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Ekber Şah Döneminde Sanskritçenin Yeri ve Sanskritçeden Farsçaya Çeviriler

Year 2017, Issue: 30, 35 - 53, 28.06.2017

Abstract

Öz: Ekber Şah döneminde ayrı bir öneme sahip olan Fars dili ve edebiyatı Ekber Şah’ın da kişisel ilgisi ve desteği ile canlanmış ve gelişmiştir. Bu dönemde Farsça Hindistan’da en şaşaalı ve verimli zamanını yaşamıştır. Ekber Şah her ne kadar kendisi okuma yazma bilmese de bilimin her alanına özellikle de edebiyata ayrı bir ilgi duymuştur. Hindistan’ın ilmî serveti olarak kabul edilen bu eserlerin unutulup yok olmaması ve bu servetin gelecek nesillere aktarılması onun en büyük arzusu olmuştur. Çalışmamızın konusunu teşkil eden eserlerin Sanskritçeden Farsçaya çevrilmesi de bu açıdan önem arz etmektedir. Hatta bu tercümelerin yapılması için Ekber, Daru’t-Tercüme adı altında bir binanın tesisini emretmiş ve önemli bilim adamlarını orada toplayarak bu çevrilerin yapılmasını istemiştir. Yapılan bu çalışmalarla Ekber Şah, Sanskritçe ve Farsçanın dışında, Hintçe ve yerel dillerin de öğretilmesine, konuşulmasınave çevirilerinin yapılmasına imkan tanımıştır. Ancak Sankritçeden Farsçaya yapılan tercüme eserlerin sayısı diğer dillerden yapılan tercüme eserlere göre daha fazladır. Çalışmamızın giriş kısmında Ekber Şah dönemi Farsçasının genel durumuna değinildikten sonra bu dönemde yapılan tercüme eserler hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir. Amacımız Hint coğrafyası ve dünya edebiyatı açısından önemi bulunan bu eserlerin ülkemiz araştırmacıları tarafından da çalışılmasına zemin hazırlamaktır.

References

  • Abdulgani, M, A History of Persian Language and Literature at The Mughal Court The Indian Press,1930.
  • Alam, Muzaffar, Sanjay Subrahmanyam Writing The Mughal World: Studies On Culture And Politics. Columbia University Press. ABD, 2011.
  • Ali M.Athar, “Translations of Sanskrit Works at Akbar’s Court” Social Scientist Vol. 20, No. 9/10 Sep. – Oct,1992.
  • A Ramayana That Begins With “Bismillah http://vargiskhan.com/log/ramayana-begins-bismillah/
  • Audrey Truschke, “Cosmopolitan Encounters: Sanskrit and Persian at the Mughal Court”, Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for thedegree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Columbia University, 2012.
  • Balkrishna, Govind Gokale, Making of Indian Nation, Asia Publishing House,1960.
  • Beni Parsad, Hindu Muslim Questions, London, 1941.
  • David Gordon White Sinister Yogis. University Of Chicago Press, 2010.
  • Dutt M.N. The Mahabharata, Book 1, Chapter 2, Verses 377-378; Adi Parva, page 21.
  • Frits Staal Discovering the Vedas: Origins, Mantras, Rituals, Insights, Penguin., 2009.
  • Hasibe Kalkan Kocabay “Doğu-Bati Eksenđnde Peter Brook’un Mahabharata’sı” İstanbul Üniversitesi, Tiyatro Eleştirmenliği ve Dramaturji Dergisi.2005.
  • Hugh, Murray, James Wilson, Robert Kaye Greville, Robert Jameson, Sir Whitelaw Ainslie, WilliamRhind, WilliamWallace, Clarence Dalrymple Historical and Descriptive Account of British India: From the Most Remote Period., To the Present Time3. Cilt, 1832.
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  • Kamat, Research, “The Imperial Razm Nama And Ramayana of the Emperor Akbar An Age of Splendour - Islamic Art in India”, 2014.
  • Korhan Kaya, Hint Destanları: Ramayana, Mahabharata, Harivamsa İmge Kitabevi Yayınları, Ankara. 2002.
  • Korhan Kaya, “Kathāsaritsāgara’dan Üç Masal”, AÜ DTCF Dergisi, 1990. Cilt 33, Sayı 1-2, Ankara, http://dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/26/1242/14167.pdf
  • K Krishnamoorthy, “A Critical Inventory Of Rāmāyaṇa Studies İn The World” Foreign LanguagesVolume II Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi, 1993.
  • Laurie Patton Veda And Upanishad, In the Hindu World (Editors: Sushil Mittal And Gene Thursby), Routledge, 2004.
  • John Campbell, Oman, The Stories of The Ramayana And the Mahabharata, Sundeep Prakshan, India.2008.
  • John M.D. Taylor, Lilawati Veya a Treatise on Arithmetic and Geometry, Bombay Courier, 1816. José LuizMartinez Semiosis in Hindustani Music, Motill Banarsidass Publisher Private Limited, Delhi.2001.
  • Manas Sen Gupta, these 10 Books Originally Written in Sanskrit Will Help You Know Ancient India Better Http://Topyaps.Com/Sanskrit-Books-India.
  • Maurice Bloomfield, The Atharvaveda, Harvard University Press, ABD. 1899.
  • M.L Bhagi, Medieval İndian Culture and Thought.1965.
  • Mohammad Mujeeb, Indian Muslim London,1967.
  • Moritz Winternitz, Hint Destanları: Valmiki, Srimad Valmiki Ramayana, Gorakhpur: Gita Press.2008. Mountstuart Elphinstone, History ofIndia,1943.
  • Nabi Hadi, Dictionary Of Indo-Persian Literature. Abhinav. P. Retrieved 6 September 2015.1995 N. D. Haksar, Simhāsana Dvātriṃśikā: Thirty-Two Tales Of The Throne Of Vikramaditya. Penguin. India.1998.
  • Quoted İn Vedalankar, The Development Of Hindi Prose Literature.
  • Rajnesh Vij, “Metun-i Tercümeşode-i Sanskrit be Farsi Der Ahd-i Ekber Şah” Daneşgah-ı Bu Ali Sina Mecmue-yi Makalâtı Hemayeş-i Milli Ber Resi Peyvendha-yi Ferheng ve Edeb-i İran, Ba Te’kid-i ber Cayigâh-ı Hamedan, 2011.
  • S. R. Sharma, Making of Modern India, The; From A.D. 1526 To The Present Day, Orient Longmans, 1951.
  • Sinhasan Battisi, (Thirty-Two Daunting Challenges Thrown to Raja Bhoj by Throne Figurines) Manoj Publications http://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/singhasan-battisi-IDH531/2005
  • Sures Chandra Banerji, A Companion to Sanskrit Literature: Spanning A Period of Over Three Thousand, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi,1971.
  • http://cssaame.dukejournals.org/content/31/2/506.abstract
  • http://www.muse.jhu.edu. 2014-08-26.
  • h t t p : / / w w w . j o u r n a l s . i s t a n b u l . e d u . t r / i u t i y a t r o / a r t i c l e /viewFile/1023016155/1023015326
  • http://www.onlinegkguide.com/important-and-famous-books-written-byindian-authors/
  • http://www.peakoilindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Requiem-for-Our-

The Place of Sanskrit in Ekber Shah Era and Translations From Sanscrit to Persian

Year 2017, Issue: 30, 35 - 53, 28.06.2017

Abstract

Abstract: The
Persian language and literature which have a different feature in Ekber Shah
era became more important and developed with the personal interest of Ekber
Shah. In this period, the Persian was so splendent and productive. Although
Ekber Shah doesn’t know to read and write, he was interested in literature
specifically besides every field of science. He had the greatest desire not to allow
the Works which are accepted as the scienctific wealth of India to be forgotten
and to transfer this wealth to the next generations. Therefore, in this respect
it is important to translate these Works which constitute the topic of our
research from Sanskrit to Persian. Even he ordered to have a building erected
named Darul Translation and gather the importat scientists there and especially
have these translations made. Ekber Shah enabled Indian and local languages to
be taught and spoken and translated besides Sanskrit and Persian. But the
number of translated works from Sanskrit to Persian are more than the works from
other languages. In the introduction of our research the general state of Ekber
Shah era Persian has been mentioned, then infromation has been given about the translated
works in this period. Our purpose in this research is to allow these works
considered important in terms of India region and world literaturem to be
examined by our country’s researchers.

References

  • Abdulgani, M, A History of Persian Language and Literature at The Mughal Court The Indian Press,1930.
  • Alam, Muzaffar, Sanjay Subrahmanyam Writing The Mughal World: Studies On Culture And Politics. Columbia University Press. ABD, 2011.
  • Ali M.Athar, “Translations of Sanskrit Works at Akbar’s Court” Social Scientist Vol. 20, No. 9/10 Sep. – Oct,1992.
  • A Ramayana That Begins With “Bismillah http://vargiskhan.com/log/ramayana-begins-bismillah/
  • Audrey Truschke, “Cosmopolitan Encounters: Sanskrit and Persian at the Mughal Court”, Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for thedegree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Columbia University, 2012.
  • Balkrishna, Govind Gokale, Making of Indian Nation, Asia Publishing House,1960.
  • Beni Parsad, Hindu Muslim Questions, London, 1941.
  • David Gordon White Sinister Yogis. University Of Chicago Press, 2010.
  • Dutt M.N. The Mahabharata, Book 1, Chapter 2, Verses 377-378; Adi Parva, page 21.
  • Frits Staal Discovering the Vedas: Origins, Mantras, Rituals, Insights, Penguin., 2009.
  • Hasibe Kalkan Kocabay “Doğu-Bati Eksenđnde Peter Brook’un Mahabharata’sı” İstanbul Üniversitesi, Tiyatro Eleştirmenliği ve Dramaturji Dergisi.2005.
  • Hugh, Murray, James Wilson, Robert Kaye Greville, Robert Jameson, Sir Whitelaw Ainslie, WilliamRhind, WilliamWallace, Clarence Dalrymple Historical and Descriptive Account of British India: From the Most Remote Period., To the Present Time3. Cilt, 1832.
  • İkram, S.M. Muslim Civilization in India Columbia University Press. New York,1964.
  • K. G. Poulose, “Scientific Heritage of India, Mathematics” Volume 22 Of Ravivarma Samskr̥ Ta Granthāvali, Govt. Sanskrit College, Tripunithura, India, 1991.
  • K. Pavan, Varma, Becoming Indian: The Unfinished Revolution Of Culture And IdentityPenguin Books India, 2012.
  • Kamat, Research, “The Imperial Razm Nama And Ramayana of the Emperor Akbar An Age of Splendour - Islamic Art in India”, 2014.
  • Korhan Kaya, Hint Destanları: Ramayana, Mahabharata, Harivamsa İmge Kitabevi Yayınları, Ankara. 2002.
  • Korhan Kaya, “Kathāsaritsāgara’dan Üç Masal”, AÜ DTCF Dergisi, 1990. Cilt 33, Sayı 1-2, Ankara, http://dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/26/1242/14167.pdf
  • K Krishnamoorthy, “A Critical Inventory Of Rāmāyaṇa Studies İn The World” Foreign LanguagesVolume II Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi, 1993.
  • Laurie Patton Veda And Upanishad, In the Hindu World (Editors: Sushil Mittal And Gene Thursby), Routledge, 2004.
  • John Campbell, Oman, The Stories of The Ramayana And the Mahabharata, Sundeep Prakshan, India.2008.
  • John M.D. Taylor, Lilawati Veya a Treatise on Arithmetic and Geometry, Bombay Courier, 1816. José LuizMartinez Semiosis in Hindustani Music, Motill Banarsidass Publisher Private Limited, Delhi.2001.
  • Manas Sen Gupta, these 10 Books Originally Written in Sanskrit Will Help You Know Ancient India Better Http://Topyaps.Com/Sanskrit-Books-India.
  • Maurice Bloomfield, The Atharvaveda, Harvard University Press, ABD. 1899.
  • M.L Bhagi, Medieval İndian Culture and Thought.1965.
  • Mohammad Mujeeb, Indian Muslim London,1967.
  • Moritz Winternitz, Hint Destanları: Valmiki, Srimad Valmiki Ramayana, Gorakhpur: Gita Press.2008. Mountstuart Elphinstone, History ofIndia,1943.
  • Nabi Hadi, Dictionary Of Indo-Persian Literature. Abhinav. P. Retrieved 6 September 2015.1995 N. D. Haksar, Simhāsana Dvātriṃśikā: Thirty-Two Tales Of The Throne Of Vikramaditya. Penguin. India.1998.
  • Quoted İn Vedalankar, The Development Of Hindi Prose Literature.
  • Rajnesh Vij, “Metun-i Tercümeşode-i Sanskrit be Farsi Der Ahd-i Ekber Şah” Daneşgah-ı Bu Ali Sina Mecmue-yi Makalâtı Hemayeş-i Milli Ber Resi Peyvendha-yi Ferheng ve Edeb-i İran, Ba Te’kid-i ber Cayigâh-ı Hamedan, 2011.
  • S. R. Sharma, Making of Modern India, The; From A.D. 1526 To The Present Day, Orient Longmans, 1951.
  • Sinhasan Battisi, (Thirty-Two Daunting Challenges Thrown to Raja Bhoj by Throne Figurines) Manoj Publications http://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/singhasan-battisi-IDH531/2005
  • Sures Chandra Banerji, A Companion to Sanskrit Literature: Spanning A Period of Over Three Thousand, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi,1971.
  • http://cssaame.dukejournals.org/content/31/2/506.abstract
  • http://www.muse.jhu.edu. 2014-08-26.
  • h t t p : / / w w w . j o u r n a l s . i s t a n b u l . e d u . t r / i u t i y a t r o / a r t i c l e /viewFile/1023016155/1023015326
  • http://www.onlinegkguide.com/important-and-famous-books-written-byindian-authors/
  • http://www.peakoilindia.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Requiem-for-Our-
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Creative Arts and Writing
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Berna Karagözoğlu This is me

Publication Date June 28, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Issue: 30

Cite

Chicago Karagözoğlu, Berna. “Ekber Şah Döneminde Sanskritçenin Yeri Ve Sanskritçeden Farsçaya Çeviriler”. Şarkiyat Mecmuası, no. 30 (June 2017): 35-53.