Görsel Aramayı Keşfetmek: Geçmiş ve Güncel Bilgiler

Year 2025, Volume: 45 Issue: 1, 38 - 63, 07.05.2025

Cansu Kazan , Nilsu Bolat Zeynep Aksu Nihan Alp

https://doi.org/10.26650/SP2024-1455510

Abstract

Görsel arama, insanların görsel olarak zengin ortamlardaki belirli öğeleri nasıl algıladıklarını ve tanıdıklarını inceleyen, bilişsel psikoloji ve nörobilim için oldukça önemli bir paradigma olup, dikkat süreçleri, bilgi işleme ve çevresel farkındalık gibi bilişsel mekanizmaların anlaşılmasında temel bir araç olarak öne çıkar. Görsel arama paradigması, laboratuvar ortamlarında sabit ve kontrollü uyaranlar kullanarak görsel dikkati ve algıyı etkileyen çeşitli faktörleri anlamak için yaygın olarak kullanılan bir araştırma yöntemidir. Bununla birlikte, görsel arama, özellikle diğer insanlarla etkileşim söz konusu olduğunda, günlük yaşamımızda da son derece kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Görsel arama kalıbının bilimsel literatürde kullanılmaya başlaması 1940’lara kadar giderken, bu paradigmanın görsel bilişsel bilim araştırmalarında bir teknik olarak kullanılması 1970’lerde gerçekleşmiştir. Görsel aramanın bir araştırma aracı olmaktan çıkması ve kendi başına bir araştırma alanına evrilmesi Tresiman ve Galade’nin öncülüğünde 1980’lerde gerçekleşmiş ve bu yeni araştırma alanı 1990’ların başlarında görsel algı bilimcileri arasında oldukça popüler hale gelmiştir. Günümüzde halen kabul edilen ve sıkça alıntılanan tanımı, 2008 yılında Wolfe ve Horowitz tarafından literatüre kazandırılmış ve alandaki çalışmalar hız kesmeden gerçekleştirilmeye devam etmiştir. Günümüzde hala oldukça aktif bir araştırma alanı ve aracı olan görsel arama paradigması, bilişsel psikoloji ve nörobilim çalışmalarının yanında dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğu ve otizm spektrum bozukluğu gibi birçok farklı sinir gelişimsel rahatsızlıkta da tanısal bir yaklaşım olarak yaygın biçimde kullanılmaktadır. Bu derlemede, görsel arama paradigmasının 1980’lerden günümüze kadar olan evriminin, bilimsel toplulukça şimdiye kadar kabul edilmiş temel çalışma prensiplerinin ve mekanizmalarının üzerinden geçiyor ve görsel algı ve dikkat konu başlıkları altında bu paradigma kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiş deneysel çalışmaları araştırma alanlarına ayırarak inceliyoruz.

Keywords

Görsel arama, dikkat, algı, görme

Supporting Institution

TUBITAK 1001

Project Number

122N748

Thanks

Bu çalışma Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Kurumu (TÜBİTAK) tarafından desteklenmiştir (122K922). Yazarlar ayrıca makalenin ilk taslağı sırasında yardımlarından dolayı Buse Erdem'e teşekkür eder.

Exploring Visual Search: Past and Current Insights

Abstract

The visual search paradigm is a fundamental concept in cognitive psychology and neuroscience that seeks to understand how people perceive and recognize specific items in visually complex environments. It also serves as a fundamental tool for understanding cognitive mechanisms such as attentional processes, information processing, and environmental awareness. This paradigm is widely used in laboratory settings with consistent stimuli to gain a better understanding of the factors that influence visual perception and attention. In addition, visual search plays a significant role in our daily lives, particularly in social interactions. Although the phrase visual search has been used in scientific literature since the 1940s, its use as a technique in visual cognitive science research only began in the 1970s. It was not until the 1980s, pioneered by Tresiman and Galade, that visual search became a research field on its own, gaining significant popularity among visual perception scientists in the early 1990s. The current definition of visual search, which remains accepted and quoted to date, was introduced by Wolfe and Horowitz in 2008. Since then, studies in the field have continued to be carried out without slowing down. Today, the visual search paradigm not only remains an active research area of cognitive psychology and neuroscience but also a diagnostic approach in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder. In this paper, we review the evolution of the visual search paradigm from the 1980s to the present, discussing the principles and mechanisms that have been accepted by the scientific community thus far. Additionally, we review studies that have been conducted using this paradigm on the topics of visual perception and attention, categorizing them into research areas.

Keywords

Visual search, attention, perception, vision

Project Number

122N748

Thanks

This work was supported by The Scientific and Technological Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, grant number: 122K922). The authors would also like to thank Buse Erdem for her help during the initial draft of the manuscript.

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