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Duygusal Uyarılmışlığın Tanıma Belleği Üzerindeki Ketleyici Etkisi: Nesne içi ve Nesneler arası Bağlantıların Karşılaştırılması

Year 2019, , 293 - 320, 24.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2019-0020

Abstract

Nesne Temelli İlişkilendirme Kuramı’na göre, duygusal uyarılmışlık bir uyaranın içsel özelliğiyle olan bağlantısının hatırlanmasını kolaylaştırırken, dışsal özelliğiyle olan bağlantısının hatırlanmasını zayıflattığını ya da bu bağlantının hatırlanmasına bir etkisi olmadığını öne sürmektedir. Bu çalışma, nesne içi ve nesneler arası bağlantıların bellekte güncellenmesinde negatif duygusal uyarılmışlığın etkilerini araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Negatif duygusal uyarılmışlık içerikli içsel (nesne içi) eşleşmelerin dışsal (nesneler arası) eşleşmelere göre daha yüksek düzeyde ileriye ket vurmaya neden olması beklenmiştir. Duygu koşulları için seçilen öfkeli, üzgün ve nötr yüz ifadeleri, nötr nesneler olarak çeşitli şapkalar ile eşleştirilmiştir. Nesne içi koşulda şapka, yüz ifadesinin üzerinde bitişik şekilde nesnenin içsel bir özelliği olarak sunulmuşken, nesneler arası koşulda yüz ifadesinin yanında ayrık dışsal bir özellik olarak sunulmuştur. Katılımcılar ilk önce bir dizi yüz-şapka eşleşmelerini öğrenmişler, ardından daha önce gördükleri yüzler ile yeni şapka eşleşmelerini öğrenmişlerdir. Test aşamasında katılımcılar, yarısı doğru yarısı yanlış eşleştirilerek sunulan ikinci listedeki eşleşmelerin doğru mu, yanlış mı olduğuna karar vermişlerdir. Elde edilen veriler Sinyal Tespit Kuramı temelinde incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar nesne içi koşuldaki öfkeli yüzşapka eşleşmelerinin yanlış alarm (YA) oranının, nesneler arası koşuldaki öfkeli yüz-şapka eşleşmelerinin YA oranına göre daha yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Yüksek YA oranı, negatif duygusal uyarılmışlık koşulunda nesne içi eşleşmelerin güncellenmesinin zorlaştığına işaret etmektedir. Bellek duyarlılığı (d’) analizi sonuçlarına göre her bir duygu açısından nesneler arası eşleşme koşulundaki katılımcılar, nesne içi eşleşme koşulundaki katılımcılara göre doğru ve yanlış eşleşmeleri birbirlerinden daha iyi ayırt edebilmişlerdir. Hem YA hem duyarlılık sonuçları birlikte ele alındığında, araştırma hipotezlerinin desteklendiği, nesne içi eşleşme koşulunda yüksek uyarılmışlığın ileriye ket vurmaya yol açtığı ve böylece belleğin güncellenmesini zorlaştırdığı görülmektedir. Bu sonuçlar Nesne Temelli İlişkilendirme Kuramı’nın, duygusal uyarılmışlığın nesne içi bilginin hatırlanmasında güçlendirici etki ortaya çıkarttığı açıklamasını desteklemektedir.

References

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Interference Effects of Emotional Arousal on Recognition Memory: Comparison of Within-object and Between-object Bindings

Year 2019, , 293 - 320, 24.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2019-0020

Abstract

According to the Object-based Binding Theory, emotional arousal enhances within-object binding, but impairs or does not affect between-object memory binding. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of negative emotional arousal on memory updating of within-object and between-object associations. Negative emotional arousal was expected to cause a higher level of interference in intrinsic associations (within object condition) than in extrinsic associations (between object condition). Angry, sad and neutral facial expressions chosen for emotion conditions are paired with various hats as neutral objects. In the within-object condition, the hat was presented together with a face, while in the between-object condition, the hat was presented as a separate object distinct from the face. First, all participants learned a list of face-hat pairs, then learned a second list with the same faces paired with new hats. In the test phase, the second list of pairs was rearranged into half correct and half incorrect, and the participants decided whether the pairs were correct or incorrect. The data were analyzed on the basis of Signal Detection Theory. We found that higher false alarms were given to angry faces in the within-object condition than in the between-object condition. This high false alarm rate indicates that negative emotional arousal prevented memory updating of within-object associations. According to analysis of memory sensitivity, in all emotion conditions, correct and incorrect pairs were better discriminated in the between-object condition than in the within-object condition. When false alarm rates and sensitivity results are considered together, the hypotheses of the study are supported and it is seen that negative emotional arousal leads to proactive interference in the within-object condition and thus makes it difficult to update memory. These results are consistent with the OBT in that negative emotional arousal exerts an enhancing effect on remembering intrinsic features of objects.

References

  • .Bisby, J. A. ve Burgess, N. (2014). Negative affect impairs associative memory but not item memory. Learning and Memory, 21, 760–766. doi: 10.1101/lm.032409.113
  • Bradley, M. M., Greenwald, M. K., Petry, M. C. ve Lang, P. J. (1992). Remembering pictures: Pleasure and arousal in memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 18, 379–390. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.18.2.379
  • Cahill, L., Gorski, L. ve Le, K. (2003). Enhanced human memory consolidation with post-learning stress: Interaction with the degree of arousal at encoding. Learning & Memory, 10, 270–274. doi: 10 .1101/lm.62403
  • Cahill, L., Haier, R. J., Fallon, J., Alkire, M. T., Tang, C., Keator, D. ve ... McGaugh, J. L. (1996). Amygdala activity at encoding correlated with long-term, free recall of emotional information. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 93, 8016–8021. doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.15.8016
  • Cahill, L. ve McGaugh, J. L. (1995). A novel demonstration of enhanced memory associated with emotional arousal. Consciousness and Cognition, 4, 410–421. doi: 10.1006/ccog.1995.1048
  • Contini, L. ve Whissell, C. (1992). Memory disadvantages for CVC associates of emotional words. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 75(2), 427-431. doi:10.2466/pms.1992.75.2.427
  • D’Argembeau, A. ve Van der Linden, M. (2004). Influence of affective meaning on memory for contextual information. Emotion, 4(2), 173-188. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.4.2.173
  • Doerksen, S. ve Shimamura, A. P. (2001). Source memory enhancement for emotional words. Emotion, 1(1), 5-11. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.1.1.5
  • Dougal, S. ve Rotello, C. M. (2007). “Remembering” emotional words is based on response bias, not recollection. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14(3), 423-429. doi: 10.3758/BF03194083
  • Easterbrook, J. A. (1959). The effect of emotion on cue utilization and the organization of behavior. Psychological Review, 66(3), 183-201. doi: 10.1037/h0047707
  • Ebner, N. C., Riediger, M. ve Lindenberger, U. (2010). FACES—A database of facial expressions in young, middle-aged, and older women and men: Development and validation. Behavior Research Methods, 42(1), 351-362. doi: 10.3758/BRM.42.1.351
  • Guillet, R. ve Arndt, J. (2009). Taboo words: The effect of emotion on memory for peripheral information. Memory & Cognition, 37(6), 866-879. doi: 10.3758/MC.37.6.866
  • Hamann, S. B., Ely, T. D., Grafton, S. T. ve Kilts, C. D. (1999). Amygdala activity related to enhanced memory for pleasant and aversive stimuli. Nature Neuroscience, 2(3), 289. doi: 10.1038/6404.
  • Johnson, M. K., ve Raye, C. L. (2000). Cognitive and brain mechanisms of false memories and beliefs. D.L. Schacter ve E. Scarry (Eds.), Memory, brain, and belief içinde (ss. 35-86).
  • Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Kahneman, D., Treisman, A. ve Gibbs, B. J. (1992). The reviewing of object files: Object-specific integration of information. Cognitive Psychology, 24(2), 175-219. doi: 10.1016/00100285(92)90007-O
  • Kapucu, A., Rotello, C. M., Ready, R. E. ve Seidl, K. N. (2008). Response bias in “remembering” emotional stimuli: A new perspective on age differences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 34(3), 703-711. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.34.3.703
  • Kapucu, A., Arıkan İyilikçi, E., Eroğlu, S. ve Amado, S. (2018). Kodlama öncesi veya geri getirme öncesi sevk edilen korku ve kızgınlık duygularının tanıma belleği performansına etkileri. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 33(82), 85-99. doi: 10.31828/tpd.13004433.2018.82.02.06
  • Kaynak, H. ve Gökçay, D. (2017). Response bias shift for positive words in older adults in a surprise recognition memory task: An incidental encoding study. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics, 20, 331-343.
  • Kensinger, E. A., Brierley, B., Medford, N., Growdon, J. H. ve Corkin, S. (2002). Effects of normal aging and Alzheimer’s disease on emotional memory. Emotion, 2(2), 118-134. doi: 10.1037/15283542.2.2.118
  • Kensinger, E. A. ve Corkin, S. (2003). Memory enhancement for emotional words: Are emotional words more vividly remembered than neutral words? Memory & Cognition, 31(8), 1169-1180. doi: 10.3758/BF03195800
  • Kensinger, E. A. ve Schacter, D. L. (2008). Memory and emotion. M. Lewis, J. M. Haviland-Jones ve L. Barrett (Ed.), Handbook of emotions içinde (3. baskı) (ss. 601–617). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Knight, M., Seymour, T. L., Gaunt, J. T., Baker, C., Nesmith, K. ve Mather, M. (2007). Aging and goaldirected emotional attention: Distraction reverses emotional biases. Emotion, 7(4), 705-714. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.7.4.705
  • LaBar, K. S., Mesulam, M. M., Gitelman, D. R. ve Weintraub, S. (2000). Emotional curiosity: Modulation of visuospatial attention by arousal is preserved in aging and early-stage Alzheimer’s disease. Neuropsychologia, 38(13), 1734-1740. doi: 10.1016/S0028-3932(00)00077-4
  • Lang, P. J. (1980). Behavioral treatment and bio-behavioral assessment. J. B. Sidowski, J. H. Johnson ve T. A. Williams (Ed.), Technology in mental health care delivery systems içinde (ss. 119-167). Norwood, NY: Ablex.
  • Lee, K.Y., Lee, T.-H., Yoon, S.J., Cho, Y. S., Choi, J. S. ve Kim, H. T. (2010). Neural correlates of top–down processing in emotion perception: An ERP study of emotional faces in white noise versus noise-alone stimuli. Brain Research, 1337, 56-63. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.03.094
  • MacKay, D. G., Shafto, M., Taylor, J. K., Marian, D. E., Abrams, L. ve Dyer, J. R. (2004). Relations between emotion, memory, and attention: Evidence from taboo Stroop, lexical decision, and immediate memory tasks. Memory & Cognition, 32(3), 474-488. doi: 10.3758/BF03195840
  • MacKenzie, G., Powell, T. F. ve Donaldson, D. I. (2015). Positive emotion can protect against source memory impairment. Cognition and Emotion, 29(2), 236-250. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2014.911145
  • Macmillan, N. A. ve Creelman, C. D. (2005). Detection theory: A user’s guide (2. baskı). Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. Mather, M. (2007). Emotional arousal and memory binding: An object-based framework. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2(1), 33-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00028.x
  • Mather, M. ve Knight, M. (2008). The emotional harbinger effect: Poor context memory for cues that previously predicted something arousing. Emotion, 8(6), 850-860. doi:10.1037/a0014087
  • Mather, M. ve Nesmith, K. (2008). Arousal-enhanced location memory for pictures. Journal of Memory and Language, 58(2), 449-464. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2007.01.004
  • Mather, M. ve Sutherland, M. (2009). Disentangling the effects of arousal and valence on memory for intrinsic details. Emotion Review, 1(2), 118-119. doi: 10.1177/1754073908100435
  • Mather, M. ve Sutherland, M. R. (2011). Arousal-Biased Competition in Perception and Memory. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(2), 114-133. doi: 10.1177/1745691611400234
  • Mitchell, K. J., Mather, M., Johnson, M. K., Raye, C. L. ve Greene, E. J. (2006). A functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation of short-term source and item memory for negative pictures. Neuroreport, 17(14), 1543-1547. doi:10.1097/01.wnr.0000234743.50442.e5
  • Nagae, S. ve Moscovitch, M. (2002). Cerebral hemispheric differences in memory of emotional and nonemotional words in normal individuals. Neuropsychologia, 40(9), 1601-1607. doi: 10.1016/ S0028-3932(02)00018-0
  • Novak, D. L. ve Mather, M. (2009). The tenacious nature of memory binding for arousing negative items. Memory & Cognition, 37(7), 945-952. doi: 10.3758/MC.37.7.945
  • Nummenmaa, L., Hyönä, J. ve Calvo, M. G. (2006). Eye movement assessment of selective attentional capture by emotional pictures. Emotion, 6(2), 257-268. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.6.2.257
  • Pierce, B. H. ve Kensinger, E. A. (2011). Effects of emotion on associative recognition: Valence and retention interval matter. Emotion, 11(1), 139-144. doi: 10.1037/a0021287
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There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Aslan Karaaslan

Nour Siakir-oglou This is me

Aycan Kapucu This is me

Publication Date December 24, 2019
Submission Date March 4, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019

Cite

APA Karaaslan, A., Siakir-oglou, N., & Kapucu, A. (2019). Duygusal Uyarılmışlığın Tanıma Belleği Üzerindeki Ketleyici Etkisi: Nesne içi ve Nesneler arası Bağlantıların Karşılaştırılması. Studies in Psychology, 39(2), 293-320. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2019-0020
AMA Karaaslan A, Siakir-oglou N, Kapucu A. Duygusal Uyarılmışlığın Tanıma Belleği Üzerindeki Ketleyici Etkisi: Nesne içi ve Nesneler arası Bağlantıların Karşılaştırılması. Studies in Psychology. December 2019;39(2):293-320. doi:10.26650/SP2019-0020
Chicago Karaaslan, Aslan, Nour Siakir-oglou, and Aycan Kapucu. “Duygusal Uyarılmışlığın Tanıma Belleği Üzerindeki Ketleyici Etkisi: Nesne içi Ve Nesneler Arası Bağlantıların Karşılaştırılması”. Studies in Psychology 39, no. 2 (December 2019): 293-320. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2019-0020.
EndNote Karaaslan A, Siakir-oglou N, Kapucu A (December 1, 2019) Duygusal Uyarılmışlığın Tanıma Belleği Üzerindeki Ketleyici Etkisi: Nesne içi ve Nesneler arası Bağlantıların Karşılaştırılması. Studies in Psychology 39 2 293–320.
IEEE A. Karaaslan, N. Siakir-oglou, and A. Kapucu, “Duygusal Uyarılmışlığın Tanıma Belleği Üzerindeki Ketleyici Etkisi: Nesne içi ve Nesneler arası Bağlantıların Karşılaştırılması”, Studies in Psychology, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 293–320, 2019, doi: 10.26650/SP2019-0020.
ISNAD Karaaslan, Aslan et al. “Duygusal Uyarılmışlığın Tanıma Belleği Üzerindeki Ketleyici Etkisi: Nesne içi Ve Nesneler Arası Bağlantıların Karşılaştırılması”. Studies in Psychology 39/2 (December 2019), 293-320. https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2019-0020.
JAMA Karaaslan A, Siakir-oglou N, Kapucu A. Duygusal Uyarılmışlığın Tanıma Belleği Üzerindeki Ketleyici Etkisi: Nesne içi ve Nesneler arası Bağlantıların Karşılaştırılması. Studies in Psychology. 2019;39:293–320.
MLA Karaaslan, Aslan et al. “Duygusal Uyarılmışlığın Tanıma Belleği Üzerindeki Ketleyici Etkisi: Nesne içi Ve Nesneler Arası Bağlantıların Karşılaştırılması”. Studies in Psychology, vol. 39, no. 2, 2019, pp. 293-20, doi:10.26650/SP2019-0020.
Vancouver Karaaslan A, Siakir-oglou N, Kapucu A. Duygusal Uyarılmışlığın Tanıma Belleği Üzerindeki Ketleyici Etkisi: Nesne içi ve Nesneler arası Bağlantıların Karşılaştırılması. Studies in Psychology. 2019;39(2):293-320.

Psikoloji Çalışmaları / Studies In Psychology / ISSN- 1304-4680