Otherness Within the Otherness: Discrimination of Muslim Female Prisoners in the Prison System of Habsburg Bosnia

Year 2024, Issue: 84, 107 - 125, 30.10.2024

Amila Kasumović

https://doi.org/10.26650/iutd.1496103

Abstract

The issues of the prison system of the Habsburg Monarchy and the treatment of its prisoners in the late 19th century have not been investigated in historiography. Historians did not pay attention to the treatment of female prisoners in Habsburg’s penal practices in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Based on archival records, the article aims to fill this lacuna in the historiography of the Habsburg Monarchy in order to demonstrate how the Habsburg administration in Bosnia either failed to accomplish much-needed reforms within the prison system or at least failed to achieve them in full, even though Habsburg officials promised to implement the Irish progressive system, the golden standard of the time. The article illustrates that the modern approach to imprisonment and the treatment of prisoners in accordance with the latest belief that time spent in prison could rehabilitate the prisoner was not correctly applied to long-term female prisoners in Bosnia, especially Muslim ones.

Keywords

Habsburg Monarchy, Bosnia and Herzegovina, female prisoners, Muslims, prison reform

Ötekilik İçinde Ötekilik: Habsburg Bosna'sının Hapishane Sistemi'nde Müslüman Kadın Mahkûmlara Yönelik Ayrımcılık

Abstract

Habsburg Monarşisi'nin hapishane sistemi ve 19. yüzyılın sonlarında mahkumlara yapılan muamelelere ilişkin meseleler mevcut literatürde henüz incelenmiş değildir. Tarihçiler, Habsburg'un 19. yüzyıl sonu ve 20. yüzyıl başındaki cezaevi uygulamalarında kadın mahkûmlara yönelik muameleler üzerinde durmamışlardır. Bu makale, arşiv kayıtlarına dayanarak, Habsburg Monarşisi tarih yazımındaki bu boşluğu doldurmayı ve Habsburg yetkililerinin dönemin altın standardı olan İrlanda ilerici sistemini uygulama sözü vermelerine rağmen, Bosna'daki Habsburg yönetiminin hapishane sisteminde çok ihtiyaç duyulan reformları gerçekleştirmede nasıl başarısız olduklarını ya da en azından tam olarak gerçekleştirme girişiminin nasıl akamete uğradığını göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu makale, hapishanede geçirilen zamanın mahkûmu ıslah edeceğine dair son inanışa uygun olarak hapsetmeye ve mahkûmlara muamele etmeye yönelik modern yaklaşımın, Bosna'daki uzun süreli kadın mahkûmlara, özellikle de Müslüman olanlara doğru yöntemle uygulanmadığını göstermektedir.

Keywords

Habsburg Monarşisi, Bosna-Hersek, Kadın Mahkumlar, Müslümanlar, Hapishane Reformu

Supporting Institution

The research presented in this article was financed by the grant of the Polish National Science Center: Social Changes of the Muslim Communities in Bosnia-Hercegovina and Bulgaria in the Second Half of the 19th and at the Beginning of the 20th Century: Comparative Studies (2020/39/B/HS3/01717).

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