Organophosphorus pesticides biodegradation by three bacterial genera and their protoplast fusants

Abstract

Among the various groups of pesticides the major and most widely used group all over the world, is Organophosphorus. This group is rating more than 36% of the total world market. Chlorpyrifos as an Organophosphorus pesticides (OP) used for agriculture crop protection in the world, although it was prevented, it is used in some developed countries. The objective of this work was to degrade these pesticide using three common bacteria from farmlands that showed susceptibility for OP degradation (Pseudomonas fluorescens (Ps), Bacillus megaterium (Ba) and Rhizobium legumino-sarum (Rh)). The promising strains had been chosen for Intergeneric protoplast fusion. The protoplast fusion abilities for Chlorpyrifos biodegradation were examined and compared with their parental bacteria. Molecular study using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Sodium Dodecylsulphate-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) were applied to identifying the genetic interrelationship between fusants and their parents. These fusions showed a highly increase in Chlorpyrifos biodegradation and were very stable. Our results indicated that these fusants strains could be environmentally friendly bacterial strains and present some important characteristics effective for biodegradation of pesticides.

Keywords

• Chlorpyrifos . fusant strains . RAPD-PCR . pesticide degradation

References

1. [1]. Jeyaratnam J (1990) Acute pesticide poisoning: a major global health problem. World Health Stat Q 43: 139–144.
2. [2]. Eddleston M, Buckley NA, Eyer P, Dawson AH (2008) Management of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning Lancet 371: 597–607.
3. [3]. EPA US (2011) Chlorpyrifos Preliminary Human Health Risk Assessment for Registration Available in docket number EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0850.
4. [4]. Yacout MA, Sabra MN, Riad S, Marzouk A (2007) Genetic Characterization of intergeneric fusant between Agrobacterium and Bacillus and its effects on sugar beet calli J Adv Agric Res 12: 203-219.
5. [5]. Zhao D, Wu B, Zhang Y, Jia H, Zhang X, Cheng S (2009) Identification of protoplast fusion strain Fhhh by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA. World J Microb Biot 25:1181–1188.
6. [6]. Feng L, Xiong M, Cheng X, Hou N, Li C (2013) Construction and analysis of an intergeneric fusant able to degrade bensulfuron-methyl and butachlor. Biodegradation 24:47–56.
7. [7]. Lu J, Guo C, Li J, Zhang H, Lu G, Dang Z, Wu R (2013) A fusant of Sphingomonas sp. GY2B and Pseudomonas sp. GP3A with high capacity of degrading phenanthrene. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 29:1685–1694.
8. [8]. Shah Abadi K, Naziri M, Nemati M (2013) The effect of inequality of income on importation of goods and services in the selected developed and developing countries, Journal of economic modeling studies 12:51-72.

9. [9]. Manosalva P, Ryba-White M, Wu C, Lei C, Baraoidan M, Leung H, Leach J (2003) A PCR-based screening strategy for detecting deletions in defense response genes in rice Phytopathology 93:S57.
10. [10]. Sangeetha RI, Arulpandi I, Geetha A (2014) Molecular characterization of a proteolysis-resistant lipase from Bacillus pumilus SG2 Braz J Microbiol 45(2): 389–393.
11. [11]. Lammeli UK (1970) Cleave structural proteins during the assembly of the Head of Bacteriophage T4 Nature 227: 680-685.
12. [12]. Nei M, Li WH (1979) Mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction endonucleases P Natl Acad Sci. 76: 5269–5273.
13. [13]. Yacout MA, Khaled AM, Marzouk AI (2010) Isolation and cloning of DNA fragment related to Organophosphorous pesticides Biodegradation from Egyptian Rhizobium isolates The 8th International Symposium on Biocontrol and Biotechnology, Pattaya, Thailand: 38.
14. [14]. Savitha S, Sadhasivam S, Swaminathan K (2010) Regeneration and molecular characterization of an intergeneric hybrid between Graphium putredinis and Trichoderma harzianum by protoplasmic fusion. Biotechnol Adv 28: 285–292.
15. [15]. Chakraborty U, Sikdar SR (2008) Production and characterization of somatic hybrids raised through protoplast fusion between edible mushroom strains Volvariella volvacea and Pleurotus florida World J Microb Biot 24:1481–1492.
16. [16]. Mansee AH, Yacout MA, Montasser MR (2005) Enhancing Organophosphorus Pesticides Detoxification Using Intergeneric Protoplast Fusion between Escherichia Coli and Two Different Bacterial Genera. Ibnalhaitham J Sci Tech 45-51.
17. [17]. Lu J, Guo C, Zhang M, Lu G, Dang Z (2014) Biodegradation of single pyrene and mixtures of pyrene by a fusant bacterial strain F14.Int Biodeter Biodegr 87:75–80.