Morphological Configuration of the Brain Arterial Supply of the Goat (Capra hircus)

Abstract

The anatomical study of the brain arteries is of great clinical and prognostic value. Because of veterinary practitioners have limited information about the intracranial circulation. Therefore, the present study aimed to configure course and variability of the arteries supplying the brain in goat. The study used eight goat heads to establishing the morphological pattern of the brain arteries. In goat, the internal carotid artery ill-developed supracranial but its intracranial reconstructed from the rete mirabile that formed from the maxillary artery at the cavernous sinus of dura mater. Our study recorded the brain received its blood through the maxillary and basilar arteries. The internal carotid artery leaved rete mirabile and divided into the rostral cerebral and caudal communicating arteries. The rostral cerebral artery formed the rostral part of the arterial circle of the brain while the caudal communicating arteries formed the caudal part. The rostral cerebral artery branched the rostral choroid artery, the artery of corpus callosum and bifurcated into the internal ophthalmic and internal ethmoidal arteries. The caudal communicating artery branched the caudal cerebral artery. The descend pattern of some arteries in all studied brains was asymmetric. The rostral cerebellar artery originated by double branches from the caudal communicating artery. The left caudal cerebellar artery was double while the right one was single.

Keywords

• brain,arteries,goat

References

1. [1] Levine JM, Levine GJ, Hoffman AG, Bratton G. Comparative anatomy of the horse, ox, and dog: the brain and associated vessels. Neurology. 2008;3.
2. [2] King AS. Physiological and clinical anatomy of the domestic mammals. Volume 1. Central nervous system: Oxford University Press; 1987.
3. [3] Gillilan LA. Blood supply to brains of ungulates with and without a rete mirabile caroticum. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 1974;153:275-90.
4. [4] Gillilan LA. Blood supply of vertebrate brains. CROSBY, EC; SCHNIYTZLEIN, HN New York Comparative correlative neuroanatomy of the vertebrate telecephalon Macmillan Publishing Co Inc, Cap. 1982;6:266-344.
5. [5] Fukuta K, Kudo H, Sasaki M, Kimura J, Ismail Db, Endo H. Absence of carotid rete mirabile in small tropical ruminants: implications for the evolution of the arterial system in artiodactyls. Journal of Anatomy. 2007;210:112-6.
6. [6] Ghoshal N, Khamas W. Gross and histomorphological study on the rostral epidural rete mirabile of the pig. Indian journal of animal sciences. 1985.
7. [7] Draehmpaehl D. Corrosion anatomical studies of the rete mirabile and the brain basal vessels of pygmy goats. Gegenbaurs morphologisches Jahrbuch. 1987;134:585-95.
8. [8] Maloney SK, Mitchell D, Blache D. The contribution of carotid rete variability to brain temperature variability in sheep in a thermoneutral environment. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 2007;292:R1298-R305.

9. [9] Lluch S, Dieguez G, Garcia A, Gomez B. Rete mirabile of goat: its flow-damping effect on cerebral circulation. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 1985;249:R482-R9.
10. [10] Sisson S, Grossman JD, Getty R. Sisson and Grossman’s The anatomy of the domestic animals: Saunders; 1975.
11. [11] Layunta M, Roldan R. Contribution to the anatomic knowledge of brain blood supply in the goat. Anatomia, histologia, embryologia. 1982;11:242.
12. [12] Qian Z, Climent S, Maynar M, Usón-Garallo J, Lima-Rodrigues MA, Calles C, et al. A simplified arteriovenous malformation model in sheep: feasibility study. American journal of neuroradiology. 1999;20:765-70.
13. [13] Kapoor K, Kak V, Singh B. Morphology and comparative anatomy of circulus arteriosus cerebri in mammals. Anatomia, histologia, embryologia. 2003;32:347-55.
14. [14] Burbridge B, Matte G, Remedios A. Complex intracranial arterial anatomy in swine is unsuitable for cerebral infarction projects. Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal. 2004;55:326.
15. [15] Nishimoto A, Katow T. A special type of cerebral vascular abnormality of the Japanese. Communication VIIIe Symposium Neuroradiologicum Paris1967.
16. [16] Karasawa J, Touho H, Ohnishi H, Kawaguchi M. Rete Mirabile in Humans—Case Report—. Neurologia medico-chirurgica. 1997;37:188-92.
17. [17] Ozgel O. CEREBRAL ARTERIAL CIRCLE IN GERMAN SHEPHERD DOGS RAISED IN TURKEY. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 2002;8:127-30.
18. [18] Ozgel O, Dursun N, Oto C. Arteries that supply the brain and the formation of circulus arteriosus cerebri in donkeys. Medycyna Weterynaryjna. 2007;63:1561-3.
19. [19] Brudnicki W, Gielecki J. Morfometryczna analiza tetnic podstawy mozgowia u plodow bydla. I. Budowa i zmiennosc tetnic podstawy mozgowia. Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Techniczno-Rolniczej w Bydgoszczy Zootechnika. 1996:53-62.
20. [20] Kürtül I, Aslan K, Özcan S, Aksoy G. Formation of Cerebral Arterial Circle (Circulus Arterious Cerebri) in the Fetus of Zavot Bred Cattle. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2003;9:153-6.
21. [21] Ocal M, Erden H, Ogut I, Kara M. A quantitative study on the retial arteries in one-humped camels. Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger. 1998;180:369-71.
22. [22] Brudnicki W. Basilar arteries of the brain in domestic goat [Capra hircus L]. Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities Series Veterinary Medicine. 2000;1.
23. [23] Ashwini CA, Shubha R, Jayanthi KS. Comparative anatomy of the circle of Willis in man, cow, sheep, goat, and pig. Neuroanatomy. 2008;7:54-65.