte sunulduğu göz önüne alındığında; bulut bilişim hizmetlerinin söz
konusu müdahalelerden korunmasına ilişkin olarak, 1960’lı yıllarda imzalanmış olan ve yabancı yatırımların korunmasını
hedefleyen, ICSID Konvansiyonu’nun kullanılıp kullanılamayacağı konusunun incelenmesi ihtiyacı doğmuştur. ICSID
Konvansiyonu, yatırımcılar ve devletler arasındaki yatırımlara ilişkin uyuşmazlıkların çözümlenmesi için tarafsız tahkim
heyetleri oluşturulmasına imkân vermektedir. ICSID tahkim heyetlerinin bir uyuşmazlık üzerinde yetki sahibi olabilmesinin
en önemli koşullarından birisi, ilgili uyuşmazlığın bir yatırıma ilişkin olmasıdır. Buna rağmen ICSID Konvansiyonu, yatırım
terimine ilişkin herhangi bir tanım içermemektedir. Doktrinde ve içtihatlarda yatırım teriminin tanımlanması için temel
olarak iki ana görüş bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan ilki, terimin tanımlanması görevinin taraflara ait olduğunu savunan görüştür.
İkinci görüş ise; tarafların yatırım teriminin tanımını birlikte belirlemesi ile yatırım teşkil eden ekonomik aktivitenin belirli
objektif kriterleri karşılayabilmesi koşullarının birlikte sağlanmasını aramaktadır. Bulut bilişim hizmetleri, her iki görüşe
göre de gereken koşulları sağlayabilmektedir.

Keywords

Bulut programlama, Veri, Bölgeselleştirme, Yatırım, ICSID

Cloud Computing as an Investment Under the ICSID Convention

Abstract

Extracting data’s value can only be possible by using a high amount of processing power. The most eligible way of procuring
such amount of processing power is using cloud computing services. Cloud computing services face several interventions
by governments around the globe. The most notable interventions relate to the localization of data and data processing
facility. Since cloud computing services nearly always provided internationally, there is a need to explore the possibility
of protecting cloud computing services from those interventions by using a legal tool from the 1960s namely the ICSID
Convention which allows forming arbitrational tribunals to solve investment disputes between investors and states. One
of the conditions for ICSID tribunals to have jurisdiction over disputes is that the dispute at hand must be related to
an investment. However, the ICSID Convention does not contain a definition of the investment term. Mainly, there are
two different approaches among the case law and legal doctrine for defining the investment term. The first approach is
leaving the duty of defining the term to the parties. The second approach requires simultaneous fulfilment of the parties’
consent and certain objective criteria. Cloud computing services can meet the required criteria under those approaches.

Keywords

Cloud computing, Data, Localization, Investment, ICSID

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