Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Ebeveynlik Stillerini Algılayışları ve Bu Algının Ebeveyn-Çocuk Değer Benzerliğine Etkisi

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı, üniversiteli gençlerin algıladıkları ebeveynlik stillerinin, gençler ile ebeveynlerinin değerlerinin benzerliğinde biçimlendirici etkisi olup olmadığını incelemektir. Araştırmada Kişisel Bilgi Formları, Schwartz Değer Anketi (Kuşdil ve Kağıtçıbaşı, 2000) ve Çocuk Yetiştirme Stilleri Ölçeği (Sümer ve Güngör, 1999) kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, üniversiteli gençlerin yenilikçi değerlere, ebeveynlerine göre daha çok önem verdiklerini göstermiştir. Algı- lanan ebeveynlik stillerinin üniversiteli öğrencilerin değerleri üzerinde, Uyma değeri dışında, doğrudan etkisi görülmezken; biçimlendirici etkilerinin olduğu, özellikle de babaların gençler tarafından kabul edici ve ilgili algılanıp algılanmamasının, baba-genç değer benzerliğinde etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Yine, ebeveynden algılanan kontrol ile ebeveynlerin uyma ve itaate dayalı değerlere verdiği önemin, gençlerin söz konusu değerleri benimsemesinde etkili olduğu görülmüştür. 

Keywords

• algılanan ebeveynlik stilleri, değer sosyalleşmesi, nesiller arası değer benzerliği

University Students’ Perception of Parenting Styles and the Effect of This Perception on the Similarity of Parent-Child Values

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the moderating effect of perceptions of university students about their parents’s parenting styles on the resemblance between their values and their parents’ values. In the study, Personal Information Forms, Schwartz Value Survey (Kuşdil and Kağıtçıbaşı, 2000) and Child-Rearing Styles Scale (Sümer and Güngör, 1999) were used to gather data. Results showed that university students value openness to change more than their parents. While there was no direct effect of perceived parenting styles on the values of university students other than their conformity value, there were some moderating effects; especially it was seen that perceiving fathers as accepting and concerned had an effect on the father-child value resemblance. Again, perceived parental control had an effect on the resemblance of conformity and obedience values between parents and their children. 

Keywords

• perceived parental styles,value socialization,intergenerational value resemblance

References

1. Acock, A. C. ve Bengtson, V. L. (1980). Socialization and attribution: actual versus perceived similarity among parents and youth. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 42, 501–515.
2. Altuntaş, G. ve Dönmez, D. (2010). Girişimcilik yönelimi ve örgütsel performans ilişkisi: Çanakkale bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren otel işletmelerinde bir araştırma. İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi Istanbul University Journal of the School of Business Administration, 39(1), 50–74.
3. Barber, B. K. (1996). Parental psychological control: revisiting a neglected construct. Child Development, 67(6), 3296–3319.
4. Baumrind, D. (1972). An exploratory study of socialization effects on black children: some black-white comparison. Child Development, 43, 261–267.
5. Bengtson, V. L. (1975). Generation and the family effects in value socialization. Ame- rican Sociological Review, 40(3), 358-371.
6. Cabrera, N.J., Tamis-LeMonda, C.S., Bradley, R.H., Hofferth, S., & Lamb, M.E. (2000). Fatherhood in the twenty-first century. Child Development, 71, 127–136.
7. Cohen, J. (1987). Parents as educational models and definers. Journal of Marriage and Family, 49(2), 339–351.
8. Çileli, M. ve Tezer, E. (1998). Life and value orientations of Turkish university students. Adolescence, 33(129), 219-229.

9. Darling, N. ve Steinberg, N. (1993). Parenting style as context: an integrative model. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 487–496.
10. Grusec, J. E. (2002). Parental socialization and children’s acquisition of values. M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: practical issues in parenting, (2nd ed.), 5, (s. 143–167), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
11. Grusec, J. E. ve Hastings, P.D. (Eds.). (2007). Hand book of socialization theory and research, The Guilford Press, Newyork, London.
12. Güngör, D. (2008). The meaning of parental control in migrant, sending and host com- munities: adaptation or persistence? Applied Psychology: An International Review, 57(3), 397-416.
13. Güngör, D. ve Bornstein, M. H. (2010). Culture-general and –specific associations of attachment avoidance and anxiety with perceived parental warmth and psychological control among Turk and Belgian adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 33, 593–602.
14. Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1970). Social norms and authoritarianism: a Turkish American com- parison. Journal of Personality And Social Psychology, 16(3), 444-451.
15. Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1990). İnsan, aile, kültür, Remzi Kitabevi, İstanbul.
16. Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2007): Family, self, and human development: theory and application, (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
17. Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. Ve Ataca, B. (2005). Value of children and family change: a three-decade portrait from Turkey. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 54(3), 317–337.
18. Karadeniz, G. (2010). Parenting styles accordance with the values of mothers and grandmothers. In R. Zukauskiene (Ed.), XIV European conference on developmental psychology ECDP, 277–282, Lithuania.
19. Karakitapoğlu, Z. A. ve İmamoğlu, E. O. (2002). Value domains of Turkish adults and university students. The Journal of Social Psychology, 142(3), Washington.
20. Knafo, A. ve Schwartz, S. H. (2003). Parenting and adolescents’ accuracy in perceiving parental values. Child Development, 74(2), 595–611.
21. Kundakçı, F.S. (2007). İktidar, ataerkillik ve erkeklik: Ankara örneğinde erkek akade- misyenler üzerine bir çalışma, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi A.B.D., Ankara.
22. Kuşdil, M. E. ve Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (2000). Türk öğretmenlerin değer yönelimleri ve Schwartz Değer Kuramı. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 15(45), 59-76.
23. Maccoby, E. E. (2007). Historical overview of socialization research and theory, J. E., Grusec ve P. D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of socialization theory and research, (s.13–41), The Guilford Pres, Newyork, London.
24. Maccoby, E. E. ve Martin, J. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: parent- child interaction. In E. M. Hetherington ve P.H. Musseen (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology 4, (s.1–104), Newyork: Wiley.
25. Martinez, I. vr Garcia, J. F. (2008). Internalization of values and self-esteem among Brazilian teenagers from authoritative, indulgent, authoritarian and neglectful homes. Adolescence, 43, 13–29.
26. Miller, R. B. ve Glass, J. (1989). Parent-child attitude similarity across the life course. Journal of Marriage and Family, 51(4), 991–997.
27. Roccas, S., Sagiv, L., Schwartz, S. H. ve Knafo, A. (2002). The big five personality factors and personal values. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 789–801.
28. Rohner, R. P. (2000). The warmth dimension: foundations of parental acceptance rejection theory,(2nd ed.). America: National Council of Family Relations.
29. Rokeach, M. (1973). The nature of human values. New York: The Free Press.
30. Schönpflug, U. (2001). Intergenerational transmission of values: the role of transmis- sion belts. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32, 174.
31. Schwartz, S. H. (1990). Individualism-collectivism: critique and proposed refinements. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 21, 139–157.
32. Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: theoretical advances and empirical tests in 20 countries. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, 25, (s.1–65), New York: Academic Press.
33. Schwartz, S. H. (1994). Are there universal aspects in the structure and contents of human values? Journal of Social Issues, 50, 19–45.
34. Schwartz, S. H. (2006). Les valeurs de base de la personne: théorie, mesures et appli- cations [Basic human values: theory, measurement and applications]. Revue Française de Sociologie, 42, 249-288.
35. Schwartz, S.H. (2014). Rethinking the concept and measurement of societal culture in light of empirical findings. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 45(1), 5-13.
36. Schwartz, S. H. ve Bardi A. (2001).Value hierarchies across cultures: taking a simila- rities perspective. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32; 268.
37. Schwartz, S. H. ve Bilsky, W. (1990). Toward a theory of the universal content and structure of values: extensions and crosscultural replications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 878–891.
38. Schwartz, S. H., ve Sagiv, L. (1995). Identifying culture-specifies in the content and structure of values. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 27, 231-264.
39. Smith, P. B. ve Schwartz, S. H. (1997). Values. J. W. Berry, M. H., Segal ve Ç. Kağıt- çıbaşı (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural Psychology (2nd Ed), 77-118.
40. Steinberg, L., Mounts, N. S., Lamborn, S. D. ve Dornbusch, S. M. (1991). Authoritative parenting and adolescent adjustment across varied ecological niches. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 1, 19–36.
41. Steinberg, L., Lamborn, S. D., Darling, N., Mounts, N. S. ve Dornbusch, S. M. (1994). Over-time changes in adjustment and competence among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent and neglectful families. Child Development, 65, 754–770.
42. Sümer, N. (2000). Yapısal eşitlik modelleri: temel kavramlar ve örnek uygulamalar. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 3(6), 49-74.
43. Sümer, N., ve Güngör, D. (1999). Çocuk yetiştirme stillerinin bağlanma stilleri, benlik değerlendirmeleri ve yakın ilişkiler üzerindeki etkisi. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 14(44), 35-38.
44. Tamis-LeMonda, C. S. (2003). Cultural perspectives on the ‘whats’ and ‘whys’ of parenting. Human Development, 46, 319–327.
45. Triandis, H. C. (2001). Individualism-Collectivism and Personality. Journal of Per- sonality, 69(6), 907-921.
46. Türker, A. V. (2007). Çalışan bireylerin anne-babalarına yönelik algıladıkları çocuk yetiştirme davranışları ile benlik saygıları, örgütsel tutumları ve psikosomatik şikayetleri arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış
47. Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul, Turkey.
48. Vollebergh, W. A. M., Iedema, J. ve Raaijmakers, Q. A. (2001). Intergenerational
49. transmission and the formation of cultural orientations in adolescence young adulthood. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63(4), 1185-1198.
50. Whitbeck, L.B. ve Gecas, V. (1988). Values attributions and value transmission between parents and children. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50, 829–840. Teşekkür
51. Bu araştırmaya, istatistiksel analiz yöntemlerinin seçimi ve yorumlanması konusunda destek veren Doç. Dr. H. Özlem Sertel Berk’e teşekkürü borç biliriz.