The Effect of Organic Mulch Materials on Weed Control in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Cultivation

Abstract

This study was carried out in Iğdır University Şehit Bülent Yurtseven Campus to investigate the effects of different mulch materials on weed control, cucumber yield and soil temperature and moisture in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivation in 2020 and 2021. Five mulch materials (Linen cover, peat, chopped paper, straw and fresh clipping grass) were used in the study. Temperature and humidity data loggers were used in the study. The research was established in a randomized complete block design with 7 characters and 4 replications. In the both years of the study, the effects of mulch applications on weed dry weights and cucumber yield and some yield components were determined. As a result of the study, a total of 12 weed species belonging to 7 families were determined in the trial area. Accordingly, the effects of mulching on weed dry weight and cucumber yield were significant for both years (p<0.01). The findings of the current study revealed that the effects of mulch applications on weed control, the lowest weed dry weights in both years were in Linen (0.00 g/m2) mulch plots that control weeds 100%, the highest weed dry weights were in weed control parcels in the first year were 285,25 g/m2 and 248,14 g/m2 in the second year. Also, the highest cucumber yield was obtained as 4.685 kg/da in the first year and 4.520 kg/da in the second year in both years in the linen plots, whilst the lowest cucumber yield was obtained in weed control plots in both years. Considering temperature and humidity, the highest values were noted in linen covered plots.

Keywords

• Mulching
• Felt
• Cucumber
• Grass waste
• Weed

References

1. Ahmad, S., Raza, M.A.S., Saleem, M.F, Zaheer, M.S., Iqbal, R., Haider, I., Aslam, M.U., Ali, M., & Khan, I. H. (2020). Significance of partial root zone drying and mulches for water saving and weed suppression in wheat. J. Anim. Plant Sci, 30, 154-162.
2. Beckie, H.J. (2020). Herbicide resistance in plants. 9(4), 435.
3. Bingölbali, D. (2019). Weed problem in vegetable growing in Van. Master's Thesis, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Institute of Science, Department of Plant Protection. Van. 45.
4. Bo, A.B., Won, O.J, Sin, H.T, Lee, J.J., & Park, K.W. (2017). Mechanisms of herbicides resistance in weeds . Korean Journal of Agricultural Science, 44(1), 1-15.
5. Casado, J., Brigden, K., Santillo, D., & Johnston, P. (2019). Screening of pesticides and veterinary drugs in small streams in the european union by liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry. Science of the total environment, 670, 1204-1225.
6. Chopra, M., & Koul, B. (2020). Comparative assessment of different types of mulching in various crops: a review. plant Archives, 20(2), 1620-1626.
7. Cullen, M.G., Thompson, L.J., Carolan, J.C., Stout, J.C., & Stanley, D.A. (2019). Fungicides , herbicides and bees : A systematic review of existing research and methods. Plos one, 14(12), e0225743.
8. Demirbaş, N., & Atış, E. (2005). Examination of food security in Turkish agriculture in the example of wheat. Ege University Faculty of Agriculture Journal, 42 (1), 179-19.

9. Devi Dayal, Naik, P.R., & Dongre, B.N. (1991). Effect of mulching on soil temperature and groundnut yield during rabi-summer season _ Groundnut News 3, 4.
10. FAO, (2022). Food and Agriculture Organization. http://www.fao.org/home/en. Access date (20.05.2022).
11. Gül, P. (2020). Effects of different mulch materials on weed control in watermelon cultivation. Master Thesis, Iğdır University, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Agricultural Sciences. Igdir, 45.
12. Gunay, A. (1993). Special Vegetable Cultivation. Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Textbook, Ankara, 40-46
13. Gürbüz, R., Alptekin, H., & Kaycı, H. (2021). Possibility of using mown weed wastes as mulch material in eggplant production. International Applied sciences Congress Iğdır, 40-48.
14. Iqbal, R., Raza, M.A.S., Valipour, M., Saleem, M.F., Zaheer, M.S., Ahmad, S., & Nazar, M.A. (2020). Potential agricultural and environmental benefits of mulches —a review . Bulletin of the national research Centre, 44, 1-16.
15. Jabłońska-Trypuc, A., Wydro, U., Wołejko, E., & Butarewicz, A. (2019). Toxicological effects of traumatic acid and selected herbicides on humans breast cancer cells: In in vitro cytotoxicity assessment of analyzed compounds. Molecules, 24(9), 1710.
16. Jabran, K. (2019). Role of mulching in pest management and agricultural sustainability. Cham: Springer.
17. Jabran, K., & Chauhan, B.S. (2018). Overview and significance of non-chemical weed control. Of Non-Chemical Weed Control ( pp . 1-8).
18. Jodaugiene, R.P., Urbonene, M., Pranckietis, V., & Pranckietiene, I. (2006). The impact of different types of organic mulches on weed emergence. Agronomy Research, 4: 197-201.
19. Jordan, A., Zavala, L. M., & Gil, J. (2010). Effects of mulching on soil physical properties and runoffs under semi -arid conditions in southern spain. Catena, 81(1), 77-85.
20. Kader, M. A., Singha, A., Begum, M. A., Jewel, A., Khan, F. H., & Khan, N. I. (2019). Mulching as water-saving technique in dryland agriculture. Bulletin of the national research Centre , 43(1), 1-6.
21. Kasirajan, S., & Ngouajio, M. (2012). Polyethylene and biodegradable mulches for agricultural applications: a review. Agronomy for sustainability development, 32(2), 501-529.
22. Kitiş, Y.E. (2011). Mulch and solarization applications in weed control. GAP VI. Agricultural Congress Proceedings, 463-468.
23. Mengüç, C., & Elibuyuk, B. C. (2014). Resistance to herbicides in weeds and their management. Turkish Journal of Scientific Reviews, 7(2), 19-22.
24. MGM, (2022). T.C Tarım Ve Orman Bakanığı. Mereoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü. https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlenen/il-ve-ilceler statistics aspx?m = IĞDIR Access date (15.05.2022).
25. Odum, P. (1971). Fundamentals of Ecology . WB Saunders Company , 574 p.
26. Perotti, V.E., Larran, A.S, Palmieri, V.E., Martinatto, A.K., & Permingeat, H.R. (2020). herbicide resistant weeds : a call to integrate conventional agricultural practices , molecular biology knowledge and new technologies. Plant Science , 290, 110255.
27. Peterson, M.A., Collavo, A., Ovejero, R., Shivrain, V., & Wals, M.J. (2018). The challenge of herbicide resistance around the world: a current summary . Pest management science, 74(10), 2246-2259.
28. Ramakrishna, A., Tam, H.M., Wani, S.P., & Long, T.D. (2006). Effect of mulch on soil temperature , moisture , weed infestation and yield of groundnut in northern Vietnam. Field crops research, 95(2-3), 115-125.
29. Rathore, A.L., Pal, A.R., & Sahu, K.K. (1998). Tillage and mulching effects on water use, root growth and yield of rainfed mustard and chickpea grown after lowland rice. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 78(2), 149-161.
30. Reddiex, S.J., Wratten, S.D, Hill, G.D., & Frampton, C.M. (2001). Evaluation of mechanical weed management techniques on weed and crop populations. New Zealand plant Protection, 54, 174-178.
31. Sardana, V., Mahajan, G., Jabran, K., & Chauhan, B.S. (2017). Role of competition in managing weeds : An introduction to the special issue. Crop Protection, 95, 1-7.
32. Schonbeck, M.W., & Evanylo, G.K. (1998). Effects of mulches on soil properties and tomatoes production I. Soil temperature, soil moisture and marketable yield. Journal of sustainability Agriculture, 13(1), 55-81.
33. Schütte, G., Eckerstorfer, M., Rastelli, V., Reichenbecher, W., Restrepo-Vassalli, S., Ruohonen-Lehto, M., & Mertens, M., (2017). Herbicide resistance and biodiversity : agronomic and environmental aspects of genetically modified herbicide-resistant plants. Environmental Sciences Europe, 29(1), 1-12.
34. Sevgican, A. (1989). Veiled Vegetables . TAV Publications, 19.
35. Sırrı, M., & Özaslan, C. (2020). Weeds in vegetable fields in Siirt province. ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4(3), 492-504.
36. Silva, V., Mol, H.G., Zomer, P., Tienstra, M., Ritsema, C. J., & Geissen, V. (2019). In pesticide residues in Europe agricultural soils –A hidden reality unfolded. Science of the Total Environment, 653, 1532-1545.
37. Su, W.H. (2020). Advanced machine learning in point spectroscopy , RGB-and hyperspectral-imaging for automatic discriminations of crops and weeds : A review . Smart Cities, 3(3), 767-792.
38. Swinton, S.M., & Van Deynze, B., (2017). Hoes to herbicides: economics of evolving weed management in the United States. The European Journal of Development Research, 29(3), 560-574.
39. Tepe, I. (1998). Weed problems in agricultural and non-agricultural fields in Türkiye and their struggles. Yüzüncü Yıl University Publications No: 32, ISBN 975-7616-24-9, Van, 237.
40. TÜİK, (2022). Türkiye Istatitik Kurumu. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/Start.do. Accessed (18.05.2022).
41. Yakar, S. (2008). Investigation of non-chemical control methods in ecological tomato and cucumber cultivation in greenhouses. Master's thesis, Çukurova University, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Plant Protection. Adana, 109.