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Determinants Of Occupational Injuries In Pakistan: Evidence From Pakistan Labor Force Survey

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 28 - 40, 31.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.56203/iyd.1614195

Abstract

Present study intends to find out the factors responsible for work related injuries in Pakistan by employing Pakistan Labor force Survey 2017-18. Occupational injuries have been taken as dependent variable whereas independent variables include various socio-demographic characteristics of workers such as gender, age, marital status, province, region, level of education and hours worked. Results of logistics regression analysis concluded that incidence of work-related injuries is higher among those who are either illiterate or have low level of education. Workers who work more than 35hours per week have higher likelihood of being injured at workplace. This study suggested to raise workers level of education in order increase awareness regarding safety standards and workers working hours must be reduced up to 35hours per week.

References

  • Adane, M. M., Gelaye, K. A., Beyera, G. K., Sharma, H. R., & Yalew, W. W. (2013). Occupational Injuries Among Building Construction Workers in Gondar City, Ethiopia, Occupational Medicine and Health Affairs, 1(125), 2.
  • Aderson, X., Smith, J., & Lee, M. (2021). The Impact of Fear and Knowledge Deficit on Occupational Injuries, Journal of Workplace Health and Safety, 49(3), 201–215.
  • Ali, F., Khan, S. Z., Ullah, N., Khaliq, A., & Haq, Z. U. (2018). Hand Injuries and Its Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Industrial Workers at Hayatabad, Peshawar. In Injury Prevention, 24, A208–A208. British Medical Association House, Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9JR, England: BMJ Publishing Group.
  • Amirul, S. R., Härtel, C. E., Jones, S., Mail, R., & Amirul, S. M. (2023). Government Incentives: The Role of Human Resource in Delivering Flexible Organizational Working Strategies in Singapore, International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting, 31(2), 369–395.
  • Aderaw, Z., Engdaw, D., & Tadesse, T. (2011). Determinants of Occupational Injury: A Case Control Study among Textile Factory Workers in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, Journal of Tropical Medicine, 657275.
  • Berdahl, T. A. (2008). Racial/Ethnic and Gender Differences in Individual Workplace Injury Risk Trajectories: 1988–1998, American Journal of Public Health, 98(12), 2258–2263.
  • Berecki-Gisolf, J., Tawatsupa, B., McClure, R., Seubsman, S., & Sleigh, A. (2013). Determinants of Workplace Injury Among Thai Cohort Study Participants, BMJ Open, 3(7), 1–9.
  • Bhattacherjee, A., Chau, N., Sierra, C. O., Legras, B., Benamghar, L., Michaely, J. P., & Group, L. (2003). Relationships of Job and Some Individual Characteristics to Occupational Injuries in Employed People: A Community-Based Study, Journal of Occupational Health, 45(6), 382–391.
  • Ephraim, P., Stephens, J. K., Myers-Hansen, G. A., Otwey, R. Y., Amon, S., Kporxah, M. K., & Abaka-Yawson, A. (2021). Prevalence and Determinants of Occupational Injuries Among Solid Waste Collectors of Zoomlion Ghana Limited, Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2021, 6914529. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6914529
  • Fan, J., McLeod, C. B., & Koehoorn, M. (2012). Descriptive Epidemiology of Serious Work-Related Injuries in British Columbia, Canada, PLoS One, 7(6), e38750.
  • Farhad, K., Ullah, S., & Ali, F. (2018). Factors Influencing Hand Injuries in Industrial Workers in Peshawar, Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 24(2), 215–225.
  • Garg, R., Cheung, J. P., Fung, B. K., & Ip, W. Y. (2012). Epidemiology of Occupational Hand Injury in Hong Kong, Hong Kong Medical Journal.
  • Gholipour, C., Vahdati, S. S., Ghaffarzade, E., & Zonouzy, K. K. (2015). Characteristics of Fatal Occupational Traumatic Injuries: Drama in East Azerbaijan Province of Iran, Bulletin of Emergency & Trauma, 3(1), 27.
  • Hafeez, H., Abdullah, M. I., Riaz, A., & Shafique, I. (2020). Prevention of Occupational Injuries and Accidents: A Social Capital Perspective, Nursing Inquiry, 27(4), e12354.
  • Hira, R., Patel, M., & Chaudhry, A. (2020). Occupational Health and Safety in the Healthcare Sector in Pakistan, Journal of Occupational Health, 62(4), 301–309.
  • Hon, C. K., Chan, A. P., & Yam, M. C. (2013). Determining Safety Climate Factors in the Repair, Maintenance, Minor Alteration, and Addition Sector of Hong Kong, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 139(5), 519–528.
  • International Labor Organization. (2023). Improving the Safety and Health of Young Workers. Geneva, Switzerland.
  • International Labor Organization. (2024). Ensuring Safety and Health at Work in a Changing Climate. Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Islam, S. S., Velilla, A. M., Doyle, E. J., & Ducatman, A. M. (2001). Gender Differences in Work-Related Injury/Illness: Analysis of Workers Compensation Claims, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 39(1), 84–91.
  • Jung, S., Kim, T. K., Kim, Y. J., Kim, Y. K., Kang, D., & Kim, S. Y. (2023). Epidemiology of Occupational Injuries in Construction Workers Between 2009 and 2018 in South Korea, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 66(2), 155–166.
  • Kharel, U. (2016). The Global Epidemic of Occupational Injuries: Counts, Costs, and Compensation. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
  • Kyung, M., Lee, S. J., Dancu, C., & Hong, O. (2023). Underreporting of Workers’ Injuries or Illnesses and Contributing Factors: A Systematic Review, BMC Public Health, 23(1), 558.
  • Lee, S. J., Kyung, M., Leung, C., & Hong, O. (2021). Gender Differences in Experience and Reporting of Acute Symptoms Among Cleaning Staff, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 64(6), 528–539.
  • Malta, G., Matera, S., Plescia, F., Calascibetta, A., Argo, A., & Cannizzaro, E. (2024). Occupational Accidents and the Use of PPE: A Global Meta-Analysis, Frontiers in Public Health, 12, 1368991.
  • Malik, N., Maan, A. A., Pasha, T. S., Akhtar, S., & Ali, T. (2010). Role of Hazard Control Measures in Occupational Health and Safety in the Textile Industry of Pakistan, Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 47(1), 72–76.
  • Mezentseva, I., Vambol, S., Kuzmenko, O., & Osmanova, O. (2024). Problems of Occupational Injuries and Ways of Its Reduction on Example of Ukraine, Diversity: Disease Preventive of Research Integrity, 54–62.
  • Noman, M., Mujahid, N., & Fatima, A. (2021). The Assessment of Occupational Injuries of Workers (OIW) in Pakistan, Safety and Health at Work, 12(1), 97–105.
  • Nuarko, J. K. (2022). Determinants Of Occupational Injuries Among Workers At The University Of Ghana Health Services (PhD thesis). University of Ghana.
  • Obi, A. N., Azuhairi, A., & Huda, B. (2017). Factors Associated with Work Related Injuries Among Workers of an Industry in Malaysia, International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences, 4(3), 97–108.
  • Oña, A., et al. (2024). Occupational Injuries and Their Sociodemographic, Workplace, and Behavioral Determinants Among Large-Scale Factory Workers in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study, Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 40(8).
  • Serkalem, S., Haimanot, G. M., & Ansha, N. A. (2014). Determinants of Occupational Injury in Kombolcha Textile Factory, North-East Ethiopia, The International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 5(2), 84.
  • Simiyu, S. W., & Cholo, W. (2017). Determinants of Occupational Injuries Among Metal Workers in Kamukunji Jua Kali Market, Nairobi, International Journal of Medical Research, 2(3), 21–27.
  • Uddin, M., Ali, K., & Khan, M. A. (2020). Impact of Perceived Family Support, Workplace Support, and Work-Life Balance Policies on Work-Life Balance Among Female Bankers in Bangladesh, International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting, 28(1), 97–122.

Pakistan'da Mesleki Yaralanmaların Belirleyicileri: Pakistan İşgücü Anketinden Kanıtlar

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 28 - 40, 31.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.56203/iyd.1614195

Abstract

Present study intends to find out the factors responsible for work related injuries in Pakistan by employing Pakistan Labor force Survey 2017-18. Occupational injuries have been taken as dependent variable whereas independent variables include various socio-demographic characteristics of workers such as gender, age, marital status, province, region, level of education and hours worked. Results of logistics regression analysis concluded that incidence of work-related injuries is higher among those who are either illiterate or have low level of education. Workers who work more than 35hours per week have higher likelihood of being injured at workplace. This study suggested to raise workers level of education in order increase awareness regarding safety standards and workers working hours must be reduced up to 35hours per week.

References

  • Adane, M. M., Gelaye, K. A., Beyera, G. K., Sharma, H. R., & Yalew, W. W. (2013). Occupational Injuries Among Building Construction Workers in Gondar City, Ethiopia, Occupational Medicine and Health Affairs, 1(125), 2.
  • Aderson, X., Smith, J., & Lee, M. (2021). The Impact of Fear and Knowledge Deficit on Occupational Injuries, Journal of Workplace Health and Safety, 49(3), 201–215.
  • Ali, F., Khan, S. Z., Ullah, N., Khaliq, A., & Haq, Z. U. (2018). Hand Injuries and Its Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Industrial Workers at Hayatabad, Peshawar. In Injury Prevention, 24, A208–A208. British Medical Association House, Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9JR, England: BMJ Publishing Group.
  • Amirul, S. R., Härtel, C. E., Jones, S., Mail, R., & Amirul, S. M. (2023). Government Incentives: The Role of Human Resource in Delivering Flexible Organizational Working Strategies in Singapore, International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting, 31(2), 369–395.
  • Aderaw, Z., Engdaw, D., & Tadesse, T. (2011). Determinants of Occupational Injury: A Case Control Study among Textile Factory Workers in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, Journal of Tropical Medicine, 657275.
  • Berdahl, T. A. (2008). Racial/Ethnic and Gender Differences in Individual Workplace Injury Risk Trajectories: 1988–1998, American Journal of Public Health, 98(12), 2258–2263.
  • Berecki-Gisolf, J., Tawatsupa, B., McClure, R., Seubsman, S., & Sleigh, A. (2013). Determinants of Workplace Injury Among Thai Cohort Study Participants, BMJ Open, 3(7), 1–9.
  • Bhattacherjee, A., Chau, N., Sierra, C. O., Legras, B., Benamghar, L., Michaely, J. P., & Group, L. (2003). Relationships of Job and Some Individual Characteristics to Occupational Injuries in Employed People: A Community-Based Study, Journal of Occupational Health, 45(6), 382–391.
  • Ephraim, P., Stephens, J. K., Myers-Hansen, G. A., Otwey, R. Y., Amon, S., Kporxah, M. K., & Abaka-Yawson, A. (2021). Prevalence and Determinants of Occupational Injuries Among Solid Waste Collectors of Zoomlion Ghana Limited, Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2021, 6914529. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6914529
  • Fan, J., McLeod, C. B., & Koehoorn, M. (2012). Descriptive Epidemiology of Serious Work-Related Injuries in British Columbia, Canada, PLoS One, 7(6), e38750.
  • Farhad, K., Ullah, S., & Ali, F. (2018). Factors Influencing Hand Injuries in Industrial Workers in Peshawar, Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 24(2), 215–225.
  • Garg, R., Cheung, J. P., Fung, B. K., & Ip, W. Y. (2012). Epidemiology of Occupational Hand Injury in Hong Kong, Hong Kong Medical Journal.
  • Gholipour, C., Vahdati, S. S., Ghaffarzade, E., & Zonouzy, K. K. (2015). Characteristics of Fatal Occupational Traumatic Injuries: Drama in East Azerbaijan Province of Iran, Bulletin of Emergency & Trauma, 3(1), 27.
  • Hafeez, H., Abdullah, M. I., Riaz, A., & Shafique, I. (2020). Prevention of Occupational Injuries and Accidents: A Social Capital Perspective, Nursing Inquiry, 27(4), e12354.
  • Hira, R., Patel, M., & Chaudhry, A. (2020). Occupational Health and Safety in the Healthcare Sector in Pakistan, Journal of Occupational Health, 62(4), 301–309.
  • Hon, C. K., Chan, A. P., & Yam, M. C. (2013). Determining Safety Climate Factors in the Repair, Maintenance, Minor Alteration, and Addition Sector of Hong Kong, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 139(5), 519–528.
  • International Labor Organization. (2023). Improving the Safety and Health of Young Workers. Geneva, Switzerland.
  • International Labor Organization. (2024). Ensuring Safety and Health at Work in a Changing Climate. Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Islam, S. S., Velilla, A. M., Doyle, E. J., & Ducatman, A. M. (2001). Gender Differences in Work-Related Injury/Illness: Analysis of Workers Compensation Claims, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 39(1), 84–91.
  • Jung, S., Kim, T. K., Kim, Y. J., Kim, Y. K., Kang, D., & Kim, S. Y. (2023). Epidemiology of Occupational Injuries in Construction Workers Between 2009 and 2018 in South Korea, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 66(2), 155–166.
  • Kharel, U. (2016). The Global Epidemic of Occupational Injuries: Counts, Costs, and Compensation. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation.
  • Kyung, M., Lee, S. J., Dancu, C., & Hong, O. (2023). Underreporting of Workers’ Injuries or Illnesses and Contributing Factors: A Systematic Review, BMC Public Health, 23(1), 558.
  • Lee, S. J., Kyung, M., Leung, C., & Hong, O. (2021). Gender Differences in Experience and Reporting of Acute Symptoms Among Cleaning Staff, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 64(6), 528–539.
  • Malta, G., Matera, S., Plescia, F., Calascibetta, A., Argo, A., & Cannizzaro, E. (2024). Occupational Accidents and the Use of PPE: A Global Meta-Analysis, Frontiers in Public Health, 12, 1368991.
  • Malik, N., Maan, A. A., Pasha, T. S., Akhtar, S., & Ali, T. (2010). Role of Hazard Control Measures in Occupational Health and Safety in the Textile Industry of Pakistan, Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 47(1), 72–76.
  • Mezentseva, I., Vambol, S., Kuzmenko, O., & Osmanova, O. (2024). Problems of Occupational Injuries and Ways of Its Reduction on Example of Ukraine, Diversity: Disease Preventive of Research Integrity, 54–62.
  • Noman, M., Mujahid, N., & Fatima, A. (2021). The Assessment of Occupational Injuries of Workers (OIW) in Pakistan, Safety and Health at Work, 12(1), 97–105.
  • Nuarko, J. K. (2022). Determinants Of Occupational Injuries Among Workers At The University Of Ghana Health Services (PhD thesis). University of Ghana.
  • Obi, A. N., Azuhairi, A., & Huda, B. (2017). Factors Associated with Work Related Injuries Among Workers of an Industry in Malaysia, International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences, 4(3), 97–108.
  • Oña, A., et al. (2024). Occupational Injuries and Their Sociodemographic, Workplace, and Behavioral Determinants Among Large-Scale Factory Workers in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study, Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 40(8).
  • Serkalem, S., Haimanot, G. M., & Ansha, N. A. (2014). Determinants of Occupational Injury in Kombolcha Textile Factory, North-East Ethiopia, The International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 5(2), 84.
  • Simiyu, S. W., & Cholo, W. (2017). Determinants of Occupational Injuries Among Metal Workers in Kamukunji Jua Kali Market, Nairobi, International Journal of Medical Research, 2(3), 21–27.
  • Uddin, M., Ali, K., & Khan, M. A. (2020). Impact of Perceived Family Support, Workplace Support, and Work-Life Balance Policies on Work-Life Balance Among Female Bankers in Bangladesh, International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting, 28(1), 97–122.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Organisational Behaviour
Journal Section Review Article
Authors

Rabia Khalid 0000-0003-1238-928X

Early Pub Date July 31, 2025
Publication Date July 31, 2025
Submission Date January 6, 2025
Acceptance Date May 21, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Khalid, R. (2025). Determinants Of Occupational Injuries In Pakistan: Evidence From Pakistan Labor Force Survey. İzmir Yönetim Dergisi, 6(1), 28-40. https://doi.org/10.56203/iyd.1614195

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