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Attitudes toward Caring for Older Parents: The Role of Cultural and Sociodemographic Variables

Year 2024, , 78 - 105, 30.04.2024

Nagihan Taşdemir

https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2022-1121214

Abstract

This paper presents research that investigated attitudes toward caring for older parents, including filial obligation norms and the intention to support parents in the future. It explores the relationship between these attitudes and cultural values (relatedness and autonomy and instrumental and psychological values of chilldren) and sociodemographic factors (family living situation, maternal and paternal educational levels). This study involved 364 university students who completed the measures of filial obligation norms, intention to support parents in the future, cultural values, value of children, and sociodemographic variables. Results indicated that participants from urban areas were less inclined to endorse material family obligation norms and instrumental and psychological values of children compared with their non-urban counterparts, reflecting lower levels of collectivist tendencies. Moreover, participants with lower maternal educational levels demonstrated higher levels of children’s instrumental value, highlighting their emphasis on intergenerational dependencies. Similarly, those with lower paternal educational levels demonstrated higher endorsement of material and emotional filial obligation norms, as well as instrumental and psychological values of children, indicating stronger collectivist tendencies. Hierarchal regression analyses revealed that paternal education level, instrumental and psychological values of children, and relatedness values predicted material filial obligation norms, while psychological values of children and relatedness values predicted emotional filial obligation norms. Furthermore, the intention to support parents in the future was predicted by gender and material filial obligation norms. In the context of relevant literature, the results show a decline in familial and intergenerational collectivist characteristics, as well as instrumental and psychological values of children, in Türkiye with socioeconomic development. The intention to support parents in the future was associated with hierarchy-oriented filial obligation norms. These findings are significant for informing family change models and the development of social policies aimed at caring for older people.

Keywords

Filial obligation norms instrumental and psychological values of children relatedness and autonomy values family change models sociodemographic variables

Project Number

Bulunmamaktadır.

References

  • Albertini, M. ve Mantovani, D. (2022). Older parents and filial support obligations: A comparison of family solidarity norms between native and immigrant populations in Italy. Ageing & Society, 42(11), 2556-2587. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X21000106. google scholar
  • Alper, S. (2016). Mastering the chaos by asserting agency: Randomness salience and its effects for different models of agency. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Middle East Technical University. google scholar
  • Akyil, Y., Prouty, A., Blanchard, A. ve Lyness, K. (2016). Experiences of families transmitting values in a rapidly changing society: Implications for family therapists. Family Process, 55(2), 368-381. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12163. google scholar
  • Ar, Y. ve Karanci, A. N. (2019). Turkish adult children as caregivers of parents with Alzheimer’s disease: Perceptions and caregiving experiences. Dementia, 18(3), 882-902. https://doi.org/10.1177/1471301217693400. google scholar
  • Bedford, O. ve Hwang, K. K. (2003). Guilt and shame in Chinese culture: A cross-cultural framework from the perspective of morality and identity. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 33(2), 127-144. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5914.00210. google scholar
  • Bedford, O. ve Yeh, K. H. (2019). The history and the future of the psychology of filial piety: Chinese norms to contextualized personality construct. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 100-111. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00100. google scholar
  • Burr, J. A. ve Mutchler, J. E. (1999). Race and ethnic variation in norms of filial responsibility among older persons. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61(3), 674-687. https://doi.org/10.2307/353569. google scholar
  • Chan, C. L., Ho, A. H., Leung, P. P., Chochinov, H. M., Neimeyer, R. A., Pang, S. M. ve Tse, D. M. (2012). The blessings and the curses of filial piety on dignity at the end of life: Lived experience of Hong Kong Chinese adult children caregivers. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 21(4), 277-296. https://doi.org/10.1080/15313204.2012.729177. google scholar
  • Cheung, C. K. ve Kwan, A. Y. H. (2009). The erosion of filial piety by modernisation in Chinese cities. Ageing & Society, 29(2), 179-198. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X08007836. google scholar
  • Chow, N. (2006). The practice of filial piety and its impact on long-term care policies for elderly people in Asian Chinese communities. Asian Journal of Gerontology & Geriatrics, 1(1), 31-35. google scholar
  • de Valk, H. A. G. ve Schans, D. (2008). ‘They ought to do this for their parents’: Perceptions of filial obligations among immigrant and Dutch older people. Ageing & Society, 28(1), 49-66. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X07006307. google scholar
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  • Dykstra, P. A. ve Fokkema, T. (2012). Norms of filial obligation in the Netherlands. Population, 67(1), 97-122. google scholar
  • Ganong, L. ve Coleman, M. (2005). Measuring intergenerational obligations. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67(4), 1003-1011. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2005.00190.x. google scholar
  • Gans, D. ve Silverstein, M. (2006). Norms of filial responsibility for aging parents across time and generations. Journal of Marriage and Family, 68(4), 961-976. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00307.x. google scholar
  • Hwang, W., Kim, J. H., Brown, M. T. ve Silverstein, M. (2023). Do religious transitions from early to established adulthood predict filial elder-care norms?. Journal of Marriage and Family, 85(1), 173-192. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12833. google scholar
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  • Ho, D. Y. F. (1994). Filial piety, authoritarian moralism, and cognitive conservatism in Chinese societies. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 120(3), 347-365. google scholar
  • Hummert, M. L. (2007). A research agenda for family communication. The Journal of Family Communication, 7(1), 3-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/15267430709336666. google scholar
  • Ikkink, K. K., Van Tilburg, T. ve Knipscheer, K. C. (1999). Perceived instrumental support exchanges in relationships between elderly parents and their adult children: Normative and structural explanations. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61(4), 831-844. https://doi.org/10.2307/354006. google scholar
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1996). The autonomous-related self: A new synthesis. European Psychologist, 1(3), 180-186. google scholar
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2005). Autonomy and relatedness in cultural context: Implications for self and family. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36, 403-422. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022105275959. google scholar
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  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2013). Adolescent autonomy-relatedness and the family in cultural context: What is optimal? Journal of Research on Adolescence, 23(2), 223-235. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12041. google scholar
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2014). Kültürleşme ve aile ilişkileri. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 17(34), 120-127. google scholar
  • Kağitcibasi, C., Ataca, B. ve Diri, A. (2010). Intergenerational relationships in the family: Ethnic, socioeconomic, and country variations in Germany, Israel, Palestine, and Turkey. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 41(5-6), 652-670. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022110372193. google scholar
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, C. ve Ataca, B. (2015). Value of children, family change, and implications for the care of the elderly. Cross-Cultural Research, 49(4), 374-392. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397115598139. google scholar
  • Kam, C., Zhou, X., Zhang, X. ve Ho, M. Y. (2012). Examining the dimensionality of self-construals and individualistic-collectivistic values with random intercept item factor analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 53(6), 727-733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.05.023. google scholar
  • Liu, Y. L. (2013). Autonomy, filial piety, and parental authority: a two-year longitudinal investigation. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 174(5), 557-581. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2012.706660. google scholar
  • Liu, J. H., Ng, S. H., Weatherall, A. ve Loong, C. (2000). Filial piety, acculturation, and intergenerational communication among New Zealand Chinese. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 22(3), 213-223. google scholar
  • Lowenstein, A. ve Daatland, S. O. (2006). Filial norms and family support in a comparative cross-national context: Evidence from the OASIS study. Ageing & Society, 26(2), 203-223. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X05004502. google scholar
  • Mottram, S. A. ve Hortacsu, N. (2005). The effects of social change on relationships between older mothers and daughters in Turkey: A qualitative study. Ageing & Society, 25(5), 675-691. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X05004022. google scholar
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  • Ohta, M. ve Kai, I. (2007). The cross-validity of the filial obligation scale. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 45(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2006.07.004. google scholar
  • Rogers-Sirin, L., Yanar, C., Yüksekbaş, D., Senturk, M. I. ve Sirin, S. (2017). Religiosity, cultural values, and attitudes toward seeking psychological services in Turkey. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 48(10), 1587-1604. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022117732532. google scholar
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  • Schwartz, S. H. ve Boehnke, K. (2004). Evaluating the structure of human values with confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 38(3), 230-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00069-2. google scholar
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Yaşlı Ebeveynlere Bakım Vermeye Yönelik Tutumlar: Kültürel ve Bazı Sosyal-Demografik Değişkenlerin Rolü

Year 2024, , 78 - 105, 30.04.2024

Nagihan Taşdemir

https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2022-1121214

Abstract

Bu çalışmada yaşlı ebeveynlere bakım vermeye yönelik tutumlar (evlat yükümlülüğü normları ve gelecekte ebeveyne bakım verme niyeti), kültürel (özerklik ve ilişkisellik değerleri ile çocuğun araçsal ve psikolojik değeri) ve bazı sosyo-demografik (aile yaşam birimi ve anne ve baba eğitim düzeyi) değişkenlerle ilişkili olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmaya 364 üniversite öğrencisi katılmıştır. Çalışmada katılımcılar, Evlat Yükümlülüğü Normları Ölçeği, Gelecekte Ebeveyni Destekleme Niyeti Ölçeği, Değerler Ölçeği, Çocuğun Değeri Ölçeği ve sosyo- demografik bilgi formu doldurmuştur. Bulgulara göre aile yaşam birimi büyük şehir olan katılımcılar, olmayanlara göre maddi evlat yükümlülüğü normları ve çocuğun araçsal ve psikolojik değeri bakımından daha düşük puan almıştır ve böylece görece az toplulukçu özellikler sergilemiştir. Anneleri düşük eğitim düzeyine sahip olan katılımcılar, çocuğun araçsal değeri bakımından daha yüksek puan almıştır ve böylece kuşaklararası ekonomik bağımlılığa görece fazla önem vermiştir. Babaları düşük eğitim düzeyine sahip olan katılımcılar, maddi ve duygusal evlat yükümlülüğü normları, çocuğun araçsal ve psikolojik değeri ve ilişkisellik değerleri bakımından daha yüksek puan almıştır ve böylece görece fazla toplulukçu özellikler sergilemiştir. Hiyerarşik regresyon analizi bulgularına göre maddi evlat yükümlülüğü normları, baba eğitim durumu, çocuğun araçsal ve psikolojik değeri ve ilişkisellik değerleri tarafından yordanmıştır. Duygusal evlat yükümlülüğü normları ise çocuğun psikolojik değeri ve ilişkisellik değerleri tarafından yordanmıştır. Gelecekte anne-babaya bakım verme niyeti, cinsiyet ve maddi evlat yükümlülüğü normları tarafından yordanmıştır. Bulgular, ilgili alan yazın bağlamında, sosyoekonomik gelişmişlik düzeyi yükseldikçe Türkiye’de aile ve kuşaklararası ilişkilere dair toplulukçu eğilimlerin ve çocuğun hem araçsal hem de psikolojik değerinin azalma eğilimine dikkat çekmektedir. Anne-babaya bakım verme niyeti ise sosyal-duygusal temelli evlat yükümlülüğü normları ile değil, hiyerarşi yönelimli evlat yükümlülüğü normları ile ilişkilidir. Çalışmanın bulguları aile değişim modeline ve yaşlı bakımı konusunda sosyal politikalar geliştirilmesine yönelik önerileri bakımından önemlidir.

Keywords

Evlat yükümlülüğü normları çocuğun araçsal ve psikolojik değeri özerklik ve ilişkisellik değerleri aile değişim modeli sosyo-demografik değişkenler

Supporting Institution

Bulunmamaktadır.

Project Number

Bulunmamaktadır.

Thanks

Teşekkür ederim

References

  • Albertini, M. ve Mantovani, D. (2022). Older parents and filial support obligations: A comparison of family solidarity norms between native and immigrant populations in Italy. Ageing & Society, 42(11), 2556-2587. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X21000106. google scholar
  • Alper, S. (2016). Mastering the chaos by asserting agency: Randomness salience and its effects for different models of agency. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Middle East Technical University. google scholar
  • Akyil, Y., Prouty, A., Blanchard, A. ve Lyness, K. (2016). Experiences of families transmitting values in a rapidly changing society: Implications for family therapists. Family Process, 55(2), 368-381. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12163. google scholar
  • Ar, Y. ve Karanci, A. N. (2019). Turkish adult children as caregivers of parents with Alzheimer’s disease: Perceptions and caregiving experiences. Dementia, 18(3), 882-902. https://doi.org/10.1177/1471301217693400. google scholar
  • Bedford, O. ve Hwang, K. K. (2003). Guilt and shame in Chinese culture: A cross-cultural framework from the perspective of morality and identity. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 33(2), 127-144. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5914.00210. google scholar
  • Bedford, O. ve Yeh, K. H. (2019). The history and the future of the psychology of filial piety: Chinese norms to contextualized personality construct. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 100-111. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00100. google scholar
  • Burr, J. A. ve Mutchler, J. E. (1999). Race and ethnic variation in norms of filial responsibility among older persons. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61(3), 674-687. https://doi.org/10.2307/353569. google scholar
  • Chan, C. L., Ho, A. H., Leung, P. P., Chochinov, H. M., Neimeyer, R. A., Pang, S. M. ve Tse, D. M. (2012). The blessings and the curses of filial piety on dignity at the end of life: Lived experience of Hong Kong Chinese adult children caregivers. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 21(4), 277-296. https://doi.org/10.1080/15313204.2012.729177. google scholar
  • Cheung, C. K. ve Kwan, A. Y. H. (2009). The erosion of filial piety by modernisation in Chinese cities. Ageing & Society, 29(2), 179-198. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X08007836. google scholar
  • Chow, N. (2006). The practice of filial piety and its impact on long-term care policies for elderly people in Asian Chinese communities. Asian Journal of Gerontology & Geriatrics, 1(1), 31-35. google scholar
  • de Valk, H. A. G. ve Schans, D. (2008). ‘They ought to do this for their parents’: Perceptions of filial obligations among immigrant and Dutch older people. Ageing & Society, 28(1), 49-66. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X07006307. google scholar
  • Dinn, A. A. ve Sunar, D. (2017). A cross-cultural and within-culture comparison of child-rearing practices and their correlates. Turkish Journal of Psychology, 32(79), 111-114. google scholar
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (2015). World Report on Ageing and Health. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/health-topics/ageing#tab=tab_1. google scholar
  • Dykstra, P. A. ve Fokkema, T. (2012). Norms of filial obligation in the Netherlands. Population, 67(1), 97-122. google scholar
  • Ganong, L. ve Coleman, M. (2005). Measuring intergenerational obligations. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67(4), 1003-1011. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2005.00190.x. google scholar
  • Gans, D. ve Silverstein, M. (2006). Norms of filial responsibility for aging parents across time and generations. Journal of Marriage and Family, 68(4), 961-976. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00307.x. google scholar
  • Hwang, W., Kim, J. H., Brown, M. T. ve Silverstein, M. (2023). Do religious transitions from early to established adulthood predict filial elder-care norms?. Journal of Marriage and Family, 85(1), 173-192. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12833. google scholar
  • Herlofson, K., Hagestad, G., Slagsvold, B. ve S0rensen, A. M. (2011). Intergenerational family responsibility and solidarity in Europe. Norwegian Social Research. http://www.multilinks-project.eu/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/herlofson_deliverable1.pdf. google scholar
  • Ho, D. Y. F. (1994). Filial piety, authoritarian moralism, and cognitive conservatism in Chinese societies. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 120(3), 347-365. google scholar
  • Hummert, M. L. (2007). A research agenda for family communication. The Journal of Family Communication, 7(1), 3-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/15267430709336666. google scholar
  • Ikkink, K. K., Van Tilburg, T. ve Knipscheer, K. C. (1999). Perceived instrumental support exchanges in relationships between elderly parents and their adult children: Normative and structural explanations. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61(4), 831-844. https://doi.org/10.2307/354006. google scholar
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1996). The autonomous-related self: A new synthesis. European Psychologist, 1(3), 180-186. google scholar
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2005). Autonomy and relatedness in cultural context: Implications for self and family. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36, 403-422. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022105275959. google scholar
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2007). Family, self, and human development: Theory and application (2. baskı). Lawrence Erlbaum. google scholar
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2013). Adolescent autonomy-relatedness and the family in cultural context: What is optimal? Journal of Research on Adolescence, 23(2), 223-235. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12041. google scholar
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2014). Kültürleşme ve aile ilişkileri. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 17(34), 120-127. google scholar
  • Kağitcibasi, C., Ataca, B. ve Diri, A. (2010). Intergenerational relationships in the family: Ethnic, socioeconomic, and country variations in Germany, Israel, Palestine, and Turkey. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 41(5-6), 652-670. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022110372193. google scholar
  • Kağıtçıbaşı, C. ve Ataca, B. (2015). Value of children, family change, and implications for the care of the elderly. Cross-Cultural Research, 49(4), 374-392. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397115598139. google scholar
  • Kam, C., Zhou, X., Zhang, X. ve Ho, M. Y. (2012). Examining the dimensionality of self-construals and individualistic-collectivistic values with random intercept item factor analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 53(6), 727-733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.05.023. google scholar
  • Liu, Y. L. (2013). Autonomy, filial piety, and parental authority: a two-year longitudinal investigation. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 174(5), 557-581. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.2012.706660. google scholar
  • Liu, J. H., Ng, S. H., Weatherall, A. ve Loong, C. (2000). Filial piety, acculturation, and intergenerational communication among New Zealand Chinese. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 22(3), 213-223. google scholar
  • Lowenstein, A. ve Daatland, S. O. (2006). Filial norms and family support in a comparative cross-national context: Evidence from the OASIS study. Ageing & Society, 26(2), 203-223. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X05004502. google scholar
  • Mottram, S. A. ve Hortacsu, N. (2005). The effects of social change on relationships between older mothers and daughters in Turkey: A qualitative study. Ageing & Society, 25(5), 675-691. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X05004022. google scholar
  • Ng, S. H. (2002). Will families support their elders? Answers from across cultures. T. D. Nelson (Ed.), Ageism: Stereotyping and prejudice against older persons içinde (s. 295-309). The MIT Press. google scholar
  • Ohta, M. ve Kai, I. (2007). The cross-validity of the filial obligation scale. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 45(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2006.07.004. google scholar
  • Rogers-Sirin, L., Yanar, C., Yüksekbaş, D., Senturk, M. I. ve Sirin, S. (2017). Religiosity, cultural values, and attitudes toward seeking psychological services in Turkey. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 48(10), 1587-1604. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022117732532. google scholar
  • Sakman, E. (2016). Functionality of insecure attachment in cultural context as an early alarm and escape system. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Middle East Technical University. google scholar
  • Schwarz, B., Chakkarath, P., Trommsdorff, G., Schwenk, O. ve Nauck, B. (2001). Report on selected instruments of the values of children main study. Unpublished manuscript, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany. google scholar
  • Schwartz, S. H. ve Boehnke, K. (2004). Evaluating the structure of human values with confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 38(3), 230-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00069-2. google scholar
  • Silverstein, M., Conroy, S. J. ve Gans, D. (2012). Beyond solidarity, reciprocity and altruism: Moral capital as a unifying concept in intergenerational support for older people. Ageing & Society, 32(7), 1246-1262. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X1200058X. google scholar
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There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Social and Personality Psychology (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nagihan Taşdemir 0000-0001-5358-0684

Project Number Bulunmamaktadır.
Publication Date April 30, 2024
Submission Date May 25, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Taşdemir, N. (2024). Yaşlı Ebeveynlere Bakım Vermeye Yönelik Tutumlar: Kültürel ve Bazı Sosyal-Demografik Değişkenlerin Rolü. Studies in Psychology, 44(1), 78-105. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2022-1121214
AMA Taşdemir N. Yaşlı Ebeveynlere Bakım Vermeye Yönelik Tutumlar: Kültürel ve Bazı Sosyal-Demografik Değişkenlerin Rolü. Studies in Psychology. April 2024;44(1):78-105. doi:10.26650/SP2022-1121214
Chicago Taşdemir, Nagihan. “Yaşlı Ebeveynlere Bakım Vermeye Yönelik Tutumlar: Kültürel Ve Bazı Sosyal-Demografik Değişkenlerin Rolü”. Studies in Psychology 44, no. 1 (April 2024): 78-105. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2022-1121214.
EndNote Taşdemir N (April 1, 2024) Yaşlı Ebeveynlere Bakım Vermeye Yönelik Tutumlar: Kültürel ve Bazı Sosyal-Demografik Değişkenlerin Rolü. Studies in Psychology 44 1 78–105.
IEEE N. Taşdemir, “Yaşlı Ebeveynlere Bakım Vermeye Yönelik Tutumlar: Kültürel ve Bazı Sosyal-Demografik Değişkenlerin Rolü”, Studies in Psychology, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 78–105, 2024, doi: 10.26650/SP2022-1121214.
ISNAD Taşdemir, Nagihan. “Yaşlı Ebeveynlere Bakım Vermeye Yönelik Tutumlar: Kültürel Ve Bazı Sosyal-Demografik Değişkenlerin Rolü”. Studies in Psychology 44/1 (April 2024), 78-105. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2022-1121214.
JAMA Taşdemir N. Yaşlı Ebeveynlere Bakım Vermeye Yönelik Tutumlar: Kültürel ve Bazı Sosyal-Demografik Değişkenlerin Rolü. Studies in Psychology. 2024;44:78–105.
MLA Taşdemir, Nagihan. “Yaşlı Ebeveynlere Bakım Vermeye Yönelik Tutumlar: Kültürel Ve Bazı Sosyal-Demografik Değişkenlerin Rolü”. Studies in Psychology, vol. 44, no. 1, 2024, pp. 78-105, doi:10.26650/SP2022-1121214.
Vancouver Taşdemir N. Yaşlı Ebeveynlere Bakım Vermeye Yönelik Tutumlar: Kültürel ve Bazı Sosyal-Demografik Değişkenlerin Rolü. Studies in Psychology. 2024;44(1):78-105.

Psikoloji Çalışmaları / Studies In Psychology / ISSN- 1304-4680