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TIBBİ BİLGİNİN İDEOLOJİK KULLANIMI ÜZERİNE OKUMALAR: YENİ BABİL KRONİKLERİNDE HASTALIKLAR VE BABİL TARİH YAZICILIĞI

Year 2019, Issue: 69, 1 - 36, 01.06.2019

Abstract

Bu çalışmada M.Ö. I. binyılın ikinci
yarısında derlenen Yeni Babil Kronikleri’ndeki (ABC 1-7 ve MC 16-17, 21-26)
hastalıklar ve sakatlıklarla ilgili kayıtlar ele alınacaktır. Bu kayıtlardaki
bilgilerin söz konusu binyılın tıp tarihi açısından tarihsel değeri
değerlendirilmeye çalışılacaktır. Özellikle metinlerin derlendiği zamandan önce
hüküm sürmüş Mezopotamya ve Elam krallarının kimi zaman ölümcül sonuçları olan
hastalıklarıyla ilgili detaylara odaklanılacaktır. Kâtipler tarafından daha
ziyade siyasi ve askeri olayların kayıt altına alındığı kroniklerde bu tıbbi
konulara neden yer verilmiş olabileceği üzerinde düşünmek, kralların
hastalıklarıyla ilgili kayıt geleneğinin tarih yazımının siyasal, dinsel ve
geleneksel yönleriyle olan ilişkilerine dair bazı değerlendirmelerde
bulunabilmek açısından önemlidir. Böylece kralların tıbbi rahatsızlıklarıyla
ilgili kayıtların kroniklerin gerçekçi ve yansız bir bakış açısıyla derlenen
metinler olduğu yönündeki modern kabulün sorgulanmasındaki rolü
tartışılacaktır. Çalışma M.Ö. 3. binyılın ortalarından M.Ö. 6. yüzyılın
sonlarına kadarki dönemi içerecektir. Dolayısıyla bu dönemlerle ilgili kayıtlar
içeren Weidner ve Eski Krallar Kronikleri gibi diğer kroniklere de yeri
geldiğince değinilecektir.  

Cite this article as: Kağnıcı, Gökhan,
“Tıbbi Bilginin İdeolojik Kullanımı Üzerine Okumalar: Yeni Babil Kroniklerinde
Hastalıklar ve Babil Tarih Yazıcılığı”, Turk J Hist sayı 69 (2019), s.1-36.

References

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Abusch - John Huehnergard - Piotr Steinkeller, Harvard Semitic Studies 38, Scholars Press, Atlanta 1990, s. 73-104. __________, A Political History of Post-Kassite Babylonia: 1158-722 B.C., Pontificum Institutum Biblicum, Roma 1968. De Breucker, G., “Heroes and Sinners: Babylonian Kings in Cuneiform Historiography of the Persian and Hellenistic Periods”, Political Memory in and after the Persian Empire, Eds. J. M. Silverman - C. Waerzeggers, SBL, Atlanta 2015, s. 75-94. Elayi, J., Sargon II, King of Assyria, SBL Press, Atlanta 2017. Fincke, J. C., “Spezialisierung und Differenzierung im Bereich der altorientalischen Medizin: Die Dermatologie am Beispiel der Symptome simmu matqutu, kalmatu (matuqtu), kibšu, kiṣṣatu und gurištu”, The Empirical Dimension of Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Ed. Gebhard J. Selz, Lit Verlag, Münster 2011, s. 159-208. Finkel, I. L., “Adad-apla-iddina, Esagil-kin-apli, and the Series SA. GIG”, A Scientific Humanist: Studies in Memory of Abraham Sachs, Eds. Erle Leichty - Maria Dej Ellis, University Museum, Philadelphia 1988, s. 143-159. __________, “Bilingual Chronicle Fragments”, Journal of Cuneiform Studies, 32/2, 1980, s. 65-80. Frahm, E., “Sanherib”, Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie, 12, Berlin - New York 2009, s. 12-22. Frame, G., Babylonia 689-627 B.C.: A Political History, Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten, Leiden 1992. __________, Rulers of Babylonia: From the Second Dynasty of Isin to the End of Assyrian Domination (1157-612 BC), The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia Babylonian Periods [RIMB] 2, University of Toronto Press, Toronto 1995. Frayne, D. R., Old Babylonian Period (2003-1595 BC), The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia Early Periods [RIME] 4, University of Toronto Press, Toronto 1990. Gadd, C. J. “The Harran Inscriptions of Nabonidus”, Anatolian Studies, 8, 1958, s. 35-92. Gallagher, W. R., Sennacherib’s Campaign to Judah: New Studies, Brill, Leiden 1999. Geller, M. J. - S. L. Cohen, “Kidney and Urinary Tract Disease in Ancient Babylonia, with Translations of the Cuneiform Sources”, Kidney International, 47, 1995, s. 1811-1815. Glassner, J. J., “Le devin historien en Mésopotamie”, Proceedings of the XLVe Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale: Historiography in the Cuneiform World, Part I, Ed. Tzvi Abusch ve diğerleri, CDL Press, Bethesda-Maryland 2001, s. 181-193. __________, Chroniques mésopotamiennes, Les Belles Lettres, Paris 1993. __________, Mesopotamian Chronicles, SBLWAW 19, Ed. Benjamin Foster, Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta 2004. Goddeeris, A., Tablets from Kisurra in the Collections of British Museum, Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden 2009. Grayson A. K., “Königslisten und Chroniken. B. Akkadisch.”, Reallexikon der Assyrologie und vorderasiatischen Archaologie, 6, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin - New York 1980-1983, s. 86-135. __________, Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles, TCS 5 (tekrar basım), Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake- Indiana 2000. __________, Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles, TCS 5, Locust Valley, J. J. Augustin, N.Y. 1975. __________ - J. Novotny, The Royal Inscriptions of Sennacherib King of Assyria (704-681 BC), Part I, The Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period [RINAP] 3/1, Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake-Indiana 2012. Gurney, O. R., “The Sultantepe Tablets (Continued). IV. The Cuthaean Legend of Naram-Sin”, Anatolian Studies, 5, 1955, s. 93-113. Hallo, W. W., “The Death of Kings: Traditional Historiography in Contextual Perspective”, Ah, Assyria: Studies in Assyrian History and Ancient Near Eastern Historiography Presented to Hayim Tadmor, Eds. 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Rollinger, Ugarit-Verlag, Münster 2005, s. 339-397. Hunger, H, Babylonische und assyrische Kolophone, Neukirchener, Neukirchen-Vluyn 1968. Kağnıcı, G., “Eski Mezopotamya’da Sıtma Hastalığı”, Tarihsel Süreçte Anadolu’da Sıtma, Ed. Şükran Köse ve diğerleri, Gece Kitaplığı, Ankara 2017, s. 99-116. Kinsbourne, M., “The Right Hemisphere and Recovery From Aphasia”, Handbook of Neurolinguistics, Eds. Brigitte Stemmer - Harry A. Whitaker, Academic Press, San Diego-California 1998, s. 385-392. Labat, R., “La Mort Du Roi D’Elam Ḫumban-Ḫaltaš I, Dans La Chronique Babylonienne”, Archiv Orientální [ArOr], 17, 1949, s. 1-6. Lambert, W. G., “Nabonidus in Arabia”, Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, Vol. 2, Archaeopress Publishing, 1972, s. 53-64. Liverani, M., “Later Mesopotamia”, The Oxford History of Historical Writing Volume I: The Beginnings to AD 600, Eds. Andrew Feldherr - Grant Hardy, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2011, s. 29-52. 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IDEOLOGICAL READINGS THROUGH THE MEDICAL RECORDS: ILLNESSES IN THE NEO-BABYLONIAN CHRONICLES AND BABYLONIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY

Year 2019, Issue: 69, 1 - 36, 01.06.2019

Abstract

In this study, we will focus on the
illnesses and disabilities mentioned in the Neo-Babylonian Chronicles Series
(ABC 1-7 and MC 16-17, 21-26) which were compiled in the second half of the
first millennium BC. The information in these records will be evaluated with
regards to medical history in the first millennium BC. Particular attention
will be given to the details concerning illnesses with fatal consequences for
Mesopotamian and Elamite kings who had ruled before the time that the texts
were compiled. It is very important to think about why the medical problems in
question are included in some of the chronicles since the chronicles speak of
accounts of noteworthy political and military events in general. Including
information about the medical disorders concerning kings, the chronicles
contents can contribute to evaluations of the relationship between the
political, religious and traditional aspects of Babylonian historiography. The
modern assumption, that Neo-Babylonian and certain other chronicles are “models
of historical probity” and impartial texts sharing a historical critique on the
records of the kings’ illnesses, will be discussed. This study is related to
the historical period between the middle of the third millenium and the end of
the sixth century BC.  In addition, other
chronicles such as the Weidner Chronicle and the Chronicle of Early Kings
concerning this period will be referenced considerably as well. 

Cite this article as: Kağnıcı, Gökhan,
“Tıbbi Bilginin İdeolojik Kullanımı Üzerine Okumalar: Yeni Babil Kroniklerinde
Hastalıklar ve Babil Tarih Yazıcılığı”, Turk J Hist sayı 69 (2019), s.1-36.

References

  • Adalı, S. F. - A.T. Görgü, Bâbil Hemeroloji Serisi: Uğurlu ve Uğursuz Günler Takvimi, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul 2017. Adamson, P.B., “The Influence of the King on Medical Practice in Ancient Mesopotamia”, Medicina Nei Secoli, 1, 1989, s. 13-22. Ambos, C., “Types of Ritual Failure and Mistakes in Ritual in Cuneiform Sources”, When Rituals Go Wrong: Mistakes, Failure, and the Dynamics of Ritual, Ed. Ute Hüsken, Brill, Leiden 2007, s. 25-47. Beaulieu, P. A., “Nabonidus the Mad King: A Reconsideration of His Steles from Harran and Babylon”, Representations of Political Power, Eds. Marlies Heins - Marian H. Feldman, Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake- Indiana 2007, s. 137-166. Bottéro, J., Mezopotamya: Yazı, Akıl ve Tanrılar, çev. Mehmet Emin Özcan - Ayten Er, Dost Kitabevi Yayınları, Ankara 2003. Brinkman, J. A., “The Babylonian Chronicle Revisited”, Lingering over Words, Studies in Ancient Near Eastern Literature in Honor of William L. Moran, Eds. T. Abusch - John Huehnergard - Piotr Steinkeller, Harvard Semitic Studies 38, Scholars Press, Atlanta 1990, s. 73-104. __________, A Political History of Post-Kassite Babylonia: 1158-722 B.C., Pontificum Institutum Biblicum, Roma 1968. De Breucker, G., “Heroes and Sinners: Babylonian Kings in Cuneiform Historiography of the Persian and Hellenistic Periods”, Political Memory in and after the Persian Empire, Eds. J. M. Silverman - C. Waerzeggers, SBL, Atlanta 2015, s. 75-94. Elayi, J., Sargon II, King of Assyria, SBL Press, Atlanta 2017. Fincke, J. C., “Spezialisierung und Differenzierung im Bereich der altorientalischen Medizin: Die Dermatologie am Beispiel der Symptome simmu matqutu, kalmatu (matuqtu), kibšu, kiṣṣatu und gurištu”, The Empirical Dimension of Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Ed. Gebhard J. Selz, Lit Verlag, Münster 2011, s. 159-208. Finkel, I. L., “Adad-apla-iddina, Esagil-kin-apli, and the Series SA. GIG”, A Scientific Humanist: Studies in Memory of Abraham Sachs, Eds. Erle Leichty - Maria Dej Ellis, University Museum, Philadelphia 1988, s. 143-159. __________, “Bilingual Chronicle Fragments”, Journal of Cuneiform Studies, 32/2, 1980, s. 65-80. Frahm, E., “Sanherib”, Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie, 12, Berlin - New York 2009, s. 12-22. Frame, G., Babylonia 689-627 B.C.: A Political History, Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten, Leiden 1992. __________, Rulers of Babylonia: From the Second Dynasty of Isin to the End of Assyrian Domination (1157-612 BC), The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia Babylonian Periods [RIMB] 2, University of Toronto Press, Toronto 1995. Frayne, D. R., Old Babylonian Period (2003-1595 BC), The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia Early Periods [RIME] 4, University of Toronto Press, Toronto 1990. Gadd, C. J. “The Harran Inscriptions of Nabonidus”, Anatolian Studies, 8, 1958, s. 35-92. Gallagher, W. R., Sennacherib’s Campaign to Judah: New Studies, Brill, Leiden 1999. Geller, M. J. - S. L. Cohen, “Kidney and Urinary Tract Disease in Ancient Babylonia, with Translations of the Cuneiform Sources”, Kidney International, 47, 1995, s. 1811-1815. Glassner, J. J., “Le devin historien en Mésopotamie”, Proceedings of the XLVe Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale: Historiography in the Cuneiform World, Part I, Ed. Tzvi Abusch ve diğerleri, CDL Press, Bethesda-Maryland 2001, s. 181-193. __________, Chroniques mésopotamiennes, Les Belles Lettres, Paris 1993. __________, Mesopotamian Chronicles, SBLWAW 19, Ed. Benjamin Foster, Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta 2004. Goddeeris, A., Tablets from Kisurra in the Collections of British Museum, Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden 2009. Grayson A. K., “Königslisten und Chroniken. B. Akkadisch.”, Reallexikon der Assyrologie und vorderasiatischen Archaologie, 6, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin - New York 1980-1983, s. 86-135. __________, Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles, TCS 5 (tekrar basım), Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake- Indiana 2000. __________, Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles, TCS 5, Locust Valley, J. J. Augustin, N.Y. 1975. __________ - J. Novotny, The Royal Inscriptions of Sennacherib King of Assyria (704-681 BC), Part I, The Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period [RINAP] 3/1, Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake-Indiana 2012. Gurney, O. R., “The Sultantepe Tablets (Continued). IV. The Cuthaean Legend of Naram-Sin”, Anatolian Studies, 5, 1955, s. 93-113. Hallo, W. W., “The Death of Kings: Traditional Historiography in Contextual Perspective”, Ah, Assyria: Studies in Assyrian History and Ancient Near Eastern Historiography Presented to Hayim Tadmor, Eds. Mordechai Cogan - Israel Eph’al, The Magnes Press, Jerusalem 1991, s. 148-166. __________, “The Limits of Skepticism”, Journal of the American Oriental Society 110/2, 1990, s. 187-199. Heeßel, N. P., “Diagnosis, Divination and Disease: Towards an Understanding of the Rationale Behind the Babylonian Diagnostic Handbook”, Magic and Rationality in Ancient Near Eastern and Graeco-Roman Medicine, Eds. H. F. J. Horstmanshoff - Marten Stol, Brill, Leiden- Boston 2004, s. 97-116. __________, “The Hands of the Gods: Disease Names, and Divine Anger”, Disease in Babylonia, Eds. I.L.Finkel - M.J.Geller, Brill, Leiden 2007, s. 120-130. __________, Babylonisch-assyrische Diagnostik, Alter Orient und Altes Testament 43, Ugarit- Verlag, Münster 2000. Huber, I., “Ersatzkönige in griechischem Gewand: Die Umformung der šar pūhi-Rituale bei Herodot, Berossos, Agathias und den Alexander-Historikern“, Von Sumer bis Homer, Festschrift für Manfred Schretter zur Vollendung des 60. Lebensjahres, Ed. R. Rollinger, Ugarit-Verlag, Münster 2005, s. 339-397. Hunger, H, Babylonische und assyrische Kolophone, Neukirchener, Neukirchen-Vluyn 1968. Kağnıcı, G., “Eski Mezopotamya’da Sıtma Hastalığı”, Tarihsel Süreçte Anadolu’da Sıtma, Ed. Şükran Köse ve diğerleri, Gece Kitaplığı, Ankara 2017, s. 99-116. Kinsbourne, M., “The Right Hemisphere and Recovery From Aphasia”, Handbook of Neurolinguistics, Eds. Brigitte Stemmer - Harry A. Whitaker, Academic Press, San Diego-California 1998, s. 385-392. Labat, R., “La Mort Du Roi D’Elam Ḫumban-Ḫaltaš I, Dans La Chronique Babylonienne”, Archiv Orientální [ArOr], 17, 1949, s. 1-6. Lambert, W. G., “Nabonidus in Arabia”, Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, Vol. 2, Archaeopress Publishing, 1972, s. 53-64. Liverani, M., “Later Mesopotamia”, The Oxford History of Historical Writing Volume I: The Beginnings to AD 600, Eds. Andrew Feldherr - Grant Hardy, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2011, s. 29-52. Livingstone, A., Hemerologies of Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars, CDL Press, Bethesda, Maryland 2013. Luckenbill, D. D., Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia, Volume 2, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois 1927. Mattila, R., “The Political Status of Elam after 653 BC According to ABL 839”, State Archives of Assyria Bulletin, I, 1987, s. 27-30. Milik, J. T., “Prière de Nabonide et autres ècrits d’un cycle de Daniel: Fragments aramèens de Qumrân 4”, Revue Biblique, 63/3, 1956, s. 407-415. Mitsuma, Y., “From Preliminary Diaries to Short Diaries: The First and Second Steps in the Compilation Process of the Late Babylonian Astronomical Diaries”, Sources and Commentaries in Exact Sciences [SCIAMVS], 16, 2015, s. 53-73. __________, “The Offering for Well-Being in Seleucid and Arsacid Babylon”, Archiv für Orientforschung, 53, 2015, s. 117-127. Oshima, T., Babylonian Poems of Pious Sufferers: Ludlul Bel Nemeqi and the Babylonian Theodicy, Mohr Siebeck, Tubingen 2014. Parpola, S., “Assyrian Library Records”, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 42/1, 1983, s. 1-29. __________, Letters from Assyrian Scholars to the Kings Esarhaddon and Assurbanipal, Part II: Commentary and Appendices, Alter Orient und Altes Testament 5/2, Butzon & Bercker, Neukirchen-Vluyn 1983. __________, - K. Watanabe, Neo-Assyrian Treaties and Loyalty Oaths (State Archives of Assyria 2-SAA 2), Helsinki University Press, Helsinki 1988. Potts, D. T., “The Elamites”, The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History, Ed. Touraj Daryaee, Oxford University Press, New York 2012, s. 37-56. Radner, K., “The Trials of Esarhaddon: The Conspiracy of 670 BC”, Isimu, VI, 2003, s. 165-183. Salin, S., “When Disease “Touches”, “Hits”, or “Seizes” in Assyro-Babylonian Medicine”, Kaskal, 12, 2015, s. 319-336. __________, “Words for Loss of Sensation and Paralysis in Assyro-Babylonian Medical Texts: Some Considerations”, Le Journal Des Médecınes Cunéiformes [JMC], 31, 2018, s. 26-37. 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Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Gökhan Kağnıcı

Publication Date June 1, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Issue: 69

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APA Kağnıcı, G. (2019). IDEOLOGICAL READINGS THROUGH THE MEDICAL RECORDS: ILLNESSES IN THE NEO-BABYLONIAN CHRONICLES AND BABYLONIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY. Tarih Dergisi(69), 1-36.
AMA Kağnıcı G. IDEOLOGICAL READINGS THROUGH THE MEDICAL RECORDS: ILLNESSES IN THE NEO-BABYLONIAN CHRONICLES AND BABYLONIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY. Tarih Dergisi. June 2019;(69):1-36.
Chicago Kağnıcı, Gökhan. “IDEOLOGICAL READINGS THROUGH THE MEDICAL RECORDS: ILLNESSES IN THE NEO-BABYLONIAN CHRONICLES AND BABYLONIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY”. Tarih Dergisi, no. 69 (June 2019): 1-36.
EndNote Kağnıcı G (June 1, 2019) IDEOLOGICAL READINGS THROUGH THE MEDICAL RECORDS: ILLNESSES IN THE NEO-BABYLONIAN CHRONICLES AND BABYLONIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY. Tarih Dergisi 69 1–36.
IEEE G. Kağnıcı, “IDEOLOGICAL READINGS THROUGH THE MEDICAL RECORDS: ILLNESSES IN THE NEO-BABYLONIAN CHRONICLES AND BABYLONIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY”, Tarih Dergisi, no. 69, pp. 1–36, June 2019.
ISNAD Kağnıcı, Gökhan. “IDEOLOGICAL READINGS THROUGH THE MEDICAL RECORDS: ILLNESSES IN THE NEO-BABYLONIAN CHRONICLES AND BABYLONIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY”. Tarih Dergisi 69 (June 2019), 1-36.
JAMA Kağnıcı G. IDEOLOGICAL READINGS THROUGH THE MEDICAL RECORDS: ILLNESSES IN THE NEO-BABYLONIAN CHRONICLES AND BABYLONIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY. Tarih Dergisi. 2019;:1–36.
MLA Kağnıcı, Gökhan. “IDEOLOGICAL READINGS THROUGH THE MEDICAL RECORDS: ILLNESSES IN THE NEO-BABYLONIAN CHRONICLES AND BABYLONIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY”. Tarih Dergisi, no. 69, 2019, pp. 1-36.
Vancouver Kağnıcı G. IDEOLOGICAL READINGS THROUGH THE MEDICAL RECORDS: ILLNESSES IN THE NEO-BABYLONIAN CHRONICLES AND BABYLONIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY. Tarih Dergisi. 2019(69):1-36.