John Lewis Burckhardt’ın Nil Yolculukları ve Nübye

Year 2024, , 261 - 282, 30.04.2024

Selda Güner Özden

https://doi.org/10.26650/jos.1439341

Abstract

18. yüzyıla dek Avrupalıların gözünde efsane ve gerçeklik arasında bir yerde konumlanan Afrika, kolonyalizmin etkisi altına girdikten sonra modern araştırmaların konusu haline gelmiştir. Diğer yandan 1841’de Mehmet Ali Paşa tarafından ele geçirildikten sonra Mısır ve Sudan arasında paylaşılamayan ve hatta çatışma konusu olan Nübye de bu kolonyal merakın ilgi alanına girmiştir. Bu çalışma, Türk tarih yazımında yeterince ele alınmamış olan Nübye’nin sosyo-ekonomik ve kültürel tarihini, İsviçreli seyyah John Lewis Burckhardt’ın gözlemlerini odağa alarak incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Burckhardt’ın 1809-1816 yılları arasında, African Association adına gerçekleştirdiği Biladü’ş-Şam, Mısır, Nübye ve Arabistan seyahatleri ve bu seyahatler esnasında tuttuğu notlar, bu incelemenin ana malzemesini oluşturmaktadır. Makalede ayrıca, Burckhardt’ın seyahat günlükleri ve mektuplarından oluşan Travels in Nubia (1819) adlı eseri ele alınacak ve 19. yüzyıl Nübyesi hakkındaki antropolojik gözlemleri incelenecektir. Yine bu çalışmada bir Avrupalı gezgini Afrika’da zorlu bir keşif yolculuğuna çıkmaya motive eden merak ve keşfetme arzusu mercek altına alınacak ve African Association’ın bu keşif faaliyetindeki rolüne de değinilecektir.

Keywords

Nübye, Afrika, Seyahat, John Lewis Burckhardt

John Lewis Burckhardt’s Nile Journeys and Nubia

Abstract

Africa, which until the eighteenth century oscillated between myth and reality in the eyes of Europeans, became the subject of modern research after it came under the influence of colonialism. Nubia, which was the subject of conflict between Egypt and Sudan after its conquest by Mehmet Ali Pasha in 1841, also became a subject of colonial curiosity. By focusing on the observations of Swiss traveler John Lewis Burckhardt (1784-1817), this study examines the socioeconomic and cultural history of Nubia, which has not been addressed adequately in Turkish historiography. Burckhardt’s travels to Bilad al-Sham, Egypt, Nubia, and Arabia between 1809 and 1816 on behalf of the African Association and the notes he kept during those travels constitute the main material of this study. Furthermore, this paper analyzes Burckhardt’s Travels in Nubia (1819), a compilation of his journals and letters, to evaluate his anthropological observations of nineteenth-century Nubia. This article also examines the curiosity and desire for exploration that motivated a European traveler to embark on a challenging journey of discovery in Africa and the role of the African Association in his voyage to the region.

Keywords

Nubia, Africa, travel, John Lewis Burckhardt

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