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Year 2014, Volume: 40 Issue: 2, 155 - 161, 22.07.2014

Abstract

INVESTIGATION OF EFFICACY OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (HCG) INSTEAD OF SECOND GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMON INJECTION (GNRH) AT OVSYNCH PROTOCOL IN COWS This study was carried out to determine the efficacy of replacing the second Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) with human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) on pregnancy rate and plasma progesterone level in ovsynch protocol in cows. Thirty-six cows were randomly divided into two treatment groups: OV-GnRH (n=20) and OV-hCG (n=16) groups. All cows were treated with GnRH on day 0 and PGF2α on day 7. On day 9, cows in OV-GnRH group # Bu çalışmanın bir bölümü, V. Ulusal Reprodüksiyon ve Suni Tohumlama Kongresi, 1-4 Ekim 2009, Elazığ’da sözlü bildiri olarak sunulmuştur.Mehmet Köse, Mesut Kırbaş, Bülent Bülbül, Ahmet Oyarwere injected with GnRH while those in OV-hCG group were injected with hCG. Pre-ovulatory follicle sizes (±S.E.M.) were examined by ultrasonography on 9 and 10 days. All cows were inseminated 16-18 h after the last injection. Ovulation and pregnancy examinations were performed by ultrasonography at 24 h and on 30 day after the insemination, respectively. Blood samples were collected on artificial insemination day and then at 5 and 12 days for progesterone assay. Mean pre-ovulatory follicle sizes on last injection and insemination days were determined 1.41±0.06 and 1.53±0.06 cm in OV- GnRH group, 1.56±0.08 and 1.67±0.06 cm in OV-hCG group. Ovulation and pregnancy rates were 90% and 40% for OV-GnRH group and 93.75% and 56.25% for OV-hCG group. Pre-ovulatory follicle sizes and ovulation and pregnancy rates did not differ significantly between groups (P>0.05). It is concluded that hCG can be used instead of the second GnRH injection in ovsynch protocol in cows according to the results obtained from this study.

References

  • Aslan, S., Aslanbas, D., Beindorff, N., Bollwein, H., 20 Effects of induction of ovulation with GnRH or hCG on follicular and luteal blood flow in Holstein-Freesian Heifers. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 46, 7817
  • Ataman, M.B., Erdem, H., Bülbül, B., Ümütlü, S., Çolak, M., 2011. The effect of buserelin injection 12 days after insemination on some reproductive characteristics in cows. Acta Veterinaria Brno 80, 171-177.
  • Bülbül, B., Kırbaş, M., Köse, M., Dursun, Ş., Çolak, M., 2009. İneklerde östrüs siklusunun farklı dönemlerinde başlatılan ovsynch protokolünün östrüs senkronizasyonuna etkileri. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 35, 7-17.
  • Carvalho, N.A.T., Nichi, M., Henriquez, C.E.P., Oliveira, C.A., Baruselli, P.S., 2007. Use of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) for fixed-time artificial insemination in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Animal Reproduction 4, 98
  • De Rensis, F., Valentini, R., Gorrieri, F., Bottarelli, E., Lopez-Gatius, F., 2008a. Inducing ovulation with hCG improves the fertility of dairy cows during the warm season. Theriogenology 69, 1077-1082.
  • De Rensis, F., Botarelli, E., Battioni, F., Capelli, T., Techakumpu, M., Lopez-Gatius, F., 2008b. Reproductive performance of dairy cows with ovarian cysts after synchronizing ovulation using GnRH or hCG during the warm or cool period of the year. Theriogenology 69, 481-4
  • De Rensis, F., López-Gatius, F., García-Ispierto, I., Techakumpu, M., 2010. Clinical use of human chorionic gonadotropin in dairy cows: An update. Theriogenology 73, 1001-1008.
  • De Rensis, F., Marconi, P., Capelli, T., Gatti, F., Facciolongo, F., Franzini, S., Scaramuzzi, R.J., 2002. Fertility in postpartum dairy cows in winter or summer following estrous synchronization and fixed time AI after the induction an LH surge with GnRH or hCG. Theriogenology 58, 1675-1678.
  • Diskin, M.G., Morris, D.G., 2008. Embryonic and early foetal losses in cattle and other ruminants. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 43, 260-267.
  • Diskin, M.G., Murphy, J.J., Sreenan, J.M., 2006. Embryo survival in dairy cows managed under pastoral conditions. Animal Reproduction Science 3-4, 297-311.
  • Diskin, M.G., Sreenan, J.M., 1980. Fertilization and embryonic mortality rates in cattle. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 59, 463-468.
  • Dolezel, R., Cech, S., Zajic, J., Havlicek, V., 2002. Oestrus synchronization by PGF2α and GnRH in intervals according to stage of follicular development at time of initial treatment in cows. Acta Veterinaria Brunensis 71, 101-108.
  • Galvão, K.N., Santos, J.E.P., 2010. Factors affecting synchronization and conception rate after the ovsynch protocol in lactating Holstein Cows. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 45 (3), 439-4
  • Johnson, R., Bennett, W.A., Cuadra, E.J., Njiti, V., Jung, Y., Mason, M., 2010. Roles of hCG in advancing follicular growth to ovulation after concurrent injections of PGF2α and GnRH in postpubertal Holstein Heifers bearing a CL. Veterinary Medicine International 1-7.
  • Kırbaş, M., Çoyan, K., Bülbül, B., Ataman, M., Köse, M., Akman, O., Dursun, Ş., 2008. İnek ve düvelerde luteal aktivitenin ovsynch protokolüne etkisi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 27, 47-52.
  • Köse, M., Tekeli, T., 2006. İneklerde östrüs ve ovulasyonun senkronizasyonunda güncel yaklaşımlar. Hayvancılık Araştırma Dergisi 16, 25Mann, G.E., Fray, M.D., Lamming, G.E., 2006. Effects of time of progesterone supplementation on embryo development and interferon-τ production in the cow. The Veterinary Journal 171, 500-503.
  • Mann, G.E., Lamming, G.E., 2009. The influence of progesterone during early pregnancy in cattle. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 34, 2692
  • McNeill, R.E., Diskin, M.G., Sreenan, J.M., Morris, D.G., 2006. Associations between milk progesterone concentration on different days and with embryo survival during the early luteal phase in dairy cows. Theriogenology 65, 1435-1441.
  • Nishigai, M., Kamomea, H., Tanaka, T., Kaneda, Y., 2002. Improvement of pregnancy rate in Japanesa Black by administration of hCG to recipients of transferred frozen-thawed embryos. Theriogenology 58, 1597-1606.
  • Pursley, J.R., Kosorok, M.R., Wiltbank, M.C., 1997b. Reproductive management of lactating dairy cows using synchronization of ovulation. Journal of Dairy Science 80, 301-306.
  • Pursley, J.R., Silcox, R.W., Wiltbank, M.C., 1998. Effect of time of artificial insemination on pregnancy rates calving rates, pregnancy loss, and gender ratio after synchronization of ovulation in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 81, 2139-2144.
  • Pursley, J.R., Wiltbank, M.C., Stevenson, J.S., Ottobre, J.S., Garverick, H.A., Anderson, L.L., 1997a. Pregnancy rates per artificial insemination for cows and heifers inseminated at a synchronized ovulation or synchronized estrus. Journal of Dairy Science 80, 295-300.
  • Schmitt, E.J., Diaz, T., Drost, M., Thatcher, W.W., 19 Use of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist or human chorionic gonadotropin for timed insemination in cattle. Journal of Animal Science 74, 108410
  • Starbuck, G.R., Gutierrez, C.G., Peters, A.R., Mann, G.E., 2006. Timing of follicular phase events and the postovulatory progesterone rise following synchronisation of oestrus in cows. The Veterinary Journal 172, 103-108.
  • Stronge, A.J.H., Sreenan, J.M., Diskin, M.G., Mee, J.F., Kenny, D.A., Morris, D.G., 2005. Post-insemination milk progesterone concentration and embryo survival in dairycows. Theriogenology 64, 1212-1224.
  • Thatcher, W.W., Bilby, T.R., Bartolome, J.A., Silvestre, F., Staples, C.R., Santos, J.E.P., 200 Strategies for improving fertility in the modern dairy cow. Theriogenology 65 (1), 30 Thatcher, W.W., Moreira, F., Pancarci, S.M., Bartolome, J.A., Santos, J.E.P., 200 Strategies to optimize reproductive efficiency by regulation of ovarian function. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 23, 243-254. Vasconcelos, J.L.M., Silcox, R.W., Rosa, G.J.M., Pursley, J.R., Wiltbank, M.C., 19 Synchronization rate, size of the ovulatory follicle, and pregnancy rate after synchronization of ovulation beginning on different days of the estrous cycle in lactating dairy cows. Theriogenology 52, 1067-1078.
  • Wiltbank, M.C., Sartori, R., Vasconcelos, J.L.M., Nascimento, A.B., Souza, A.H., Cunha, A.P., Keskin, A., Guenther, J.N., Gumen, A., 20 Managing the dominant follicle in lactating dairy cows. Theriogenology 76, 156815

İneklerde Ovsynch Protokolünde İkinci Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormon (GnRH) Enjeksiyonu Yerine Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Kullanımının Etkinliğinin Araştırılması

Year 2014, Volume: 40 Issue: 2, 155 - 161, 22.07.2014

Abstract

ÖZET

Bu çalışma, laktasyondaki ineklerde klasik ovsynch protokolünde ikinci Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormon (GnRH) uygulaması yerine human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) uygulamasının plazma progesteron düzeyi ve gebelik oranı üzerine etkinliğinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapıldı. Çalışmanın başlangıcında 36 baş sağmal inek rastgele iki uygulama grubuna ayrıldı: OV-GnRH (n=20) ve OV-hCG (n=16) grubu. Bütün ineklere 0. gün GnRH ve 7. gün PGF2α enjeksiyonu yapıldı. Dokuzuncu gün OV-GnRH grubundaki ineklere GnRH enjekte edilirken, OV-hCG grubundakilere ikinci GnRH yerine hCG enjekte edildi. Son enjeksiyon (9. gün) ve tohumlama günü preovulatör folliküllerin büyüklükleri 7,5 MHz transrektal prob kullanılarak ultrason ile ölçüldü. Bütün inekler ikinci GnRH ya da hCG enjeksiyonundan 16-18 saat sonra tohumlandı. Plazma progesteron (P4) düzeyinin tespiti için tohumlama günü (ST) ve sonrasındaki 5 ve 12. günlerde heparinize tüplere kan örnekleri toplandı. Tohumlamadan 24 saat sonra ovulasyon, 30 gün sonra ise gebelik kontrolü ultrasonla gerçekleştirildi. Son enjeksiyon ve tohumlama günü yapılan ultrasonografik muayenede pre-ovulatör folliküllerin ortalama büyüklükleri (±S.E.M.) OV-GnRH grubunda 1,41±0,06 ve 1,53±0,06 cm, OV-hCG grubunda ise 1,56±0,08 ve 1,67±0,06 cm olarak belirlendi. Ovulasyon ve gebelik oranları sırasıyla OV-GnRH grubunda %90 ve %40, OV-hCG grubunda ise %93,75 ve %56,25 olarak tespit edildi. Gruplarda pre-ovulatör folliküllerin ortalama büyüklükleri, ovulasyon ve gebelik oranları arasındaki farklar istatistiki açıdan önemli bulunmadı (P>0,05). Sunulan çalışmada elde edilen verilere dayanarak, ineklerde ovsynch protokolünde ikinci GnRH yerine hCG uygulamasının da yapılabileceği kanısına varıldı.

Anahtar Kelimeler: İnek, ovsynch, GnRH, hCG

 

ABSTRACT

 

INVESTIGATION OF EFFICACY OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (HCG) INSTEAD OF SECOND GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMON INJECTION (GNRH) AT OVSYNCH PROTOCOL IN COWS

This study was carried out to determine the efficacy of replacing the second Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) with human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) on pregnancy rate and plasma progesterone level in ovsynch protocol in cows. Thirty-six cows were randomly divided into two treatment groups: OV-GnRH (n=20) and OV-hCG (n=16) groups. All cows were treated with GnRH on day 0 and PGF2α on day 7. On day 9, cows in OV-GnRH group were injected with GnRH while those in OV-hCG group were injected with hCG. Pre-ovulatory follicle sizes (±S.E.M.) were examined by ultrasonography on 9 and 10 days. All cows were inseminated 16-18 h after the last injection. Ovulation and pregnancy examinations were performed by ultrasonography at 24 h and on 30 day after the insemination, respectively. Blood samples were collected on artificial insemination day and then at 5 and 12 days for progesterone assay. Mean pre-ovulatory follicle sizes on last injection and insemination days were determined 1.41±0.06 and 1.53±0.06 cm in OV- GnRH group, 1.56±0.08 and 1.67±0.06 cm in OV-hCG group. Ovulation and pregnancy rates were 90% and 40% for OV-GnRH group and 93.75% and 56.25% for OV-hCG group. Pre-ovulatory follicle sizes and ovulation and pregnancy rates did not differ significantly between groups (P>0.05). It is concluded that hCG can be used instead of the second GnRH injection in ovsynch protocol in cows according to the results obtained from this study.

Key Words: Cow, ovsynch, GnRH, hCG

References

  • Aslan, S., Aslanbas, D., Beindorff, N., Bollwein, H., 20 Effects of induction of ovulation with GnRH or hCG on follicular and luteal blood flow in Holstein-Freesian Heifers. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 46, 7817
  • Ataman, M.B., Erdem, H., Bülbül, B., Ümütlü, S., Çolak, M., 2011. The effect of buserelin injection 12 days after insemination on some reproductive characteristics in cows. Acta Veterinaria Brno 80, 171-177.
  • Bülbül, B., Kırbaş, M., Köse, M., Dursun, Ş., Çolak, M., 2009. İneklerde östrüs siklusunun farklı dönemlerinde başlatılan ovsynch protokolünün östrüs senkronizasyonuna etkileri. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 35, 7-17.
  • Carvalho, N.A.T., Nichi, M., Henriquez, C.E.P., Oliveira, C.A., Baruselli, P.S., 2007. Use of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) for fixed-time artificial insemination in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Animal Reproduction 4, 98
  • De Rensis, F., Valentini, R., Gorrieri, F., Bottarelli, E., Lopez-Gatius, F., 2008a. Inducing ovulation with hCG improves the fertility of dairy cows during the warm season. Theriogenology 69, 1077-1082.
  • De Rensis, F., Botarelli, E., Battioni, F., Capelli, T., Techakumpu, M., Lopez-Gatius, F., 2008b. Reproductive performance of dairy cows with ovarian cysts after synchronizing ovulation using GnRH or hCG during the warm or cool period of the year. Theriogenology 69, 481-4
  • De Rensis, F., López-Gatius, F., García-Ispierto, I., Techakumpu, M., 2010. Clinical use of human chorionic gonadotropin in dairy cows: An update. Theriogenology 73, 1001-1008.
  • De Rensis, F., Marconi, P., Capelli, T., Gatti, F., Facciolongo, F., Franzini, S., Scaramuzzi, R.J., 2002. Fertility in postpartum dairy cows in winter or summer following estrous synchronization and fixed time AI after the induction an LH surge with GnRH or hCG. Theriogenology 58, 1675-1678.
  • Diskin, M.G., Morris, D.G., 2008. Embryonic and early foetal losses in cattle and other ruminants. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 43, 260-267.
  • Diskin, M.G., Murphy, J.J., Sreenan, J.M., 2006. Embryo survival in dairy cows managed under pastoral conditions. Animal Reproduction Science 3-4, 297-311.
  • Diskin, M.G., Sreenan, J.M., 1980. Fertilization and embryonic mortality rates in cattle. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 59, 463-468.
  • Dolezel, R., Cech, S., Zajic, J., Havlicek, V., 2002. Oestrus synchronization by PGF2α and GnRH in intervals according to stage of follicular development at time of initial treatment in cows. Acta Veterinaria Brunensis 71, 101-108.
  • Galvão, K.N., Santos, J.E.P., 2010. Factors affecting synchronization and conception rate after the ovsynch protocol in lactating Holstein Cows. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 45 (3), 439-4
  • Johnson, R., Bennett, W.A., Cuadra, E.J., Njiti, V., Jung, Y., Mason, M., 2010. Roles of hCG in advancing follicular growth to ovulation after concurrent injections of PGF2α and GnRH in postpubertal Holstein Heifers bearing a CL. Veterinary Medicine International 1-7.
  • Kırbaş, M., Çoyan, K., Bülbül, B., Ataman, M., Köse, M., Akman, O., Dursun, Ş., 2008. İnek ve düvelerde luteal aktivitenin ovsynch protokolüne etkisi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 27, 47-52.
  • Köse, M., Tekeli, T., 2006. İneklerde östrüs ve ovulasyonun senkronizasyonunda güncel yaklaşımlar. Hayvancılık Araştırma Dergisi 16, 25Mann, G.E., Fray, M.D., Lamming, G.E., 2006. Effects of time of progesterone supplementation on embryo development and interferon-τ production in the cow. The Veterinary Journal 171, 500-503.
  • Mann, G.E., Lamming, G.E., 2009. The influence of progesterone during early pregnancy in cattle. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 34, 2692
  • McNeill, R.E., Diskin, M.G., Sreenan, J.M., Morris, D.G., 2006. Associations between milk progesterone concentration on different days and with embryo survival during the early luteal phase in dairy cows. Theriogenology 65, 1435-1441.
  • Nishigai, M., Kamomea, H., Tanaka, T., Kaneda, Y., 2002. Improvement of pregnancy rate in Japanesa Black by administration of hCG to recipients of transferred frozen-thawed embryos. Theriogenology 58, 1597-1606.
  • Pursley, J.R., Kosorok, M.R., Wiltbank, M.C., 1997b. Reproductive management of lactating dairy cows using synchronization of ovulation. Journal of Dairy Science 80, 301-306.
  • Pursley, J.R., Silcox, R.W., Wiltbank, M.C., 1998. Effect of time of artificial insemination on pregnancy rates calving rates, pregnancy loss, and gender ratio after synchronization of ovulation in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 81, 2139-2144.
  • Pursley, J.R., Wiltbank, M.C., Stevenson, J.S., Ottobre, J.S., Garverick, H.A., Anderson, L.L., 1997a. Pregnancy rates per artificial insemination for cows and heifers inseminated at a synchronized ovulation or synchronized estrus. Journal of Dairy Science 80, 295-300.
  • Schmitt, E.J., Diaz, T., Drost, M., Thatcher, W.W., 19 Use of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist or human chorionic gonadotropin for timed insemination in cattle. Journal of Animal Science 74, 108410
  • Starbuck, G.R., Gutierrez, C.G., Peters, A.R., Mann, G.E., 2006. Timing of follicular phase events and the postovulatory progesterone rise following synchronisation of oestrus in cows. The Veterinary Journal 172, 103-108.
  • Stronge, A.J.H., Sreenan, J.M., Diskin, M.G., Mee, J.F., Kenny, D.A., Morris, D.G., 2005. Post-insemination milk progesterone concentration and embryo survival in dairycows. Theriogenology 64, 1212-1224.
  • Thatcher, W.W., Bilby, T.R., Bartolome, J.A., Silvestre, F., Staples, C.R., Santos, J.E.P., 200 Strategies for improving fertility in the modern dairy cow. Theriogenology 65 (1), 30 Thatcher, W.W., Moreira, F., Pancarci, S.M., Bartolome, J.A., Santos, J.E.P., 200 Strategies to optimize reproductive efficiency by regulation of ovarian function. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 23, 243-254. Vasconcelos, J.L.M., Silcox, R.W., Rosa, G.J.M., Pursley, J.R., Wiltbank, M.C., 19 Synchronization rate, size of the ovulatory follicle, and pregnancy rate after synchronization of ovulation beginning on different days of the estrous cycle in lactating dairy cows. Theriogenology 52, 1067-1078.
  • Wiltbank, M.C., Sartori, R., Vasconcelos, J.L.M., Nascimento, A.B., Souza, A.H., Cunha, A.P., Keskin, A., Guenther, J.N., Gumen, A., 20 Managing the dominant follicle in lactating dairy cows. Theriogenology 76, 156815
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mehmet Köse

Mesut Kırbaş

Bülent Bülbül This is me

Ahmet Oyar This is me

Publication Date July 22, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 40 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Köse, M., Kırbaş, M., Bülbül, B., Oyar, A. (2014). İneklerde Ovsynch Protokolünde İkinci Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormon (GnRH) Enjeksiyonu Yerine Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Kullanımının Etkinliğinin Araştırılması. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 40(2), 155-161. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.35438
AMA Köse M, Kırbaş M, Bülbül B, Oyar A. İneklerde Ovsynch Protokolünde İkinci Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormon (GnRH) Enjeksiyonu Yerine Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Kullanımının Etkinliğinin Araştırılması. iuvfd. July 2014;40(2):155-161. doi:10.16988/iuvfd.35438
Chicago Köse, Mehmet, Mesut Kırbaş, Bülent Bülbül, and Ahmet Oyar. “İneklerde Ovsynch Protokolünde İkinci Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormon (GnRH) Enjeksiyonu Yerine Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Kullanımının Etkinliğinin Araştırılması”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 40, no. 2 (July 2014): 155-61. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.35438.
EndNote Köse M, Kırbaş M, Bülbül B, Oyar A (July 1, 2014) İneklerde Ovsynch Protokolünde İkinci Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormon (GnRH) Enjeksiyonu Yerine Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Kullanımının Etkinliğinin Araştırılması. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 40 2 155–161.
IEEE M. Köse, M. Kırbaş, B. Bülbül, and A. Oyar, “İneklerde Ovsynch Protokolünde İkinci Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormon (GnRH) Enjeksiyonu Yerine Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Kullanımının Etkinliğinin Araştırılması”, iuvfd, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 155–161, 2014, doi: 10.16988/iuvfd.35438.
ISNAD Köse, Mehmet et al. “İneklerde Ovsynch Protokolünde İkinci Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormon (GnRH) Enjeksiyonu Yerine Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Kullanımının Etkinliğinin Araştırılması”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 40/2 (July 2014), 155-161. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.35438.
JAMA Köse M, Kırbaş M, Bülbül B, Oyar A. İneklerde Ovsynch Protokolünde İkinci Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormon (GnRH) Enjeksiyonu Yerine Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Kullanımının Etkinliğinin Araştırılması. iuvfd. 2014;40:155–161.
MLA Köse, Mehmet et al. “İneklerde Ovsynch Protokolünde İkinci Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormon (GnRH) Enjeksiyonu Yerine Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Kullanımının Etkinliğinin Araştırılması”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 40, no. 2, 2014, pp. 155-61, doi:10.16988/iuvfd.35438.
Vancouver Köse M, Kırbaş M, Bülbül B, Oyar A. İneklerde Ovsynch Protokolünde İkinci Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormon (GnRH) Enjeksiyonu Yerine Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Kullanımının Etkinliğinin Araştırılması. iuvfd. 2014;40(2):155-61.