Rasyonel Tercih Sosyolojisi Bağlamında James S. Coleman'ın Sosyal Sermaye Kavramı: Eğitime Katılma Yönünden Tartışmalar

Abstract

 Rasyonel tercih kavramı son 20 yıldır, sosyologlar arasında ilgi gören bir eğilimdir. Geleneksel olarak rasyonel tercih kavramı, iktisat ve sosyoloji arasındaki disipliner ayrımın bir parçası görülür. Buna göre iktisat rasyonel eylemi konu edinirken, sosyolojinin bu biçimin dışındaki eylem türlerini ve sonuçlarını dikkate aldığı düşünülebilir. Ancak bu geleneksel ayrım 1970'lerden itibaren sosyolojideki büyük teorilerin zaafa uğraması ve eylem teorisinin daha önemli görülmesi sonucu zedelenmiştir. Bu yeni eğilimlerin bir göstergesi olarak rasyonel tercih teorisi, klasik yaklaşımın eksiklerinin tamamlanması konusunda özelikle Anglo – Sakson dünyasında destekçi bulabilmektedir. Rasyonel tercih teorisi içerisinde James S. Coleman çok atıf alan çalışmalarıyla önemli bir isim olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Özellikle eğitime katılma konusunda kullandığı sosyal sermaye modeli, itibar gören bir yaklaşım olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu yaklaşım, rasyonel tercih teorisinin varsayımlarına dayanarak çocuk – ebeveyn arasındaki ilişkiler ve eğitime katılma yönündeki sonuçların rasyonel niyetler ile yürütüldüğüne inanmaktadır. Ancak bu yaklaşım çok sayıda eleştirinin konusu olmuştur ve Coleman'ın sosyal sermaye kavramının eğitime katılma sürecini fazla basitleştirdiği ileri sürülmektedir. Bu çalışma söz konusu eleştirilerden hareketle, sosyal sermaye kavramının eğitime katılmayı açıklama konusundaki potansiyel zayıflıklarına odaklanmayı hedeflemektedir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler: Rasyonel tercih sosyolojisi, eğitime katılma, sosyal sermaye, James S. Coleman 

Keywords

• Rasyonel tercih sosyolojisi, eğitime katılma, sosyal sermaye

References

1. Archer, M.S & Tritter, J.Q (2000), Rational Choice Theory: Resisting Colonization, London: Routledge
2. Astone, Nan Marie & McLanahan, S.S. (1991), “Family Structure, Parental Practices and High School Completion”, American Sociological Review, 56 (3), 309 – 320
3. Baron, James N. & Hanan, M.T. (1994), “The Impact of Economics on Contemporary Sociology”, Journal of Economic Literature, 32 (3), 1111 – 1146
4. Barnes, Trevor J. & Sheppard, E. (1992), “Is There a Place for the Ra- tional Actor? A Geographical Critique of the Rational Choice Paradigm”, Economic Geography, 68 (1), 1 – 21
5. Bassani, Cherylynn (2006), “A Test of Social Capital Theory Outside of the American Context: Family and School Social Capital and Youths’ Math Scores in Canada, Japan, and the United States”, International Journal of Educational Research, 45 (6), 380 – 403
6. Baştürk, Şenol (2011), “Türk Toplumunda Sosyal Sermaye, Toplumsal Ağlar ve Sosyal Hareketlilik”, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi Uludağ Üni- versitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Bursa
7. Beattie, Irene R. (2002), “Are All Adolescent Econometricians Created Equal? Racial, Class, and Gender Differences in College Enrollment”, Sociology of Education, 75 (1), 19 – 43
8. Blossfeld, Hans-Peter (1996), “Macro-sociology, Rational Choice The- ory and Time: A Theoretical Perspective on Empirical Analysis of Social Processes”, European Journal of Sociology, 12 (2), 181 – 206

9. Blumer, Martin (1996), “Sociological Contribution to Social Policy Research”, James S. Coleman, (eds. Clark, J.), London: Routledge Farmer,
10. Boudon, Raymond (1998), “Limitations of Rational Choice Theory”, American Journal of Sociology, 104 (3), 817 – 828
11. Bourdieu, Pierre & Wacquant, L.J.D. (2003), Düşünümsel Bir Antropoloji için Cevaplar, (çev. Ötüken,N.), İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları
12. Boxman, Ed A.W. & De Graaf, P.M. & Flap, H.D. (1991), “The Impact of Social and Human Capital on the Income Attainment of Dutch Managers”, Social Networks, 13 (1), 51 – 73
13. Breen, Richard (2001), “A Rational Choice Model of Educational Inequa- lity”, http://www.march.es/ceacs/publicaciones/working/archivos/2002_166. pdf
14. Brehm, John & Rahn, W. (1997), “Individual – Level Evidence for Ca- uses and Consequences of Social Capital”, American Journal of Political Science, 41 (3), 999 – 1023
15. Bruegel, Irene (2005), “Social Capital and Feminist Critique”, Women and Social Capital, (eds. Franklin,J.), London: London South Bank Uni- versity, 4 – 17, http://www.payonline.lsbu.ac.uk/ahs/downloads/families/ familieswp12.pdf#page=5
16. Burt, Ronald (2000), “The Network Structure of Social Capital”, Rese- arch in Organizational Behaviour, 22, 345 – 423
17. Christiano, Thomas (2004), “Is Normative Rational Choice Theory Self Defeating?”, Ethics, 115 (1), 122 – 141
18. Coleman, James S. (1986), “Social Theory, Social Research and Theory of Action”, The American Journal of Sociology, 91 (6), 1309 – 1335
19. Coleman, James S. (1987), “Families and Schools”, Educational Rese- archer, 16 (6), 32 – 38
20. Coleman, James S. (1988), “Social Capital in Creation of Human Capi- tal”, The American Journal of Sociology, 94, S104 – S120
21. Coleman, James S. (1992), “Social Capital, Human Capital, and Invest- ment in Youth”, Youth Unemployment and Society, (eds. Petersen, A.C. & Mortimer, J.T.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 34 – 50
22. Coleman, James S. (1993a), “The Rational Reconstruction of Society: 1992 Presidental Address”, Sociological Review, 58 (1), 1 – 15
23. Coleman, James S. (1993b), “The Impact of Gary Becker’s Work on Sociology”, Acta Sociologica, 36 (3), 168 – 178
24. Coleman, James S. (1996a), “A Vision for Sociology”, James S. Cole- man, (eds. Clark, J.), London: Routledge Farmer, 382 – 390
25. Coleman, James S. (1996b), “Reflections on Schools and Adolescents”, James S. Coleman, (eds. Clark, J.), London: Routledge Farmer, 19 – 25
26. Coleman, James S. & Fararo,T.J. (1992) (eds), Rational Choice Theory: Advocacy and Critique, California: Sage Pub.
27. Collins, Randall (1996), “Can Rational Action Theory Unify the Future Social Science?”, James S. Coleman, (eds. Clark, J.), London: Routledge Farmer, 366 – 381
28. Cook, K.S. & Whitmeyer, J.M. (1992), “Two Approaches to Social Structure: Exchange Theory and Network Analysis”, Annual Review of Sociology, 18, 109 – 127
29. Croll, Paul (2004), “Families, Social Capital and Educational Outcomes”, British Journal of Educational Studies, 52 (4), 390 – 416
30. Dandy, Justine & Nettelback, T. (2002), “A Cross – Cultural Study of Parents’ Academic Standarts and Educational Aspirations for Children”, Educational Psychology: An International Journal of Experimental Edu- cational Psychology, 22 (5), 621 – 627
31. De Garmo, David S. & Forgath, M.S. & Martinez, C.R. (1999), “Pa- renting of Divorced Mothers as a Link between Social Status and Boys’ Academic Outcomes: Unpacking Effects of Socioeconomic Status”, Child Development, 70 (5), 1231 – 1245
32. De Graaf, Nan Dirk & De Graaf, P.M. & Kraaykamp, G. (2000), “Parental Cultural Capital and Educational Attainment in Netherlands: A Refinement of the Cultural Capital Perspective”, Sociology of Education, 73 (2), 92 -111
33. De Vos, Henk (1989), “A Rational Choice Explanation of Composition Effects in Educational Research”, Rationality and Society, 1 (2), 220 – 239
34. Dika, Sandra L. & Singh, K. (2002), “Applications of Social Capital in Educational Literature: A Critical Synthesis”, Review of Educational Research, 72 (1), 31 – 60
35. Dowding, Keith & Hindmoor,A. (1997), “The Usual Suspects: Rational Choice, Socialism and Political Theory”, New Political Economy, 2 (3), 451 – 463
36. Downey, Douglas B. (1995), “When Bigger is not Better: Family Size, Parental Resources and Children’s Educational Performance”, American
37. Downey, Douglas B. (2001), “Number of Siblings and Intellectual De- velopment: The Resources Dilution Explanation”, American Psychologist, 56 (6/7), 497 – 504
38. Edling, Christofer & Stern, C. (2003), “Scandinavian Rational Choice Sociology”, Acta Sociologica, 46 (5), 5 – 16
39. Edwards, Rosalind (2004), “Present and Absent in Troubling Ways: Fa- milies and Social Capital Debates”, The Sociological Review, 52 (1), 1- 21
40. Elias, Norbert (2007), Uygarlık Süreci – cilt 2: Sosyo-Oluşumsal ve Psi- ko – Oluşumsal İncelemeler Toplumun Değişimleri Bir Uygarlaşma Teorisi için Taslak, (çev. Özbek, E.), İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları
41. Favereau, Oliver (2005), “The Missing Piece in Rational Choice Theory”, Revue Française de Sociologie, 46 (5), 102 – 122
42. Field, John (2006), Sosyal Sermaye, (çev. Bilgen,B. & Şen,B.), İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları
43. Field, John & Schuller, T. & Baron, S. (2000), “Social Capital and Hu- man Capital Revisited”, Social Capital: Critical Perspectives, (eds. Baron, S. & Field,J. & Schuller, T.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 243 – 263
44. Fine, Ben (2011), Sosyal Sermaye Sosyal Bilime Karşı: Bin Yılın Eşiğinde Ekonomi, Politik ve Sosyal Bilimler, (çev. Kars, A.), İstanbul: Yordam Kitap
45. Fletcher, Anne C., vd. (2001), “Social Network Closure and Child Ad- justment”, Merill – Palmer Quarterly, 47 (4), 500 – 531
46. Fletcher, Anne C. & Hunter A.G.& Eanes, A.Y. (2006), “Links Between Social Network Closure and Child Well – Being: The Organizing Role of Friendship Context”, Developmental Psychology, 42 (6), 1057 – 1068
47. Flouri, Eirini (2006), “Parental Interest in Children’s Education, Children’s Self- Esteem and Locus of Control, and Later Educational Attainment: Twenty-Six Year Follow-up of the 1970 British Cohort”, British Journal of Educational Psychology, 76 (1), 41 – 55
48. Foucault, Michael (2011), Özne ve İktidar: Seçme Yazılar 2, (haz. Keskin, F.), (çev. Ergüden, I. & Akınhay, O.), İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları
49. Frank, Robert H. (1992), “Melding Sociology and Economics: James Coleman’s Foundations of Social Theory”, Journal of Economic Literature, 30 (1), 147 – 170
50. Freidman, Debra & Diem, C. (1993), “Feminism and the Pro-(Rational)- Choice Movement: Rational Choice Theory, Feminist Critiques, and Gender Inequality”, Theory on Gender Feminism on Theory, (eds. England, P.), Hawthorne: Walter De Gruyter Inc., 91 – 114
51. Fukuyama, Francis (2009), Büyük Çözülme: İnsan Doğası ve Toplumsal Düzenin Yeniden Oluşturulması, İstanbul: Profil Yayıncılık
52. Furstenberg, Frank F. & Kaplan, S.B. (2004), “Social Capital and Fa- mily”, The Blackwell Companion to the Sociology of Families, (eds. Scott,J. &Treas, J. & Richards, M.), 218 – 232
53. Gale, Ann (1998), Toplumsalın Sökümü: Yapıbozumcu Bir Sosyolojiye Doğru, (çev. Küçük,M.), Ankara: Birey Yayıncılık
54. Gamarnikow, Eva & Green, A.G. (1999), “The Third Way and Social Capital: Education Action Zones and a New Agenda for Education, Parents and Community, International Studies in Sociology of Education, 9 (1), 3 -22
55. Giddens, Anthony (1999a), İleri Toplumları Sınıf Yapısı, (çev. Baldık,Ö.) İstanbul: Birey Yayıncılık
56. Giddens, Anthony (1999b), Toplumun Kuruluşu: Yapılaşma Kuramının Ana Hatları, (çev. Özel, H.), Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat Yayıncılık
57. Giddens, Anthony (2003), Sosyolojik Yöntemin Yeni Kuralları: Yorumcu Sosyolojilerin Pozitif Eleştirisi, (çev. Balkız, B. & Tatlıcan,Ü.), İstanbul: Paradigma Yayınları
58. Giocoli, Nicola (2003), Modelling Rational Agents: From Interwar Eco- nomics to Early Modern Game Theory, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Pub.
59. Glaeser, Edward L. , vd. (1999), “What is Social Capital? The Determi- nants of Trust and Trustworthiness”, NBER Working Paper, no.7216, http:// www.nber.org/papers/w7216
60. Goldthorpe, John H. (1998), “Rational Action Theory for Sociology”, The British Journal of Sociology, 49 (2), 167 – 192
61. Goudbout, Jacques T. (2003), Armağan Dünyası, (çev. Hattatoğlu, D.), İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları
62. Hagan, John & MacMillan,R. & Wheaton,B. (1996), “New Kid in Town: Social Capital and Life Course Effects of Family Migration on Children”, American Sociological Review, 61 (3), 368 – 385
63. Hango, Darcy (2007), “Parental Involvement in Childhood and Educationa Qualifications: Can Greater Parental Involvement Mediate Effects of Soci- oeconomics Disadvantage”, Social Science Research, 36 (4), 1371 – 1390
64. Hardin, Russell (2000), “Rational Choice Theory”, Encyclopedia of So- ciology, (eds. Borgatta E.F.& Montgomery, R.J.V.), New York: McMillan Reference
65. Hatcher, Richard (1998), “Class Differentation in Education: Rational Choices?”, British Journal of Sociology of Education, 19 (1), 5 – 24
66. Hechter, Michael (1994), “The Role of Values in Rational Choice The- ory”, Rationality and Society, 6 (3), 318 – 333
67. Hechter, Michael & Kanazawa, S. (1997), “Sociological Rational Choice Theory”, Annual Review of Sociology, 23, 191 – 214
68. Heckhathorn, Douglas D. (2005), “Rational Choice”, Encyclopedia of Social Theory- vol. II, (eds. Ritzer, G.), California: Sage Pub., 620 – 624
69. Heckman, James J. & Neal, D. (1996), “Coleman’s Contributions to Education: Theory, Research Styles and Empirical Research”, James S. Coleman, (eds. Clark, J.), London: Routledge Farmer, 88 – 112
70. Hilbert, Richard A. (1990), “Ethnomethodology and Micro – Macro Order”, American Sociological Review, 55 (6), 794 – 808
71. Hedström, Peter (2005), Dissecting the Social: On the Principles of Analytical Sociology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
72. Hedström, Peter & Swedberg, Richard (1996), “Rational Choice, Em- pirical Research, and the Sociological Tradition”, European Sociological Review, 12 (2), 127 – 146
73. Hedström, Peter & Stern, C. (2008), “Rational Choice and Sociology”, The New Palgrave of Economics, (eds. Darlauf, S. & Blume, L.), New York: Palgrave MacMillan
74. Hoffer, Thomas & Greeley, A.M. & Coleman, J.S. (1985), “Achievement Growth in Public and Catholic Schools”, Sociology of Education, 58 (2), 74 – 97
75. Huang, Lihong (2009), “Social Capital and Student Achievement in Norwegian Secondary Schools”, Learning and Individual Differences, 19 (2), 320 – 325
76. Jaeger, Mads M. & Holm, A. (2007), “Does Parents’ Economic, Cul- tural, and Social Capital Explain the Social Class Effect on Educational Attainment in Scandinavian Mobility Regime?”, Social Science Research, 36 (2), 719 – 744
77. John, Peter (2005), “The Contribution of Volunteering, Trust and Net- works to Educational Performance”, The Policy Studies Journal, 33 (4),
78. Kalil, Ariel & Ziol-Guest, K. (2008), “Parental Employment Circums- tances and Children’s Academic Progress”, Social Science Research, 37
79. Kanazawa, Satoshi (1999), “Using Laboratory Experiments to Test The- ories of Corporate Behavior”, Rationality and Society, 11 (4), 443 – 461
80. Katsillis, J. & Robinson, R. (1990), “Cultural, Student Achievement, and Educational Reproduction: The Case of Greece”, American Sociological Review, 55 (2), 270 – 279
81. Kovalainen, Anne (2004), “Rethinking the Revival of Social Capital and Trust in Social Theory: Possibilities for Feminist Analysis”, Engendering the Social: Feminist Encountres within Sociological Theory, (eds. Marshall, B.L. & Witz,A.), Berkshire: Open University Press, 155 – 170
82. Law, Alex & Mooney, G. (2006), “The Maladies of Social Capital I: The Missing Capital in Theories of Social Capital”, Critique, 34 (2), 127 – 143
83. Lee, Valerie E. & Croninger, R.G. & Smith, J.B. (1994), “Parental Choice of Schools and Social Stratification in Education: The Paradox of Detroit”, Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 16 (4), 434 – 457
84. Lee, Jung S. & Bowen, N.K. (2006), “Parent Involvement, Cultural Capital, and the Achievement Gap among Elemantary School Children”, American Educational Research Journal, 43 (2), 193 – 218
85. Lemert, Charles (2011), Durkheim’ın Hayaletleri: Kültürel Mantık ve Sosyal Şeyler, (çev. Aydar, F.B.), İstanbul: İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları
86. Lin, Nan (1999), “Building Network Theory of Social Capital”, Con- nections, 22 (1), 28 – 51
87. Lindenberg, Siegwart (2003), “James Coleman”, The Blackwell Com- panion to Major Contemporary Social Theorists,(eds. Ritzer,G.), Malden: Blackwell Pub., 90 – 121
88. Lindenberg, Siegwart & Frey, B.S. (1993), “Alternatives, Frames, and Relative Prices: A Broader View of Rational Choice Theory”, Acta Socio- logica, 36 (3), 191 – 205
89. Lipset, Seymour Martin (1994), “The State of American Sociology”, Sociological Forum, 9 (2), 199 – 220
90. Llylod, Cynthia B. & Blanc, A.K. (1996), “Children’s Schooling in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of Fathers, Mothers and Others”, Population Development Review, 22 (2), 265 – 298
91. MacDonald, Paul K. (2003), “Useful Fiction or Miracle Maker: The Competing Epistemological Foundations of Rational Choice Theory”, American Political Science Review, 97 (4), 551 – 565
92. Malesevic, Sinisa (2002), “Rational Choice Theory and the Sociology of Ethnic Relations: A Critique”, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 25 (2), 193 – 212
93. Marsden, Peter V. (2005), “The Sociology of James S. Coleman”, Annual Review of Sociology, 31, 1 – 24
94. Marshall, Douglas A. (2003), Beyond a Rational Choice Sociology: A Sociology of Rationality, Unpublished PhD. Dissertations of Virginia Uni- versity Department of Sociology,
95. McNeal, Ralph B. (1999), “Parental Involvement as Social Capital: Differential Effectiveness on Science Achievement, Truancy, and Dropping Out”, Social Forces, 78 (1), 117 – 144
96. McNeal, Ralph B. (2001), “Differential Effects of Parental Involvement on Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes by Socioeconomic Status”, Journal of Socio-Economics, 30 (2), 171 - 179
97. McPherson, Miller & Smith – Lovin, L. & Cook, J.M. (2001), “Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks”, Annual Review of Sociology, 27, 415 – 444
98. Meester, Edith De & Mulder, C.H. & Fortuijn, J.D. (2007), “Time Spent in Paid Work by Women and Men in Urban and Less Urban Context in Netherlands”, Journal of Economic and Social Geography (Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie), 98 (5), 585 – 602
99. Morgan, Stephen L. & Sorensen, A.B. (1999), “Parental Networks, So- cial Closure and Mathematics Learning: A Test of Colema’s Social Capital Explanation of School Effects”, American Sociological Review, 64 (5),
100. Morrow, Virginia (1999), “Conceptualising Social Capital in Relation to the Well-Being of Children and Young People: A Critical Review”, The Sociological Review, 47 (4), 744 – 765
101. Muller, Chandra (1995), “Maternal Employment, Parent Involment, and Mathematics Achievement among Adolescents”, Journal of Marriage and Family, 57 (1), 85 - 100
102. Ngo, Bic & Lee, S.J. (2007), “Complicating the Image of Model Mino- rity Success: A Review of Southeast Asian American Education”, Review of Educational Research, 77 (4), 415 – 453
103. Noguera, Pedro A. (2004), “Social Capital and the Education of Immig- rant Students: Categoties and Generalizations”, Sociology of Education, 77
104. Okasha, Samir (2000), “The Underdetermination of Theory by Data and the Strong Programme in the Sociology of Knowledge”, International Studies in Philosophy of Science, 14 (3), 283 – 297
105. Parcel, Toby L. & Menaghan, E.G. (1994), “Early Parental Work, Fa- mily Social Capital, and Early Childhood Outcomes”, American Journal of Sociology, 99 (4), 972 – 1009
106. Perna & Laura W. & Titus, M.A. (2005), “The Relationship between Parental Involvement as Social Capital and College Enrollment: An Exa- mination of Racial /Ethnic Group Differences”, The Journal of Higher Education, 76 (5), 485 – 518
107. Pescosolido, Bernice A. (1992), “Beyond Rational Choice: The Social Dynamics of How People Seek Help”, American Journal of Sociology, 97 (4), 1096 – 1138
108. Pinkster, Fenne M. (2007), “Localised Social Networks, Socialisation and Mobility in Low-Income Neighbourhood in Netherlands”, Urban Studies, 44 (13), 2587 – 2603
109. Portes, Alejandro (1998), “Social Capital: It’s Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology”, Annual Review of Sociology, 24, 1 – 24
110. Portes, Alejandro (2000), “The Two Meanings of Social Capital”, Soci- ological Forum, 15 (1), 1 – 12
111. Ream, Robert K. & Pallardy, G.J. (2008), “Reexamining Social Class Differences in the Avability and Educational Utility of Parental Social Ca- pital”, American Educational Research Journal, 45 (2), 238 – 273
112. Roscigno, Vincent J. & Ainsworth- Darnell, J.W. (1999), “Race, Cultural Capital, and Educational Resources: Persistent Inequalities and Achievement Returns”, Sociology of Education, 72 (3), 158 – 178
113. Rydin, Yvonne & Pennington, M. (2000), “Public Participation and Local Environmental Planning: The Collective Action Problem and the Potential of Social Capital”, Local Environment: The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability, 5 (2), 153 – 169
114. Sampson, Robert J. & Morenoff, J.D. & Earls, F. (1999), “Beyond Social Capital: Spatial Dynamics of Collective Efficacy for Children”, American
115. Sandefur, Rebecca L. & Laumann, E.O. (1998), “A Paradigm for Social Capital”, Rationality and Society, 10 (4), 481 – 501
116. Sandefur, Gary D. & Meier, A.M. & Campbell, M.E. (2006), “Family Resources, Social Capital and College Attendance”, Social Science Rese- arch, 35 (2), 525 – 553
117. Sayer, Derek (1991), Capitalism and Modernity: An Excursus on Marx and Weber, London: Routledge
118. Schmid, A. Allan & Robinson, L.J. (1995), “Applications of Social Capital Theory”, Journal of Agricultural and Applied Econonomics, 27 (1), 59 – 66
119. Schuller, Tom & Stephen, B.& Field,J. (2000), “Social Capital: A Revi- ew and Critique”, Social Capital: Critical Perspectives, (eds. Baron, S. & Field,J. & Schuller, T.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1 – 38
120. Scott, Jacqueline (2004), “Family, Gender, and Educational Attainment in Britain: A Longitudinal Study”, Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 1, 565 – 589
121. Scott, John (2000), “Rational Choice Theory”, Understanding Contem- porary Society: Theories of the Present, London: Sage Pub., 126 – 138
122. Shah, Bindi (2007), “Being Young, Female and Laotian: Ethnicity as Social Capital at the Intersection of Gender, Generation, Race and Age, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 30 (1), 28 – 50
123. Shavit, Yossi & Pierce, J.L. (1991), Sibship Size and Educational At- tainment in Nuclear and Extendend Families: Arabs and Jews in Israel”, American Sociological Review, 56 (3), 321 – 330
124. Smelser, Neil J. (2003), “On Comparative Analysis, Interdisciplinarity and Internalization in Sociology”, International Sociology, 18, 643 – 657
125. Smith, Herbert L. & Cheung, P.P.L. (1986), “Trends in the Effects of Fa- mily Background on Educational Attainment in the Philippines”, American Journal of Sociology, 91 (6), 1387 – 1408
126. Smith, Mark H. & Beaulieu, L.J. & Seraphine, A. (1995), “Social Capi- tal, Place of Residence and College Attendance”, Rural Sociology, 60 (3), 363 – 380
127. Smith, Stephen S. & Kulynych, J. (2002), “It May be Social, But Why is Capital? The Social Construction of Social Capital and the Politics of Language”, Politics Society, 30 (1), 149 – 186
128. Somers, Margaret (1998), “We’re No Angels: Realism, Rational Choice and Rationality in Social Science”, American Journal of Sociology, 104 (3), 722 – 784
129. South, Scott J. & Haynie, D.L. & Bose, S. (2007), “Student Mobility and School Dropout”, Social Science Research, 36 (1), 68 – 94
130. Stocke, Volker (2007), “Explaning Educational Decision and Effects of Families’ Social Class Position: An Empirical Test of the Breen – Gold- thorpe Model of Educational Attainment”, European Sociological Review, 23 (4), 505 – 519
131. Stone, Wendy (2001), “Measuring Social Capital: Towards a Theoretically Informed Measurement Framework for Researching Social Capital in Family and Community Life”, Australian Institute of Family Studies Research Paper, no.24 http://futuretasmania.org/uploads/Social%20capital%20AIFS.pdf,
132. Sullivan, Alice (2006), “Students as Rational Decision – Makers: The Question of Beliefs and Attidutes”, London Review of Education, 4 (3), 271 – 290
133. Swedberg, Richard (1990), Economics and Sociology- Redefining Their Boundaries: Conversations with Economists and Sociologists, New Jersey: Princeton University Press
134. Swedberg, Richard (1997), “New Economic Sociology: What has been Accomplished, What is Ahead?”, Acta Sociologica, 40 (3), 161 – 182
135. Thorlindsson, Thorolfur & Bjarnasson, T. & Sigfusdottir, I.D. (2007), “Individual and Community Process of Social Closure: A Study of Ado- lescent Academic Achievement and Alcohol Use”, Acta Sociologica, 50 (2), 161 – 178
136. Turner, Bryan S. (2006), “Classical Sociology and Cosmopolitanism: A Critical Defence of the Social”, British Journal of Sociology, 57 (1),
137. Turner, Jonathan (2006), “Rational Choice Theory”, Cambridge Dicti- onary of Sociology, (eds. Turner, B.S.), New York: Cambridge University Press, 497 – 499
138. Udehn, Lars (2001), Methodological Individualism: Background, History and Meaning, London: Routledge
139. Udehn, Lars (2008), “The Metholdolgy of Rational Choice”, The Blackwell Guide to Phiolosophy of the Social Sciences, (eds. Turner, S.P.&Roth,P.A.), London: Blackwell Pub.
140. Van Deth, Jan W. (2006), “Measuring Social Capital: Orthodoxies and Continuning Controversies”, International Journal of Social Research Metholodology, 6 (1), 79 – 92
141. Van de Werfhost, Herman G. & Sullivan, A. & Cheung, S.Y. (2003), “Social Class, Ability and Choice of Subject in Secondary and Tertiary Education in Britain”, British Educational Research Journal, 29 (1), 41 – 62
142. Whitefield, Stephen & Evans, G. (1999), “Political Culture versus Rati- onal Choice: Explaning Response to Transition in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, British Journal of Political Science, 29 (1), 129 – 154
143. Yılmaz, Feridun (2003), “İktisat ve Sosyoloji: Rakip Kardeşlerin Hâkimiyet Kavgası”, Toplum ve Bilim, 95, 61 – 84
144. Yılmaz, Feridun (2009), Rasyonalite: İktisat Özelinde Bir Tartışma, İstanbul: Paradigma Yayıncılık
145. Yükseker, Deniz (2010), “Türkiye Toplumunu Bir Arada Tutan Nedir? Toplumsal Tutkal olarak Borç ve Borçluluk”, Toplum ve Bilim, 117, 6 – 18
146. Zafirovski, Milan (1999), “Unification of Sociological Theory by Rati- onal Choice Model: Conceiving the Relationship between Economics and Sociology”, Sociology, 33 (3), 495 – 514
147. Zafirovski, Milan (2000), “The Rational Choice Generalization of Ne- oclassical Economics Reconsidered: Any Theoretical Legitimation for Economic Imperialism?”, Sociological Theory, 18 (3), 448 - 471
148. Zhou, Min (1997), “Segmented Assimilation: Issues, Controversies and Recent Research on the New Second Generation”, International Migration Review, 31 (4), 975 – 1008
149. Zhou, Min & Blankston, C.L. (1994), “Social Capital and the Adaptation of the Second Generation: The Case of Vietnamese Youth in New Orleans”, International Migration Review, 28 (4), 821 – 845
150. Zuluaga, Andre B. (2010), “Quality of Social Networks and Educational Investment Decisions”, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Center of Economic Studies Discussion Paper Series, 10.29, http://www.econ.klueven.be/ces/ discussionpapers/default.htm