Yıldırma, Örgütsel Sinizm, İş Doyumu ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti İlişkilerinde Seri Aracılık Etkileri: Örgütlerde Engelli Çalışanlar Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Year 2021, Volume: 41 Issue: 1, 199 - 229, 08.02.2021

Tezcan Zeynep Özkan Tilki Semra Güney Selin Metin Camgöz

https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2020-0008

Abstract

Dünyada bir milyardan fazla insan engelli olarak yaşamını sürdürmektedir, fakat hem sosyal yaşamda hem de iş yaşamında engelli bireylere yönelik sorunlar gündem olmamaktadır. Özellikle örgütlerde engelli çalışanlara yönelik yapılan çalışmalar oldukça azdır. Bu kapsamda çalışmanın amacı engelli çalışanlarda yıldırmanın işten ayrılma niyeti üzerindeki etkisinde, örgütsel sinizm ve iş doyumunun seri aracılık rolünü test etmektir. Kamu sektörü ve özel sektörde farklı meslek gruplarında çalışmakta olan 184 fiziksel, işitme, konuşma, öğrenme güçlüğü ve kronik hastalıkları olan engelli birey, uygunluk ve kartopu örnekleme yöntemleri ile seçilmiştir. Kamu sektöründe kullanılan %40 engellilik oranı çalışmaya dahil edilme kriteri olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu oranda ve bu oranın üzerinde engellilik raporuna sahip olan bireyler engelli olarak kabul edilmiştir. İlk olarak, ölçüm araçlarının faktör yapılarının uyumlu olup olmadığını ortaya koymak ve faktör geçerliklerini kontrol etmek için Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) yapılmıştır. Uyum indekslerinin incelenmesi sonucunda, veri setinin ölçüm modeline iyi uyum gösterdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmanın hipotezleri seri çoklu aracılık analizleri ile test edilmiştir. Bulgular, yıldırmanın örgütsel sinizm ve iş doyumunun seri aracılık etkisi yoluyla işten ayrılma niyetleri üzerinde dolaylı etkisi olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Başka bir ifadeyle engelli çalışanların yıldırmaya olan maruziyetleri arttıkça, sinizm düzeylerinin de yükseldiği, ardından iş doyumlarının azaldığı ve takiben işten ayrılma niyetlerinin de arttığı görülmüştür. Bulgular, engelli bireylerin iş yaşamında karşılaştıkları bir takım olumsuz tutum ve davranışları belirleyerek gerekli önlemlerin alınması ve uygulamaların düzenlenmesi ile ilgili topluma, yöneticilere ve çalışanlara ışık tutacak şekilde tartışılmıştır. İşle ilgili sorunlara, engelli bireylerden kaynaklanan bir eksiklik olarak bakmaktan ziyade sorunların toplumun bakış açısıyla ilgili olduğunu öne süren sosyal model yaklaşımıyla bakmanın önemi bu çalışma ile bir kez daha vurgulanmıştır. Çalışma ayrıca iş ortamında engelli bireylere yönelik olumsuz davranış ve tutumların etkilerinin belirlenmesinde gerekli uygulamaların yapılmasının önemine ışık tutmaktadır.

Keywords

Yıldırma, sinizm, iş doyumu, ayrılma niyeti, engellilik

Serial Mediation Effects on Relationships among Mobbing, Organizational Cynicism, Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention: Research on Disabled Individuals in Organizations

Abstract

More than one billion people in the world are living with disabilities, however, the challenges that these individuals face are not being discussed in the social and business realm. Consequently, there are very studies conducted for disabled employees in organizations. Taking this into consideration, the purpose of this study is to observe the effects of serial mediation among the relationships of mobbing, organizational cynicism, job satisfaction, and turnover intention. The sample of the study was comprised of 184 individuals who have a variety of disabilities such as physical, hearing, speech, and learning difficulties, as well as chronic diseases, working in private and state organizations within different sectors. The data was gathered by survey through convenience and snow ball sampling methods. The 40% disability rate used in the public sector was the determining factor of the inclusion criteria. Individuals that had a disability report at this rate or above were accepted as disabled and considered to be part of the study. The first part of the study comprised of determining the factorial structure of items in the scales utilizing the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). After examining the fit indices, it was concluded that the data set fit well within the measurement model. Serial multiple mediation analysis was used to test the proposed hypotheses of the study. The findings revealed that mobbing has an indirect effect on turnover intentions via the serial mediating effects of organizational cynicism and job satisfaction. In other words, as mobbing toward disabled workers increases, the level of organizational cynicism also increases. As a result, the job satisfaction decreases and thus results in higher levels of turnover intention in disabled individuals. The importance of looking at work-related problems with a social model approach that suggests that the problems are related to the perspective of the society rather than looking as a deficiency arising from individuals with disabilities has been emphasized once again with this study. The study also sheds light on the importance of creating necessary practices that determine the effects that negative behaviors and attitudes have toward individuals with disabilities within the work environment

Keywords

Mobbing, cynicism, job satisfaction, turnover intention, disability

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