Yaşlı Ebeveynlere Bakım Vermeye Yönelik Tutumlar: Kültürel ve Bazı Sosyal-Demografik Değişkenlerin Rolü

Abstract

Bu çalışmada yaşlı ebeveynlere bakım vermeye yönelik tutumlar (evlat yükümlülüğü normları ve gelecekte ebeveyne bakım verme niyeti), kültürel (özerklik ve ilişkisellik değerleri ile çocuğun araçsal ve psikolojik değeri) ve bazı sosyo-demografik (aile yaşam birimi ve anne ve baba eğitim düzeyi) değişkenlerle ilişkili olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmaya 364 üniversite öğrencisi katılmıştır. Çalışmada katılımcılar, Evlat Yükümlülüğü Normları Ölçeği, Gelecekte Ebeveyni Destekleme Niyeti Ölçeği, Değerler Ölçeği, Çocuğun Değeri Ölçeği ve sosyo- demografik bilgi formu doldurmuştur. Bulgulara göre aile yaşam birimi büyük şehir olan katılımcılar, olmayanlara göre maddi evlat yükümlülüğü normları ve çocuğun araçsal ve psikolojik değeri bakımından daha düşük puan almıştır ve böylece görece az toplulukçu özellikler sergilemiştir. Anneleri düşük eğitim düzeyine sahip olan katılımcılar, çocuğun araçsal değeri bakımından daha yüksek puan almıştır ve böylece kuşaklararası ekonomik bağımlılığa görece fazla önem vermiştir. Babaları düşük eğitim düzeyine sahip olan katılımcılar, maddi ve duygusal evlat yükümlülüğü normları, çocuğun araçsal ve psikolojik değeri ve ilişkisellik değerleri bakımından daha yüksek puan almıştır ve böylece görece fazla toplulukçu özellikler sergilemiştir. Hiyerarşik regresyon analizi bulgularına göre maddi evlat yükümlülüğü normları, baba eğitim durumu, çocuğun araçsal ve psikolojik değeri ve ilişkisellik değerleri tarafından yordanmıştır. Duygusal evlat yükümlülüğü normları ise çocuğun psikolojik değeri ve ilişkisellik değerleri tarafından yordanmıştır. Gelecekte anne-babaya bakım verme niyeti, cinsiyet ve maddi evlat yükümlülüğü normları tarafından yordanmıştır. Bulgular, ilgili alan yazın bağlamında, sosyoekonomik gelişmişlik düzeyi yükseldikçe Türkiye’de aile ve kuşaklararası ilişkilere dair toplulukçu eğilimlerin ve çocuğun hem araçsal hem de psikolojik değerinin azalma eğilimine dikkat çekmektedir. Anne-babaya bakım verme niyeti ise sosyal-duygusal temelli evlat yükümlülüğü normları ile değil, hiyerarşi yönelimli evlat yükümlülüğü normları ile ilişkilidir. Çalışmanın bulguları aile değişim modeline ve yaşlı bakımı konusunda sosyal politikalar geliştirilmesine yönelik önerileri bakımından önemlidir.

Keywords

• Evlat yükümlülüğü normları
• çocuğun araçsal ve psikolojik değeri
• özerklik ve ilişkisellik değerleri
• aile değişim modeli
• sosyo-demografik değişkenler

Attitudes toward Caring for Older Parents: The Role of Cultural and Sociodemographic Variables

Abstract

This paper presents research that investigated attitudes toward caring for older parents, including filial obligation norms and the intention to support parents in the future. It explores the relationship between these attitudes and cultural values (relatedness and autonomy and instrumental and psychological values of chilldren) and sociodemographic factors (family living situation, maternal and paternal educational levels). This study involved 364 university students who completed the measures of filial obligation norms, intention to support parents in the future, cultural values, value of children, and sociodemographic variables. Results indicated that participants from urban areas were less inclined to endorse material family obligation norms and instrumental and psychological values of children compared with their non-urban counterparts, reflecting lower levels of collectivist tendencies. Moreover, participants with lower maternal educational levels demonstrated higher levels of children’s instrumental value, highlighting their emphasis on intergenerational dependencies. Similarly, those with lower paternal educational levels demonstrated higher endorsement of material and emotional filial obligation norms, as well as instrumental and psychological values of children, indicating stronger collectivist tendencies. Hierarchal regression analyses revealed that paternal education level, instrumental and psychological values of children, and relatedness values predicted material filial obligation norms, while psychological values of children and relatedness values predicted emotional filial obligation norms. Furthermore, the intention to support parents in the future was predicted by gender and material filial obligation norms. In the context of relevant literature, the results show a decline in familial and intergenerational collectivist characteristics, as well as instrumental and psychological values of children, in Türkiye with socioeconomic development. The intention to support parents in the future was associated with hierarchy-oriented filial obligation norms. These findings are significant for informing family change models and the development of social policies aimed at caring for older people.

Keywords

• Filial obligation norms
• instrumental and psychological values of children
• relatedness and autonomy values
• family change models
• sociodemographic variables

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