Abstract
Ekonomik büyümenin olumsuz etkilerini telafi edici bir işlev gören sosyal güvenlik, işgücüne katılımı azalttığı yönünde eleştirilmektedir. Ekonomik ve sosyal koşulların refah çağına göre ağırlaştığı bir dönemde sosyal güvenlikte yeniden yapılanma ve köklü değişikliklerin gerekli olduğu karşıt görüşlüler dahil herkes tarafından savunulmaktadır. Gelişmiş ülkelerde erken emekliliğin kolaylaştırıldığı dönemlerde orta yaşlı ve yaşlı nüfusun işgücüne katılma oranları düşmüştür. Bu nedenle gelişmiş ülkelerde son yirmi yıldır emeklilik programlarında köklü değişiklikler ve düzenlemeler yapılmaktadır. Sosyal sigorta programlarında emeklilik yaşının yükseltilmesi, sosyal sigorta ödeneklerinden yararlanma koşullarının ağırlaştırılması, asgari korumanın yaygınlaştırılması gibi düzenlemeler ön plandadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı sosyal güvenliğin işgücüne katılımı azaltıp azaltmadığı yönünde bir sonuca varmaktır. Bunun için OECD üyesi 12 ülke verileri seçilerek 2000-2018 yılları arasındaki dönem için bir değerlendirme yapılmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda sosyal sigorta ödeneklerinden yararlanma ile işgücüne katılma arasında kuvvetli bir bağ bulunduğu ve sosyal güvenliğin işgücüne katılma oranı üzerinde olumsuz bir etkisinin olabileceği kanaatine ulaşılmıştır.
References
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The Influence of Social Security on Labor Force Participation for Selected OECD Countries: A Comparative Study
Abstract
Social security, which functions as a compensator for the negative effects of economic growth, is criticized for decreasing labor force participation. It is argued by everyone, including oppositionists, that restructuring and radical changes in social security are necessary in a period when economic and social conditions are worsening compared to the age of welfare. In developed countries, where early retirement is facilitated, the labor force participation rate of middle-aged and elderly people has decreased. For this reason, radical changes and regulations have been made in pension programs in developed countries for the last two decades. In social insurance programs, regulations such as increasing the retirement age, making the conditions for benefiting from social security benefits more difficult and extending the minimum protection are at the forefront. The purpose of this study is to come to a conclusion as to whether social security reduces labor force participation. For this, the data of 12 OECD member countries were selected and an evaluation was made for the period between 2000-2018. As a result of the study, it was concluded that there is a strong link between benefiting from social security benefits and labor force participation and that social security may have a negative effect on the rate of participation in the labor force.
References
- Arce, F. P., Prados, M. J., Kohli, T. (2018). The Decline in the U.S. Labor Force Participation Rate, September 2018, s.1-72 Erişim adresi: https://mrdrc.isr.umich.edu/publications/papers/pdf/wp385.pdf
- Baker, E. S. (2018). Down and Down We Go: The Falling U.S. Labor Force Participation Rate, October, 2018, Erişim adresi: https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2018/beyond-bls/down-and-down-we-go-the-falling-us-labor-force-participation-rate.htm
- Cerda, R. A. Does Social Security Affect Retirement and Labour Supply ? Evidence From Chile, The Developing Economies, XLIII-2, (June 2005), s.235-64, Erişim adresi : https://www.ide.go.jp/library/English/Publish/Periodicals/De/pdf/05_02_02.pdf
- Ercan, H. (2011). Türkiye'de Mesleki Görünüm, ILO, Ankara, Erişim adresi: https://www.undp.org/content/dam/turkey/docs/projectdocuments/PovRed/MDG_F_1928/UNDP-TR-YEM_Mesleki%20Gorunum_Basim_TR.pdf
- Euronews. (11/03/2020).Erişim adresi: https://www.euronews.com/2020/02/12/a-low-birth-rate-and-a-rapidly-ageing-population-europe-s-demographic-crisis-explained Euronews. (8/3/2019).
- Gruber, J., MIT, Wise, D. (1999). Social Security, Retirement Incentives, and Retirement Behavior:An International Perspective, EBRI Issue Brief Number 209, May 1999.
- Gruber, J., & Wıse, D. (1999). Introduction and Summary, Social Security and Retirement Around the World, Ed.Jonathan Gruber and David A> Wise, Chicago university Press, s.1-35
- ILO. (2017). World Social Protection Report 2017-2019, Erişim adresi: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_604882.pdf
- Krueger, A. B., Pischke, J. S. (1992). The Effect of Social Security on Labor Supply: A Cohort Analysis of the Notch Generation Journal of Labor Economics, 10(4), 412-437
- OECD. Ageing and Employment Policies in Korea. Erişim adresi: http://www.oecd.org/employment/emp/33906935.pdf
- Öğütoğulları, E. ve Kılıç, C. (2016).İşgücü Piyasasında Yeni Bir Problem Alanı: 40 Yaş ve Üstü İşsizler, Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, 7(1), 85-97, Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/308079
- Schulz, J. H. Economic Support in Old Age: The Role of Social Insurance in Developing Countries, International Social Security Rewiew, Vol.45 4/92, s.75-101.
- Sigg, R., & Christina, B. (2002). “Social Securiy in the Global Village : Mapping the Issues”, Social Security in the Global Village, Editors: Sigg, Roland-Christina Behrendt, International Social Security Series, Volume 8, Taylor-Francis Group, New Jersey, s.1-13
- Supan, A. B. Incentive Effects Of Social Security On Labour Force Participation:Evidence In Germany and Across Europe, Working Paper.6780
- TUİK. Haber Bülteni, Nisan 2020, Erişim adresi: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=33788, 10.07.2020
- TUİK. Haber Bülteni (2018) http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=30567, 21 Şubat 2018
- UN. (2007).The Employment Imperative, New York, Erişim adresi: https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/rwss/docs/2007/rwss07_fullreport.pdf
- UN. (2017).World Population Ageing 2017 Erişim adresi: https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/ageing/WPA2017_Highlights.pdf
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 31, 2020 |
| Submission Date | May 23, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020 |