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Yenilik Kümelerinde Firmalar Arası İstihdam Hareketliliğinin Sosyolojik Analizi

Year 2017, Issue: 55, 195 - 218, 27.07.2017

Abstract

Teknoparklar teknoloji tabanlı girişimcilik faaliyetlerinin yoğunlaştığı yenilikçi kümelerdir. Kümelerin en önemli avantajlarından birisi yetenekli istihdam havuzu oluşturması ve firmalar arası istihdam hareketliliğini sağlamasıdır. İstihdam hareketliliği ise firmaların rekabet güçlerini etkileyen parametrelerden birisidir. Türkiye’de 2016 sonu itibarıyla 53 teknoparkta yaklaşık 4.170 firma ve 40.000 çalışan bulunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmamız temel iki problem üzerinden kurgulanmıştır. Birincisi, Türkiye’de teknoparklarda firmalar arası istihdam hareketlerini etkileyen girişimci ve firma özellikleri nelerdir? İkincisi, firmalar arası personel geçişinin (personelin gidişi ve gelişi) firmaların rekabet gücüne etkisi nedir? ve bu etkide girişimci ve firmaların hangi özellikleri farklılaşmaktadır? Araştırma verileri girişimcilere uygulanan anket ile elde edilmiş olup, veri analizi probit ve sıralı logit regresyon tekniği ile yapılmıştır. Sonuçta teknoparklarda istihdam hareketlerinde; girişimcilerin yaşı, cinsiyeti, çalışma ve girişimcilik tecrübeleri ile firmaların çalışan sayısı, başarılı işletme olup olmadıkları ve bulundukları teknoparkın etkili faktörler arasında olduğu görülmüştür. İstihdam hareketlerinin firma rekabet gücüne etkisinde ise firmadan personel ayrılışı olumsuz etkilerken personel gelişinin olumlu etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu sonuçların kamunun istihdam hareketliliğini geliştirmesinde kullanılmasının yararlı olacağı düşünülmektedir.

References

  • Audrestsch D. B., ve Feldman M., P. (1996). “R&D Spill-Overs and Geopgraphy of Innovation and Production”. American Economic Review. 86:630-40
  • Audretsch, D.B., ve Keilbach, M., (2005). “The Mobility Of Economic Agents As Conduits Of Knowledge Spillovers”. The Role of Labour Mobility and Informal Networks for Knowledge Transfer, New York.
  • Bell, D. (1973). The Coming of Postindustrial Society, New York: Basic Books.
  • Boschma, R., R. Eriksson and U. Lindgren (2009), “How Does Labour Mobility Affect The Performance of Plants? The Importance of Relatedness and Geographical Proximity”. Journal of Economic Geography, 9 (2), pp.169-190
  • BSTB, (2016). “Teknoloji Geliştirme Bölgeleri İstatistikleri”. http://btgm.sanayi.gov.tr/sayfa.html?sayfaId=312fb1e1-4886-4088-9ed8-7fe6e190b6fd, Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2017.
  • Castells, M. (2005). Enformasyon Çağı, Ekonomi, Toplum ve Kültür, Ağ Toplumunun Yükselişi, Çev: Ebru Kılıç. Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Cansız, M. (2014). Innovative Entrepreneurship of Turkey (Tha case of Turkish Technoparks), Ministry of Development, Ankara.
  • Cooper, D.P., (2001). “Innovation and Reciprocal Externalities: Information Transmission via Job Mobility”. J. Econ. Behav. Organ. 45, 403–425.
  • Drucker, F., P., (1991). “The New Productivity Challenge”. Harvard Business Review, 69(6), 69–90.
  • Drucker F., P., (1994) Yeni Gerçekler, çev. Birtane Karanakçı, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Florida, R. (2002). The Rise of the Creative Class. New York: Basic Books.
  • Florida, R. (2005). Cities and the Creative Class. New York: Routledge.
  • Feldman, M.P., (1999). “The New Economics of Innovation, Spillovers and Agglomeration: A Review of Empirical Studies”. Econ. Innov. New Technol,8,5–25.
  • Fischer, M. ve Varga, A., (2003). “Spatial Knowledge Spillovers And University: Research: Evidence From Austria”. Ann. Reg. Sci,37, 303–322.
  • Greenan, N. ve Guellec, D., (2000). “Technological Innovation And Employment Reallocation”. Labour, 4 (14), 547–590.
  • Griliches, Z. (1992). “The Search for R&D Spill-Overs”: Scandanavian Journal of Economics, 94: 29-47
  • Hall, B., Mairesse, J., Mohnen, P., (2010). Measuring the Returns to R&D. In: Hall, B.,
  • Harvey, D. (1997). Postmodenliğin Durumu. Çev: Sungur Savran. Metis Yayınları, İstanbul
  • Liao, T. F., (1994). Interpreting Probability Models: Logit, Probit, and Other Generalized Linear Models. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.,
  • Kalkınma Bakanlığı, (2000). e-Türkiye Girişimi Eylem Planı. http://www.bilgitoplumu.gov.tr/Documents/1/Yayinlar/020800_E-TurkiyeEylemPlani.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 03.01.2017.
  • Kalkınma Bakanlığı, (2005). e-Dönüşüm Türkiye Projesi Kısa Dönem Eylem Planı. http://www.kalkinma.gov.tr/Lists/Yaynlar/Attachments/285/2005.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 03.01.2017.
  • Kalkınma Bakanlığı, (2006). Bilgi Toplumu Stratejisi. http://www.bilgitoplumu.gov.tr/strateji-ve-eylem-planlari-2/2006-2010-bilgi-toplumu-stratejisi/ Erişim Tarihi: 03.01.2017.
  • Kalkınma Bakanlığı, (2015). Bilgi Toplumu Stratejisi. http://www.bilgitoplumustratejisi.org/tr/doc/8a9481984680deca014bea4232490005 Erişim Tarihi: 03.01.2017.
  • Kim, J., Marschke, G., (2005). “Labor Mobility of Scientists, Technology Diffusion and The Firm’s Patenting Decision”. The Rand Journal of Economics, 36 (2), 298–317.
  • Kumar, K. (2013). Sanayi Sonrası Toplumdan Post-Modern Topluma, Çağdaş Dünyanın Yeni Kuramları. Çev: Mehmet Küçük. Ankara: Dost Kitapevi.
  • Lyotard, J. F. (2000). Postmodern Durum-Postmodern Nedir? (Çev: Ahmet Çiğdem). Ankara: Vadi Yayınları Marshall, A. (1920). Principles of Economics. London: Macmillan.
  • Masuda, Y. (1985). “Computopia, The Microelectronics Revolution”. T. Forester (ed), Oxford: Basil Blackwell, UK, pp. 620–634.
  • Masuda, Y. (1990). Managing in The Information Society: Releasing Synergy Japanese Style. Basil Blackwell, Oxford, UK.
  • Masso, J., vd., (2010). “The İmpact Of İnter Firm And Occupational Mobility On İnnovation: Evidence From Job Search Portal Data”. In: 4th Conferenceon Micro Evidence on Innovation in Developing Economies, Tartu, Estônia.
  • OECD, (2009), Cluster, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, OECD, Paris.
  • OECD, (2012), Entrepreneurship at a Glance, OECD, Paris.
  • Özen, N., E (2016) “Türkiye’nin Yenilikçi Sınıfı-1 Yenilikçi Sınıf Ve Bölgesel Gelişme İle İlişkisi”http://www.tepav.org.tr/upload/files/1394361997-4.Turkiye_nin_Yenilikci_Sinifi_1___Yenilikci_Sinif_ve_Bolgesel_Gelisme_ile_Iliskisi.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 03.01.2017.
  • Porter, Michael E. "Clusters and the New Economics of Competition" Harvard Business Review, 76, no:6 (November–December 1998): 77–90.
  • Song, J., Almeida, P., Wu, G.,. (2003) “Learning-by-Hiring: When Is Mobility More Likely to Facilitate Interfirm Knowledge Transfer?” Management Science, April, 49 (4), 351–365.
  • Sölvell, Ö., Lindqvist, G., and Ketels, C. (2003), The Cluster Initiative Greenbook, Stockholm: Ivory Tower Publishers.
  • Toffler, A. (1996) Üçüncü Dalga. (Çev: Ali Seden). İstanbul: Altın Kitaplar

Sociological Analysis of Inter-Firm Employment Movements in Innovation Clusters

Year 2017, Issue: 55, 195 - 218, 27.07.2017

Abstract

Technoparks are innovation clusters operated by technology-based entrepreneurs. An
important advantage of these clusters is that they create a pool of skilled employees
and are able to mobilize employment across firms. Employment mobility is one of the
parameters affecting the competitiveness of companies. By the end of 2016, there were
51 technoparks established in Turkey, with approximately 4.300 companies and 41.500
employees. This study focuses on two basic problems within this context. First, what are
the characteristics of entrepreneurs and firms that affect the employment movements in
technoparks in Turkey? Second, how do the personnel shifts across firms influence the
competitive power of such firms? Research data were collected through questionnaires
distributed to entrepreneurs. Collected data were then analyzed by probit and ordered
logit regression techniques. The analysis demonstrates that age, gender, experience of
entrepreneurship, number of firm employees, and the success of firms and technoparks
are influential factors affecting employment movements across firms in these innovation
clusters. Another finding shows that while staff departure from a company has a negative
effect on the competitiveness of that company, the staff entry has a positive effect. These
findings highlight the need to develop policies and practices that improve the workforce
mobility in technoparks.

References

  • Audrestsch D. B., ve Feldman M., P. (1996). “R&D Spill-Overs and Geopgraphy of Innovation and Production”. American Economic Review. 86:630-40
  • Audretsch, D.B., ve Keilbach, M., (2005). “The Mobility Of Economic Agents As Conduits Of Knowledge Spillovers”. The Role of Labour Mobility and Informal Networks for Knowledge Transfer, New York.
  • Bell, D. (1973). The Coming of Postindustrial Society, New York: Basic Books.
  • Boschma, R., R. Eriksson and U. Lindgren (2009), “How Does Labour Mobility Affect The Performance of Plants? The Importance of Relatedness and Geographical Proximity”. Journal of Economic Geography, 9 (2), pp.169-190
  • BSTB, (2016). “Teknoloji Geliştirme Bölgeleri İstatistikleri”. http://btgm.sanayi.gov.tr/sayfa.html?sayfaId=312fb1e1-4886-4088-9ed8-7fe6e190b6fd, Erişim Tarihi: 01.01.2017.
  • Castells, M. (2005). Enformasyon Çağı, Ekonomi, Toplum ve Kültür, Ağ Toplumunun Yükselişi, Çev: Ebru Kılıç. Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Cansız, M. (2014). Innovative Entrepreneurship of Turkey (Tha case of Turkish Technoparks), Ministry of Development, Ankara.
  • Cooper, D.P., (2001). “Innovation and Reciprocal Externalities: Information Transmission via Job Mobility”. J. Econ. Behav. Organ. 45, 403–425.
  • Drucker, F., P., (1991). “The New Productivity Challenge”. Harvard Business Review, 69(6), 69–90.
  • Drucker F., P., (1994) Yeni Gerçekler, çev. Birtane Karanakçı, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Florida, R. (2002). The Rise of the Creative Class. New York: Basic Books.
  • Florida, R. (2005). Cities and the Creative Class. New York: Routledge.
  • Feldman, M.P., (1999). “The New Economics of Innovation, Spillovers and Agglomeration: A Review of Empirical Studies”. Econ. Innov. New Technol,8,5–25.
  • Fischer, M. ve Varga, A., (2003). “Spatial Knowledge Spillovers And University: Research: Evidence From Austria”. Ann. Reg. Sci,37, 303–322.
  • Greenan, N. ve Guellec, D., (2000). “Technological Innovation And Employment Reallocation”. Labour, 4 (14), 547–590.
  • Griliches, Z. (1992). “The Search for R&D Spill-Overs”: Scandanavian Journal of Economics, 94: 29-47
  • Hall, B., Mairesse, J., Mohnen, P., (2010). Measuring the Returns to R&D. In: Hall, B.,
  • Harvey, D. (1997). Postmodenliğin Durumu. Çev: Sungur Savran. Metis Yayınları, İstanbul
  • Liao, T. F., (1994). Interpreting Probability Models: Logit, Probit, and Other Generalized Linear Models. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.,
  • Kalkınma Bakanlığı, (2000). e-Türkiye Girişimi Eylem Planı. http://www.bilgitoplumu.gov.tr/Documents/1/Yayinlar/020800_E-TurkiyeEylemPlani.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 03.01.2017.
  • Kalkınma Bakanlığı, (2005). e-Dönüşüm Türkiye Projesi Kısa Dönem Eylem Planı. http://www.kalkinma.gov.tr/Lists/Yaynlar/Attachments/285/2005.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 03.01.2017.
  • Kalkınma Bakanlığı, (2006). Bilgi Toplumu Stratejisi. http://www.bilgitoplumu.gov.tr/strateji-ve-eylem-planlari-2/2006-2010-bilgi-toplumu-stratejisi/ Erişim Tarihi: 03.01.2017.
  • Kalkınma Bakanlığı, (2015). Bilgi Toplumu Stratejisi. http://www.bilgitoplumustratejisi.org/tr/doc/8a9481984680deca014bea4232490005 Erişim Tarihi: 03.01.2017.
  • Kim, J., Marschke, G., (2005). “Labor Mobility of Scientists, Technology Diffusion and The Firm’s Patenting Decision”. The Rand Journal of Economics, 36 (2), 298–317.
  • Kumar, K. (2013). Sanayi Sonrası Toplumdan Post-Modern Topluma, Çağdaş Dünyanın Yeni Kuramları. Çev: Mehmet Küçük. Ankara: Dost Kitapevi.
  • Lyotard, J. F. (2000). Postmodern Durum-Postmodern Nedir? (Çev: Ahmet Çiğdem). Ankara: Vadi Yayınları Marshall, A. (1920). Principles of Economics. London: Macmillan.
  • Masuda, Y. (1985). “Computopia, The Microelectronics Revolution”. T. Forester (ed), Oxford: Basil Blackwell, UK, pp. 620–634.
  • Masuda, Y. (1990). Managing in The Information Society: Releasing Synergy Japanese Style. Basil Blackwell, Oxford, UK.
  • Masso, J., vd., (2010). “The İmpact Of İnter Firm And Occupational Mobility On İnnovation: Evidence From Job Search Portal Data”. In: 4th Conferenceon Micro Evidence on Innovation in Developing Economies, Tartu, Estônia.
  • OECD, (2009), Cluster, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, OECD, Paris.
  • OECD, (2012), Entrepreneurship at a Glance, OECD, Paris.
  • Özen, N., E (2016) “Türkiye’nin Yenilikçi Sınıfı-1 Yenilikçi Sınıf Ve Bölgesel Gelişme İle İlişkisi”http://www.tepav.org.tr/upload/files/1394361997-4.Turkiye_nin_Yenilikci_Sinifi_1___Yenilikci_Sinif_ve_Bolgesel_Gelisme_ile_Iliskisi.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 03.01.2017.
  • Porter, Michael E. "Clusters and the New Economics of Competition" Harvard Business Review, 76, no:6 (November–December 1998): 77–90.
  • Song, J., Almeida, P., Wu, G.,. (2003) “Learning-by-Hiring: When Is Mobility More Likely to Facilitate Interfirm Knowledge Transfer?” Management Science, April, 49 (4), 351–365.
  • Sölvell, Ö., Lindqvist, G., and Ketels, C. (2003), The Cluster Initiative Greenbook, Stockholm: Ivory Tower Publishers.
  • Toffler, A. (1996) Üçüncü Dalga. (Çev: Ali Seden). İstanbul: Altın Kitaplar
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLES
Authors

Mehmet Cansız

M. Demet Ulusoy

Publication Date July 27, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Issue: 55

Cite

APA Cansız, M., & Ulusoy, M. D. (2017). Sociological Analysis of Inter-Firm Employment Movements in Innovation Clusters. Istanbul Journal of Sociological Studies(55), 195-218.
AMA Cansız M, Ulusoy MD. Sociological Analysis of Inter-Firm Employment Movements in Innovation Clusters. Istanbul Journal of Sociological Studies. July 2017;(55):195-218.
Chicago Cansız, Mehmet, and M. Demet Ulusoy. “Sociological Analysis of Inter-Firm Employment Movements in Innovation Clusters”. Istanbul Journal of Sociological Studies, no. 55 (July 2017): 195-218.
EndNote Cansız M, Ulusoy MD (July 1, 2017) Sociological Analysis of Inter-Firm Employment Movements in Innovation Clusters. Istanbul Journal of Sociological Studies 55 195–218.
IEEE M. Cansız and M. D. Ulusoy, “Sociological Analysis of Inter-Firm Employment Movements in Innovation Clusters”, Istanbul Journal of Sociological Studies, no. 55, pp. 195–218, July 2017.
ISNAD Cansız, Mehmet - Ulusoy, M. Demet. “Sociological Analysis of Inter-Firm Employment Movements in Innovation Clusters”. Istanbul Journal of Sociological Studies 55 (July 2017), 195-218.
JAMA Cansız M, Ulusoy MD. Sociological Analysis of Inter-Firm Employment Movements in Innovation Clusters. Istanbul Journal of Sociological Studies. 2017;:195–218.
MLA Cansız, Mehmet and M. Demet Ulusoy. “Sociological Analysis of Inter-Firm Employment Movements in Innovation Clusters”. Istanbul Journal of Sociological Studies, no. 55, 2017, pp. 195-18.
Vancouver Cansız M, Ulusoy MD. Sociological Analysis of Inter-Firm Employment Movements in Innovation Clusters. Istanbul Journal of Sociological Studies. 2017(55):195-218.