Yenidoğan Hiperbilirübinemisinde Kan Değişimi: 5 Yıllık Deneyimimiz
Year 2024,
Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 85 - 91, 21.06.2024
Oğuz Han Kalkanlı
,
Senem Alkan Özdemir
,
Şebnem Çalkavur
,
Tülin Gökmen Yıldırım
Abstract
Amaç: Sarılık yenidoğanlarda sıklıkla gözlenen klinik bir durumdur. Yenidoğan sarılığı genellikle fizyolojik bir durum olmakla birlikte nadiren yüksek bilirübin düzeyine bağlı olarak akut veya kronik bilirübin ensefalopatisine neden olabilir. Çalışmamızdaki amaç yenidoğan dönemindeki hiperbilirübinemi nedeniyle kan değişimi yapılan hastalarla ilgili klinik deneyimlerimizi paylaşmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ocak 2017 ile Ağustos 2022 tarihleri arasında, Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Dr. Behçet Uz Çocuk Hastalıkları ve Cerrahisi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi yenidoğan yoğunbakım kliniğimizde yenidoğan hiperbilirübinemisi nedeniyle kan değişimi yapılan ve ≥35 gestasyonel hafta yenidoğanlar retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastaların demografik verileri, etiyolojik faktörleri, kan değişim öncesi ve sonrası laboratuvar değerleri, kan değişim süresi ve komplikasyonları, hiperbilirübinemiye bağlı akut ve kronik dönem komplikasyonları kayıt altına alınarak incelendi.
Bulgular: Toplam 45 yenidoğana 47 kez kan değişimi yapıldı. Hastaların ortalama gestasyonel haftası 38.2 (±1.4) hafta, doğum ağırlığı 3290 g (±480) ve hastaneye ortalama başvuru süresi postnatal 3.6 gündü (±2.1). Kan değişim süresi ortalama 86.6 (±23.4) dakika olup en sık kan değişim nedeni ABO kan grubu uygunsuzluğuna (%24.4) bağlıydı. 13 hastada hiperbilirübinemi nedeni tespit edilemedi. Kan değişimine bağlı en sık komplikasyon trombositopeni (%95.5), sonrasında hiperglisemi (%86.4) olarak gözlendi. Başvuru anında hastaların %6.6’sında orta ve ileri derecede akut bilirübin ensefalopatisi gözlenmesine rağmen sonraki dönem izlemlerde %17.7’sinde kronik bilirübin ensefalopatisi izlendi. Kan değişimine bağlı mortalite görülmedi.
Sonuç: Yenidoğanın ciddi hiperbilirübinemisinde bilirübin ensefalopatisi hastaların büyük bir çoğunluğunda ilk başvuru anında gözlenmeyebilir. Kan değişim her ne kadar serum bilirübin düzeyini hızlı bir şekilde düşürse de kronik bilirübin ensefalopatisi ileri dönemde gözlenebilir.
Ethical Statement
Çalışma için S.B.Ü. Dr. Behçet Uz Çocuk Hastalıkları ve Cerrahisi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi etik kurulundan onam alındı (protokol no: 2022/769).
Supporting Institution
Yok
References
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Year 2024,
Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 85 - 91, 21.06.2024
Oğuz Han Kalkanlı
,
Senem Alkan Özdemir
,
Şebnem Çalkavur
,
Tülin Gökmen Yıldırım
References
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- 2. Ebbesen F, Andersson C, Verder H, Grytter C, Pedersen‐bjergaard L, Petersen J. et al. xtreme hyperbilirubinaemia in term and near‐term infants in Denmark. Acta paediatr. 2005;94:59-64.
- 3. Davutoğlu M, Garipardiç M, Güler E, Karabiber H, Erhan D. The etiology of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and complications of exchange transfusion. Turk J Pediatr. 2010;52:163-6.
- 4. Kapoor D, Singh P, Seth A. Current perspective on exchange transfusion. Indian Pediatr. 017;54:961-2.
- 5. Mitra S, Rennie J. Neonatal jaundice: aetiology, diagnosis and treatment. Br J Hosp Med Lond. 2017;78:699-704.
- 6. Salas AA, Mazzi E. Exchange transfusion in infants with extreme hyperbilirubinemia: An experience from a developing country. Acta Paediatr. 2008;97:754-8.
- 7. Murki S, Kumar P, editors. Blood exchange transfusion for infants with severe neonatal yperbilirubinemia. Semin Perinatol. 2011:35:175-84.
- 8. Jackson JC. Adverse events associated with exchange transfusion in healthy and ill newborns. Pediatrics. 1997;99:e7.
- 9. Keenan WJ, Novak KK, Sutherland JM, Bryla DA, Fetterly KL. Morbidity and mortality associated with exchange transfusion. Pediatrics. 1985;75:417-41.
- 10. Patra K, Storfer-Isser A, Siner B, Moore J, Hack M. Adverse events associated with neonatal exchange transfusion in the 1990s. J Pediatr. 2004;144:626-31.
- 11. Shapiro SM, Riordan SM. Review of bilirubin neurotoxicity II: Preventing and treating acute bilirubin encephalopathy and kernicterus spectrum disorders. Pediatr Res. 2020;87:332-7.
- 12. Kuter N, Aysit-Altuncu N, Ozturk G, Ozek E. The neuroprotective effects of hypothermia on bilirubin-induced neurotoxicity in vitro. Neonatology. 2018;113:360-5.
- 13. Kaplan M, Bromiker R, Hammerman C, editors. Hyperbilirubinemia, hemolysis, and increased bilirubin neurotoxicity. Semin Perinatol; 2014:38:429-37.
- 14. Okulu E, Erdeve Ö, Tuncer O, Ertuğrul S, Özdemir H, Çiftdemir NA, et al. Exchange transfusion for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: A multicenter, prospective study of Turkish Neonatal Society. Turk Arch Pediatr. 2021;56:121.
- 15. Maisels MJ, Bhutani VK, Bogen D, Newman TB, Stark AR, Watchko JF. Hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant ≥ 35 weeks’ gestation: An update with clarifications. Pediatrics. 2009;124:1193-8.
- 16. Hakan N, Zenciroglu A, Aydin M, Okumus N, Dursun A, Dilli D. Exchange transfusion for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: an 8-year single center experience at a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in Turkey. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2015;28:1537-41.
- 17. Kaplan M, Hammerman C, editors. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: a potential source of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia and kernicterus. Semin Neonatol. 2002:7:121-8.
- 18. Ip S, Chung M, Kulig J, O'Brien R, Sege R, Glicken S, et al. An evidence-based review of important issues concerning neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Pediatrics. 2004;114:e130-e53.
- 19. Sanpavat S. Exchange transfusion and its morbidity in ten-year period at King Chulalongkorn Hospital. J Med Assoc Thai. 2005;88:588-92.
- 20. Badiee Z. Exchange transfusion in neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia: experience in Isfahan, Iran. Singapore Med j. 2007;48:421.
- 21. Iskander I, Gamaleldin R, Kabbani M. Root causes for late presentation of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia in Egypt. East Med Health J.2012;18:882-7.
- 22. Helal NF, Ghany EAGA, Abuelhamd WA, Alradem AYA. Characteristics and outcome of newborn admitted with acute bilirubin encephalopathy to a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit. World J Pediatr. 2019;15:42-8.
- 23. Rubaltelli GCMF. Prevention of bilirubin encephalopathy. Biol Neonate. 2001;79:219-23.
- 24. Chang R-J, Chou H-C, Chang Y-H, Chen M-H, Chen C-Y, Hsieh W-S, et al. Weight loss percentage prediction of subsequent neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in exclusively breastfed neonates. Pediatr Neonatol. 2012;53:41-4.
- 25. Flaherman VJ, Kuzniewicz MW, Li S, Walsh E, McCulloch CE, Newman TB. First-day weight loss predicts eventual weight nadir for breastfeeding newborns. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2013;98:F488-F92.
- 26. Duan L, Gan S, Hu H. A single-center experience on exchange transfusion therapy in 123 full-term cases of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Wuhan. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2021;34:466-72.
- 27. Smits-Wintjens VE, Rath ME, Van Zwet EW, Oepkes D, Brand A, Walther FJ, et al. Neonatal morbidity after exchange transfusion for red cell alloimmune hemolytic disease. Neonat. 2013;103:141-7.
- 28. Yu C, Li H, Zhang Q, He H, Chen X, Hua Z. Report about term infants with severe hyperbilirubinemia undergoing exchange transfusion in Southwestern China during an 11-year period, from 2001 to 2011. PloS One. 2017;12:e0179550.
- 29. Doyle PE, Eidelman AI, Lee K-s, Daum C, Gartner LM. Exchange transfusion and hypernatremia: possible role in intracranial hemorrhage in very-low-birth-weight infants. J Pediatr. 1978;92:848-9.
- 30. Wolf MF, Childers J, Gray KD, Chivily C, Glenn M, Jones L, et al. Exchange transfusion safety and outcomes in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. J Perinatol. 2020;40:1506-12.
- 31. Pottecher T, Forrler M, Picardat P, Krause D, Bellocq J, Otteni J. Thrombogenicity of central venous catheters: prospective study of polyethylene, silicone and polyurethane catheters with phlebography or post-mortem examination. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 1984;1:361-5.
- 32. Williams S, Chan AK, editors. Neonatal portal vein thrombosis: diagnosis and management. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med; 2011:16:329-39.