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Eski Uygurca Buddhāvataṁsaka-sūtra Tefsirine Ait Üç Fragman

Year 2020, Volume: 60 Issue: 2, 761 - 779, 28.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.26650/TUDED2020-0022

Abstract

Budizmin Çin’e girişi MS 1. yüzyıl ile tarihlendirilir. Budizmin Çin’e girerken izlediği yol hakkında birincisi Orta Asya ve Xinjiang’dan geldiği düşüncesi ve ikincisi ise İpek Yolu güzergâhını takip ettiği düşüncesi olmak üzere sıklıkla öne sürülen iki fikir vardır. Budizmin Çin’de Huan ve Ling dönemlerinde yayıldığı bilinse de esasen bu öğreti Çin’de Tang hanedanlığı (618-907) döneminde ciddi bir gelişim sağlamıştır. Tang döneminde ve sonrasında Çin’de bir Hint muadili olmayan birçok ekol ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu ekollerin çoğu Sanskritçe külliyata dayanır. Bunlardan birisi de, bu çalışmanın da konusunu oluşturan, Buddhāvataṁsaka-sūtra’dır. Çin’de bu eser temelinde Huayan ekolü ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu yazı şimdiye kadar neşredilmemiş Eski Uygurca Buddhāvataṁsaka-sūtra tefsirine ait üç fragmanın neşrini konu edinmektedir. Bu fragmanlar Berlin Turfan Koleksiyonu’nda sırasıyla Mainz 769-3 (b fragmanı), Mainz 18 ve Mainz 758-7 (a fragmanı) arşiv numaralarıyla saklanmaktadır. Eski Uygurca Buddhāvataṁsaka-sūtra tefsiri, Budizmin Faxiang ekolüne ilişkin metinleri içeren bir yazma eserin 20. bölümünü oluşturmaktadır. Bu yazıya konu olan fragmanlar ise 20. bölüme ait olmasına karşın sayfa numaralarına sahip değildir.

References

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  • Edgerton, F. (1953). Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and Dictionary,c. II: Dictionary. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Erdal, M. (1991). Old Turkic Word Formation. A Functional Approach to the Lexicon.Vol. I-II. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. (Turcologica 7.)
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  • Gharib, B. (1995). Sogdian Dictionary: Sogdian-Persian-English. Tehran: Farhangan.Green, R. S. ve C. Mun (2018). Gyōnen’s Transmission of the Buddha Dharma in Three Countries. Leiden & Boston: Brill. (Numen Book Series. Studies in the History of Religions. 159).
  • Hamar, I. (2014). “Huayan Explorations of the Realm of Reality”, ed. Mario Poceski. The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to East and Inner Asian Buddhism. New Jersey: Blackwell Publishing: 145-165.Japanese-English Buddhist Dictionary (1979). Tōkyō: Daitō Shunppansha.
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  • Poceski, M. (2012). “Chinese Buddhism”, ed. Randall L. Nadeau. The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Chinese Religions. New Jersey: Blackwell Publishing: 197-218.
  • Poceski, M. (2014). “Buddhism in Chinese History”, ed. Mario Poceski. The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to East and Inner Asian Buddhism. New Jersey: Blackwell Publishing: 40-62.
  • Poucha, P. (1955). Institutiones Linguae Tocharicae. Pars I: Thesaurus Linguae Tocharicae Dialecti A.Praha: Statni Pedagogicke Nakladatelstvi. (Monografie Archivu Orientalniho. XV.)
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  • Röhrborn, K. (1991). Die alttürkische Xuanzang-Biographie VII. Nach der Handschrift von Leningrad, Paris und Peking sowie nach dem Transkript von Annemarie von Gabain hrsg., übersetzt und kommentiert.Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. (Xuanzangs Leben und Werk. 3. VdSUA. 34.)
  • Röhrborn, K. (2010). Uigurisches Wörterbuch. Sprachmaterial der vorislamischen türkischen Texte aus Zentralasien, Neubearbeitung. I. Verben. Band. 1: ab- - äzüglä-. Stuttgart: Steiner.
  • Soothill, W. E. ve L. Hodous (1937) A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms: with Sanskrit and English Equivalents and a Sanskrit-Pali Index. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co.
  • Tokyürek, H. (2018). Altun Yaruk Sudur IV. Tegzinç (Karşılaştırmalı Metin Yayını). Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları. (AKDTYK. TDK. 1268. Eski Uygurca Kütüphanesi 8.)
  • Elektronik Kaynaklar DDB = Digital Dictionary of Buddhism, www.buddhism-dict.net (Erişim tarihi: 20.03.2020).
  • Mainz 18: [ön:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/mainz/images/mainz0018_seite1.jpg (Erişim tarihi 20.03.2020) ve [arka:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/mainz/images/mainz0018_seite2.jpg (Erişim tarihi: 20.03.2020)
  • Mainz 758-7 (a fragmanı) (T I D 7): [ön:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/mainz/images/mainz0758_seite1.jpg (Erişim tarihi 20.03.2020) ve [arka:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/mainz/images/mainz0758_seite2.jpg (Erişim tarihi: 20.03.2020)
  • Mainz 769-3 (b fragmanı) (T I D 3): [ön:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/mainz/images/mainz0769_seite1.jpg (Erişim tarihi 20.03.2020) ve [arka:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/mainz/images/mainz0769_seite2.jpg (Erişim tarihi: 20.03.2020)

Three Fragments of a Commentary on the Buddhāvataṁsaka-sūtra

Year 2020, Volume: 60 Issue: 2, 761 - 779, 28.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.26650/TUDED2020-0022

Abstract

he transmission of Buddhism to China has been dated to the 1st-century CE. There are two theories about how Buddhism this transmission. The first is that Buddhism came to China from Central Asia and Xinjiang, and the second is that it followed the Silk Route. Although Buddhism started spreading in China during the Huan and Ling periods of Han, it developed significantly during the Tang dynasty. Many schools of thought that did not have an Indian equivalent emerged in China during and after the Tang period. Most of those schools were based on Sanskrit canons. One of the texts was the Buddhāvataṁsaka-sūtra, which is the subject of this study. In China, the Huayan school emerged based on this work. This paper investigates three unpublished fragments of a commentary on the Buddhāvataṁsaka-sūtra in Old Uyghur. They are preserved at the Berlin Turfan Collection with archive numbers Mainz 769-3 (fragment b), Mainz 18 and Mainz 758-7 (fragment a), respectively. They form the 20th chapter of a manuscript containing the texts related to the Faxiang school of Buddhism. The fragments in question belonging to chapter 20 have no pagination.

References

  • Adams, D. Q. (2013). A dictionary of tocharian b. revised and greatly enlarged. Vol. 1-2. Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi. (Leiden Studies in Indo-European. 10.)
  • Aydemir, H. (2013). Die alttürkische Xuanzang-Biographie IX. Nach der Handschrift von Paris, Peking und St. Petersburg sowie nach dem Transkript von Annemarie v. Gabain ediert, übersetzt und kommentiert. Band I-II. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. (Xuanzangs Leben und Werk. 10.VdSUA. 34.)
  • Clauson, Sir G. (1972). An etymological dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish. Oxford: Oxford at the Clarendon Press.
  • Copp, P. (2012). “Chinese Religion in the Sui and Tang Dynasties”, ed. Randall L. Nadeau. The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Chinese Religions. New Jersey: Blackwell Publishing: 75-98.
  • Edgerton, F. (1953). Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and Dictionary,c. II: Dictionary. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Erdal, M. (1991). Old Turkic Word Formation. A Functional Approach to the Lexicon.Vol. I-II. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. (Turcologica 7.)
  • Ge, Z. (2013). An Intellectual History of China, Volume One: Knowledge, Thought, and Belief before the Seventh Century CE, (çev. Michael S. Duke ve Josephine Chiu-Duke). Leiden & Boston: Brill. (Brill’s Humanities in China Library. 6)
  • Gharib, B. (1995). Sogdian Dictionary: Sogdian-Persian-English. Tehran: Farhangan.Green, R. S. ve C. Mun (2018). Gyōnen’s Transmission of the Buddha Dharma in Three Countries. Leiden & Boston: Brill. (Numen Book Series. Studies in the History of Religions. 159).
  • Hamar, I. (2014). “Huayan Explorations of the Realm of Reality”, ed. Mario Poceski. The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to East and Inner Asian Buddhism. New Jersey: Blackwell Publishing: 145-165.Japanese-English Buddhist Dictionary (1979). Tōkyō: Daitō Shunppansha.
  • Jorgensen, J. (2004). “Chan School”, ed. Robert E. Buswell. Encyclopedia of Buddhism, Volume One: A-L. Appendix, Index. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, Thomson Gale: 130a-137a.
  • McBride, R. D. (ed.). Hwaŏm I: The Mainstream Tradition. Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism: Kore. (Collected Works of Korean Buddhism. 4)
  • Monier-Williams, M. (1899). A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Poceski, M. (2012). “Chinese Buddhism”, ed. Randall L. Nadeau. The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Chinese Religions. New Jersey: Blackwell Publishing: 197-218.
  • Poceski, M. (2014). “Buddhism in Chinese History”, ed. Mario Poceski. The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to East and Inner Asian Buddhism. New Jersey: Blackwell Publishing: 40-62.
  • Poucha, P. (1955). Institutiones Linguae Tocharicae. Pars I: Thesaurus Linguae Tocharicae Dialecti A.Praha: Statni Pedagogicke Nakladatelstvi. (Monografie Archivu Orientalniho. XV.)
  • Röhrborn, K. (1977-1998). Uigurisches Wörterbuch. Sprachmaterial der vorislamischen türkischen Texte aus Zentralasien, 1-6. Wiesbaden: Steiner.
  • Röhrborn, K. (1991). Die alttürkische Xuanzang-Biographie VII. Nach der Handschrift von Leningrad, Paris und Peking sowie nach dem Transkript von Annemarie von Gabain hrsg., übersetzt und kommentiert.Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. (Xuanzangs Leben und Werk. 3. VdSUA. 34.)
  • Röhrborn, K. (2010). Uigurisches Wörterbuch. Sprachmaterial der vorislamischen türkischen Texte aus Zentralasien, Neubearbeitung. I. Verben. Band. 1: ab- - äzüglä-. Stuttgart: Steiner.
  • Soothill, W. E. ve L. Hodous (1937) A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms: with Sanskrit and English Equivalents and a Sanskrit-Pali Index. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co.
  • Tokyürek, H. (2018). Altun Yaruk Sudur IV. Tegzinç (Karşılaştırmalı Metin Yayını). Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları. (AKDTYK. TDK. 1268. Eski Uygurca Kütüphanesi 8.)
  • Elektronik Kaynaklar DDB = Digital Dictionary of Buddhism, www.buddhism-dict.net (Erişim tarihi: 20.03.2020).
  • Mainz 18: [ön:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/mainz/images/mainz0018_seite1.jpg (Erişim tarihi 20.03.2020) ve [arka:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/mainz/images/mainz0018_seite2.jpg (Erişim tarihi: 20.03.2020)
  • Mainz 758-7 (a fragmanı) (T I D 7): [ön:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/mainz/images/mainz0758_seite1.jpg (Erişim tarihi 20.03.2020) ve [arka:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/mainz/images/mainz0758_seite2.jpg (Erişim tarihi: 20.03.2020)
  • Mainz 769-3 (b fragmanı) (T I D 3): [ön:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/mainz/images/mainz0769_seite1.jpg (Erişim tarihi 20.03.2020) ve [arka:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/mainz/images/mainz0769_seite2.jpg (Erişim tarihi: 20.03.2020)
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Uğur Uzunkaya This is me 0000-0003-4534-9305

Tümer Karaayak This is me 0000-0002-2322-9663

Publication Date December 28, 2020
Submission Date April 21, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 60 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Uzunkaya, U., & Karaayak, T. (2020). Eski Uygurca Buddhāvataṁsaka-sūtra Tefsirine Ait Üç Fragman. Journal of Turkish Language and Literature, 60(2), 761-779. https://doi.org/10.26650/TUDED2020-0022
AMA Uzunkaya U, Karaayak T. Eski Uygurca Buddhāvataṁsaka-sūtra Tefsirine Ait Üç Fragman. Journal of Turkish Language and Literature. December 2020;60(2):761-779. doi:10.26650/TUDED2020-0022
Chicago Uzunkaya, Uğur, and Tümer Karaayak. “Eski Uygurca Buddhāvataṁsaka-sūtra Tefsirine Ait Üç Fragman”. Journal of Turkish Language and Literature 60, no. 2 (December 2020): 761-79. https://doi.org/10.26650/TUDED2020-0022.
EndNote Uzunkaya U, Karaayak T (December 1, 2020) Eski Uygurca Buddhāvataṁsaka-sūtra Tefsirine Ait Üç Fragman. Journal of Turkish Language and Literature 60 2 761–779.
IEEE U. Uzunkaya and T. Karaayak, “Eski Uygurca Buddhāvataṁsaka-sūtra Tefsirine Ait Üç Fragman”, Journal of Turkish Language and Literature, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 761–779, 2020, doi: 10.26650/TUDED2020-0022.
ISNAD Uzunkaya, Uğur - Karaayak, Tümer. “Eski Uygurca Buddhāvataṁsaka-sūtra Tefsirine Ait Üç Fragman”. Journal of Turkish Language and Literature 60/2 (December 2020), 761-779. https://doi.org/10.26650/TUDED2020-0022.
JAMA Uzunkaya U, Karaayak T. Eski Uygurca Buddhāvataṁsaka-sūtra Tefsirine Ait Üç Fragman. Journal of Turkish Language and Literature. 2020;60:761–779.
MLA Uzunkaya, Uğur and Tümer Karaayak. “Eski Uygurca Buddhāvataṁsaka-sūtra Tefsirine Ait Üç Fragman”. Journal of Turkish Language and Literature, vol. 60, no. 2, 2020, pp. 761-79, doi:10.26650/TUDED2020-0022.
Vancouver Uzunkaya U, Karaayak T. Eski Uygurca Buddhāvataṁsaka-sūtra Tefsirine Ait Üç Fragman. Journal of Turkish Language and Literature. 2020;60(2):761-79.