Coronavirus Anxiety Inventory’s (CAI) Turkish Adaptation: Testing its Validity and Reliability

Year 2021, Volume: 41 Issue: 2, 711 - 734, 30.08.2021

Esra Asıcı Halil Sarı Abdi Güngör

Abstract

Understanding people’s psychological reactions to the pandemic is important in controlling the spread of disease and preventing psychological disorders associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. This study focuses on anxiety as a psychological reaction to the coronavirus pandemic. It aims to produce a Turkish adaptation of the Coronavirus Anxiety Inventory (CAI; Wheaton, Ward, Sanders, Reel, & van Meter, 2020) and examine its reliability and validity. The study participants consisted of 428 undergraduate students (335 females and 93 males) aged between 18 and 32 years. The researchers used Mplus and R programs for data analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to test the construct validity of the Turkish adaptation. Moreover, using correlation analysis, the researchers examined the relationship between CAI and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient was calculated to test the reliability of the scale. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the single-factor structure of the CAI with nine items had adequate fit indices, that is, it showed good features in terms of measuring coronavirus-related anxiety. Item factor loadings changed between 0.56 and 0.81, and Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient was 0.84. A statistically significant difference was found between the scores of the upper and lower 27% groups. Furthermore, statistically significant positive relationships between CAI and DASS were noted. Consequently, this study provides a number of evidences that the Turkish adaptation of CAI with nine items based on a seven-point Likert-type scale was a reliable and valid instrument for measuring coronavirus-related anxiety in undergraduate students. This research uses CAI to determine university students’ anxiety levels amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The researchers suggest that particular attention should be given to a balanced distribution in terms of gender and age in future studies.

Keywords

COVID-19, Coronavirus Anxiety Inventory, pandemic, anxiety, scale adaptation

Koronavirüs Anksiyete Envanteri (KAE): Türkçeye Uyarlama, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Abstract

Koronavirüs (COVID-19) pandemisinin kontrol edilmesi ve pandemiyle ilişkili psikolojik sorunların önlenmesi açısından, pandemiye karşı gösterilen psikolojik tepkileri anlamak önemlidir. Bu araştırma pandemi sürecinde gözlenen psikolojik tepkilerden biri olan anksiyeteye odaklanmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı, Koronavirüs Anksiyete Envanteri’ni (Wheaton, Ward, Sanders, Reel ve van Meter, 2020) Türkçeye uyarlamak ve ölçeğin geçerliğini ve güvenirliğini test etmektir. Araştırmaya yaşları 18 ile 32 arasında değişen, 335 kadın, 93 erkek olmak üzere toplam 428 lisans öğrencisi katılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Mplus ve R istatistik paket programları kullanılmıştır. Türkçe ölçek formunun yapı geçerliği doğrulayıcı faktör analizi aracılığıyla test edilmiştir. Ayrıca, Koronavirüs Anksiyete Envanteri ile Depresyon, Anksiyete ve Stres Ölçeği arasındaki ilişkiler korelasyon analiziyle incelenmiştir. Güvenirlik çalışmaları kapsamında Cronbach alfa iç tutarlılık katsayısı hesaplanmıştır. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda, Koronavirüs Anksiyete Envanteri’nin dokuz maddeden oluşan tek faktörlü yapısının yeterli uyum değerlerine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bir diğer deyişle, ölçeğin tek faktörlü yapısı koronavirüsle ilgili anksiyeteyi değerlendirme açısından iyi yapısal özelliklere sahiptir. Madde faktör yük değerleri .56 ile .81 arasında değişmiştir. Cronbach alfa iç tutarlılık katsayısı .84 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Alt ve üst %27’lik grupların ölçekten aldıkları puanlar arasındaki farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, Koronavirüs Anksiyete Envanteri ile depresyon, anksiyete ve stres arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde pozitif yönde ilişkiler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, araştırmada Koronavirüs Anksiyete Envanteri’nin 7’li Likert tipine dayanan dokuz maddelik Türkçe versiyonunun üniversite öğrencilerinin koronavirüsle ilgili yaşadığı anksiyeteyi değerlendirmede kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğuna ilişkin kanıtlar elde edilmiştir. Bu araştırmada, Koronavirüs Anksiyete Envanteri pandemi sürecinde üniversite öğrencilerinin anksiyete düzeyini belirlemek amacıyla kullanılmıştır. Gelecek çalışmaların, envanteri farklı yaş gruplarında ve cinsiyete göre daha dengeli bir katılımcı grubunda kullanması faydalı olabilir.

Keywords

COVID-19, Koronavirüs anksiyete envanteri, pandemi, anksiyete, ölçek uyarlama

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