Research Article
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A comparative study among destination websites; example of France and Türkiye

Year 2022, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 20 - 32, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.34231/iuyd.1106970

Abstract

While developments in information and communication technologies digitalize the tourism sector, they also direct consumers in search of travel to electronic environments. Social media platforms, online search engines and destination websites are among the primary sources of information in the holiday purchasing decision process. In this context, it is thought that the official websites of the countries are also important in terms of touristic demand to the country. In this study, the official websites of France and Turkey were evaluated with content analysis and compared based on the literature. As a result of the study, when both websites are compared, it has been determined that they are rich in terms of information and visuality, while they are weak in terms of communication and transaction size.

References

  • Alwahaishi, S., Snášel, V., & Nehari-Talet, A. (2009). Website evaluation an empirical study of arabian gulf airlines. International Journal of Information, 1(3), 213.
  • Apostolou, G., & Economides, A. A. (2008). Airlines websites evaluation around the world. In World Summit on Knowledge Society (pp. 611-617). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
  • Argyropoulou, A., Dionyssopoulou, P. & Miaoulis, G. (2011). Tourist destination marketing and management using advanced ICTs technologies in IC- INFO 2011, Proceedings of the International Conference on Integrated Information, 365-369, Kos, Greece:
  • Asmadili M, & Yüksek G (2018). Konaklama işletmelerinin web sayfa tasarımlarının pazarlama uygulamaları açısından incelenmesi: Eskişehir örneği. Türk Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(1), 15- 26.
  • Ateş, U. & Boz, M. (2015). Konaklama işletmelerinin web sitelerinin değerlendirilmesi: Çanakkale örneği. Ekonomi İşletme Siyaset ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 1(1), 63-84
  • Aymankuy, Y., Soydaş, M. E. & Saçlı, Ç. (2013). Sosyal medya kullanımının turistlerin tatil kararlarına etkisi: Akademik personel üzerinde bir uygulama, International Journal of Human Sciences 10 (1), 376-397
  • Bayram, M. & Yaylı, A. (2009). Otel web sitelerinin içerik analizi yöntemiyle değerlendirilmesi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8 (27), 347-37
  • Beirman, D. (2020). Restoring Tourism Destinations in Crisis: A Strategic Marketing Approach. New York, Roudledge.
  • Bohur, E & Eryilmaz Kirali, A. (2015). Impact of globalızatıon and technology on marketıng actıvıtıes and sales channels ın the tourısm ındustry. Pressacademia Procedia, 1 (1), 81-93.
  • Buhalis, D. (2000). Marketing the competitive destination of the future. Tourism Management, 21, 97-116.
  • Burgess, L.; Sargent, J. P.; Cooper, J. & Y Cerpa, N. (2005). A comparative analysis of the use of the web for destination marketing by regional tourism organisations in Chile and the Asia Pacific. Collaborative Electronic Commerce Technology and Research. Chile: Universidad de Talca.
  • Çubukçu, M. İ. (2010). Konaklama işletmeleri web site içeriklerinin değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Internet Applications and Management, 1 (1), 39-59
  • Durmaz, Y., & Efendioğlu, I. H. (2016). Travel from traditional marketing to digital marketing. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 16(2), 35-40.
  • Femenia-Serra, F., Neuhofer, B. & Ivars-Baidal, J. A. (2019). Towards a conceptualisation of smart tourists and their role within the smart destination scenario. The Service Industries Journal, 39(2), 109-133.
  • Güreş, N., Arslan, S., & Yalçın, R. (2013). Türk havayolu işletmelerinin web sitelerinin değerlendirilmesine yönelik bir araştırma. Niğde Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 173-185.
  • Han, J. H., & Mills, J. E. (2006). Zero acquaintance benchmarking at travel destination websites: What is the first impression that national tourism organizations try to make? International Journal of Tourism Research, 8(6), 405–430.
  • Islam, E., B., S. & Nevenka, C, (2016). Evaluation of hotel website contents: existence-importance analysis. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 7(4)
  • İnce, İ, & Doğantan, E. (2020). Otel yöneticileri perspektifinden dijital pazarlama. Anadolu Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 2 (1), 13-26
  • Jeong, M., Oh, H. & Gregoire, M. (2003). Conceptualizing web site quality and its consequences in the lodging industry, Hospitality Management, 22, 161-175.
  • Karamustafa, K., Biçkes, D. M. & Ulama, Ş. (2002). Türkiye’deki konaklama işletmelerinin internet web sitelerini değerlendirmeye yönelik bir çalışma. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 19, 51-92.
  • Kerlinger, F. N. (1986). Foundations of behavioural research. 3 rd Edition. New York.
  • Kutlu, D. (2020). Antalya A grubu seyahat acentalarının web sitelerinin değerlendirilmesi. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD), 12(23), 407-418.
  • Law, R. & Hsu, C. H. (2006). Importance of hotel website dimensions and attributes: Perceptions of online browsers and online purchasers. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 30(3), 295-312
  • Lee, G., Cai, L.A., & O'Leary, J.T. (2006). WWW.Branding.states.US:An analysis of brand-building elements in the US state tourism websites. Tourism Management, 27, 815-828.
  • Li, SCH., Robinson, P., & Oriade, A. (2017) 'Destination marketing: The use of technology since the millennium', Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 6 (2), 95-102
  • Li, X., & Wang, Y. (2010). Evaluating the effectiveness of destination marketing organizations’ websites: Evidence from China. International Journal of Tourism Research, 12(5), 536–549.
  • Lončarić, D., Bašan, L, & Gligora Markovic, M. (2013). Importance of dmo websıtes ın tourıst destınatıon Selectıon. 23rd CROMAR Congress, Congress Proceedings Marketing İn A Dynamic Envinronment – Academic And Practical Insights. 373-385
  • Luna-Nevarez, C. & Hyman, M. R. (2012). Common practices in destination website design. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 1.1-2 94–106.
  • Mariani, M. (2020). Web 2.0 and destination marketing: current trends and future directions. Sustainability, 12(9), 1-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093771
  • Minde, M., & Jani, D. (2015). A comparative analysis of East African destination marketing organizations’ websites. International Journal of Tourism Sciences, 5(1), 31-53.
  • Park, C. (2002). A content analysis of travel agency web‐sites in Korea. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 7(1), 11-18.
  • Park, Y. A., & Gretzel, U. (2007). Success factors for destination marketingweb sites: A qualitative meta-analysis. Journal of Travel Research, 46(1), 46–63.
  • Park, Y. A., Gretzel, U., & Sirakaya-Turk, E. (2007). Measuring web site quality for online travel agencies. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 23(1), 15-30.
  • Pike, S., & Page, S.(2014). Destination marketing organizations and destination marketing: A narrative analysis of the literature. Tourism Management, 41: 202-227.
  • Pırnar, İ. (2005). Turizm endüstrisinde e-ticaret, Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1(29), 28-55.
  • Ranganathan, C. & Ganapathy, S. (2002). Key dimensions of business-to-consumer web sites. Information & Management, 39(6), 457-465
  • Riera, R. (2021) The year of tourism’s digital revolution. Goodrebels. https://www.goodrebels.com/new-management-models-destination-marketing/. Erişim: 4.6.2021
  • Roney, S. A., & Özturan, M. (2006). A content analysis of the web sites of Turkish travel agencies. Anatolia, 17(1), 43-54.
  • Salem, I. E. B. & Čavlek, N. (2016). Evaluation of hotel website contents: existence-importance analysis. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 7(4), 366-389
  • Soydaş, M. E. (2021) Social Media Marketing in Tourism Industry, İrfan Yazıcıoğlu, Özgür Yayla, Alper Işın (Ed.). Dynamics of International Tourism:Contemporary Issues and Problems, İçinde (s.345-360). Berlin: Peter Lang.
  • Soydaş, M. E., Avcıkurt, C., & Haşıloğlı, S. B. (2017). Türkiye’deki helal konseptli otellerin web sayfalarının helal konsept özellikleri yönünden incelenmesi. Türk & İslam Dünyası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 4(12), 334-350.
  • Söylemez, E., & Eryılmaz, G. (2021). Avrupa birliği ülkelerine ait olan havayolu işletmelerinin web sitelerinin değerlendirilmesine yönelik bir araştırma. Journal Of Hospitality And Tourism Issues, 3(2), 89-103.
  • Tağ Kalafatoğlu, Ş. (2015). Kadın katılımcıların sanal topluluklardaki deneyimleri: çevrimiçi bir hamilelik topluluğu, Global Media Journal, 6 (11) 385-414
  • UNWTO.org. (2020) International tourism highlights, https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/epdf/ 10.18111/9789284422456 (erişim:21.05.2021)
  • Xiang, Z., & Gretzel. U. (2010). Role of social media in online travel information search. Tourism Management, 31(2): 179-188.
  • Yaylı, A. & Bayram, M. (2010). Web-based destination marketing: Do official city culture and tourism website' in Turkey consider international guidelines? Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal. 58(1), 51-60.
  • Zhou, Q., & DeSantis, R. (2005). Usability issues in city tourism website design: A content analysis. IEEE International Professional Communication Conference Proceedings, 789-796).

Destinasyon Web Siteleri Arasında Karşılaştırmalı Bir Çalışma; Fransa ve Türkiye Örneği

Year 2022, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 20 - 32, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.34231/iuyd.1106970

Abstract

Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler turizm sektörünü dijitalleştirirken, tatil arayışındaki tüketicileri de elektronik ortamlara yöneltmektedir. Tatil satın alma karar sürecinde sosyal medya platformları, çevrim içi arama motorları ve destinasyonlara ilişkin web siteleri öncelikli bilgi kaynakları arasında yer almaktadır. Bu bağlamda ülkelerin resmi web sitelerinin de ülkeye olan turistik talep açısından önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada Fransa ve Türkiye resmi web siteleri içerik analizi ile kıyaslanarak literatüre dayalı yorumlanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda her iki web sitesi kıyaslandığında bilgi ve görsellik boyutu yönünden zengin oldukları, bunu yanında iletişim ve işlem boyutu yönünden zayıf kaldıkları tespit edilmiştir.

References

  • Alwahaishi, S., Snášel, V., & Nehari-Talet, A. (2009). Website evaluation an empirical study of arabian gulf airlines. International Journal of Information, 1(3), 213.
  • Apostolou, G., & Economides, A. A. (2008). Airlines websites evaluation around the world. In World Summit on Knowledge Society (pp. 611-617). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
  • Argyropoulou, A., Dionyssopoulou, P. & Miaoulis, G. (2011). Tourist destination marketing and management using advanced ICTs technologies in IC- INFO 2011, Proceedings of the International Conference on Integrated Information, 365-369, Kos, Greece:
  • Asmadili M, & Yüksek G (2018). Konaklama işletmelerinin web sayfa tasarımlarının pazarlama uygulamaları açısından incelenmesi: Eskişehir örneği. Türk Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(1), 15- 26.
  • Ateş, U. & Boz, M. (2015). Konaklama işletmelerinin web sitelerinin değerlendirilmesi: Çanakkale örneği. Ekonomi İşletme Siyaset ve Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 1(1), 63-84
  • Aymankuy, Y., Soydaş, M. E. & Saçlı, Ç. (2013). Sosyal medya kullanımının turistlerin tatil kararlarına etkisi: Akademik personel üzerinde bir uygulama, International Journal of Human Sciences 10 (1), 376-397
  • Bayram, M. & Yaylı, A. (2009). Otel web sitelerinin içerik analizi yöntemiyle değerlendirilmesi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8 (27), 347-37
  • Beirman, D. (2020). Restoring Tourism Destinations in Crisis: A Strategic Marketing Approach. New York, Roudledge.
  • Bohur, E & Eryilmaz Kirali, A. (2015). Impact of globalızatıon and technology on marketıng actıvıtıes and sales channels ın the tourısm ındustry. Pressacademia Procedia, 1 (1), 81-93.
  • Buhalis, D. (2000). Marketing the competitive destination of the future. Tourism Management, 21, 97-116.
  • Burgess, L.; Sargent, J. P.; Cooper, J. & Y Cerpa, N. (2005). A comparative analysis of the use of the web for destination marketing by regional tourism organisations in Chile and the Asia Pacific. Collaborative Electronic Commerce Technology and Research. Chile: Universidad de Talca.
  • Çubukçu, M. İ. (2010). Konaklama işletmeleri web site içeriklerinin değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Internet Applications and Management, 1 (1), 39-59
  • Durmaz, Y., & Efendioğlu, I. H. (2016). Travel from traditional marketing to digital marketing. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 16(2), 35-40.
  • Femenia-Serra, F., Neuhofer, B. & Ivars-Baidal, J. A. (2019). Towards a conceptualisation of smart tourists and their role within the smart destination scenario. The Service Industries Journal, 39(2), 109-133.
  • Güreş, N., Arslan, S., & Yalçın, R. (2013). Türk havayolu işletmelerinin web sitelerinin değerlendirilmesine yönelik bir araştırma. Niğde Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 173-185.
  • Han, J. H., & Mills, J. E. (2006). Zero acquaintance benchmarking at travel destination websites: What is the first impression that national tourism organizations try to make? International Journal of Tourism Research, 8(6), 405–430.
  • Islam, E., B., S. & Nevenka, C, (2016). Evaluation of hotel website contents: existence-importance analysis. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 7(4)
  • İnce, İ, & Doğantan, E. (2020). Otel yöneticileri perspektifinden dijital pazarlama. Anadolu Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 2 (1), 13-26
  • Jeong, M., Oh, H. & Gregoire, M. (2003). Conceptualizing web site quality and its consequences in the lodging industry, Hospitality Management, 22, 161-175.
  • Karamustafa, K., Biçkes, D. M. & Ulama, Ş. (2002). Türkiye’deki konaklama işletmelerinin internet web sitelerini değerlendirmeye yönelik bir çalışma. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 19, 51-92.
  • Kerlinger, F. N. (1986). Foundations of behavioural research. 3 rd Edition. New York.
  • Kutlu, D. (2020). Antalya A grubu seyahat acentalarının web sitelerinin değerlendirilmesi. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD), 12(23), 407-418.
  • Law, R. & Hsu, C. H. (2006). Importance of hotel website dimensions and attributes: Perceptions of online browsers and online purchasers. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 30(3), 295-312
  • Lee, G., Cai, L.A., & O'Leary, J.T. (2006). WWW.Branding.states.US:An analysis of brand-building elements in the US state tourism websites. Tourism Management, 27, 815-828.
  • Li, SCH., Robinson, P., & Oriade, A. (2017) 'Destination marketing: The use of technology since the millennium', Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 6 (2), 95-102
  • Li, X., & Wang, Y. (2010). Evaluating the effectiveness of destination marketing organizations’ websites: Evidence from China. International Journal of Tourism Research, 12(5), 536–549.
  • Lončarić, D., Bašan, L, & Gligora Markovic, M. (2013). Importance of dmo websıtes ın tourıst destınatıon Selectıon. 23rd CROMAR Congress, Congress Proceedings Marketing İn A Dynamic Envinronment – Academic And Practical Insights. 373-385
  • Luna-Nevarez, C. & Hyman, M. R. (2012). Common practices in destination website design. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 1.1-2 94–106.
  • Mariani, M. (2020). Web 2.0 and destination marketing: current trends and future directions. Sustainability, 12(9), 1-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093771
  • Minde, M., & Jani, D. (2015). A comparative analysis of East African destination marketing organizations’ websites. International Journal of Tourism Sciences, 5(1), 31-53.
  • Park, C. (2002). A content analysis of travel agency web‐sites in Korea. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 7(1), 11-18.
  • Park, Y. A., & Gretzel, U. (2007). Success factors for destination marketingweb sites: A qualitative meta-analysis. Journal of Travel Research, 46(1), 46–63.
  • Park, Y. A., Gretzel, U., & Sirakaya-Turk, E. (2007). Measuring web site quality for online travel agencies. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 23(1), 15-30.
  • Pike, S., & Page, S.(2014). Destination marketing organizations and destination marketing: A narrative analysis of the literature. Tourism Management, 41: 202-227.
  • Pırnar, İ. (2005). Turizm endüstrisinde e-ticaret, Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 1(29), 28-55.
  • Ranganathan, C. & Ganapathy, S. (2002). Key dimensions of business-to-consumer web sites. Information & Management, 39(6), 457-465
  • Riera, R. (2021) The year of tourism’s digital revolution. Goodrebels. https://www.goodrebels.com/new-management-models-destination-marketing/. Erişim: 4.6.2021
  • Roney, S. A., & Özturan, M. (2006). A content analysis of the web sites of Turkish travel agencies. Anatolia, 17(1), 43-54.
  • Salem, I. E. B. & Čavlek, N. (2016). Evaluation of hotel website contents: existence-importance analysis. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 7(4), 366-389
  • Soydaş, M. E. (2021) Social Media Marketing in Tourism Industry, İrfan Yazıcıoğlu, Özgür Yayla, Alper Işın (Ed.). Dynamics of International Tourism:Contemporary Issues and Problems, İçinde (s.345-360). Berlin: Peter Lang.
  • Soydaş, M. E., Avcıkurt, C., & Haşıloğlı, S. B. (2017). Türkiye’deki helal konseptli otellerin web sayfalarının helal konsept özellikleri yönünden incelenmesi. Türk & İslam Dünyası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 4(12), 334-350.
  • Söylemez, E., & Eryılmaz, G. (2021). Avrupa birliği ülkelerine ait olan havayolu işletmelerinin web sitelerinin değerlendirilmesine yönelik bir araştırma. Journal Of Hospitality And Tourism Issues, 3(2), 89-103.
  • Tağ Kalafatoğlu, Ş. (2015). Kadın katılımcıların sanal topluluklardaki deneyimleri: çevrimiçi bir hamilelik topluluğu, Global Media Journal, 6 (11) 385-414
  • UNWTO.org. (2020) International tourism highlights, https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/epdf/ 10.18111/9789284422456 (erişim:21.05.2021)
  • Xiang, Z., & Gretzel. U. (2010). Role of social media in online travel information search. Tourism Management, 31(2): 179-188.
  • Yaylı, A. & Bayram, M. (2010). Web-based destination marketing: Do official city culture and tourism website' in Turkey consider international guidelines? Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal. 58(1), 51-60.
  • Zhou, Q., & DeSantis, R. (2005). Usability issues in city tourism website design: A content analysis. IEEE International Professional Communication Conference Proceedings, 789-796).
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Muhammet Emin Soydaş 0000-0002-3584-7303

Mouhamed Thıam This is me

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 13 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Soydaş, M. E., & Thıam, M. (2022). Destinasyon Web Siteleri Arasında Karşılaştırmalı Bir Çalışma; Fransa ve Türkiye Örneği. İnternet Uygulamaları Ve Yönetimi Dergisi, 13(1), 20-32. https://doi.org/10.34231/iuyd.1106970