Determination of Potential Cytotoxic and Mutagenic Effects of Aluminum Acetate

Abstract

In this study, both cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of aluminum acetate were evaluated by using Allium cepa root meristematic cells and Ames test. In A. cepa test, EC50 value was determined as 156.25 ppm and EC50/2 (78.125ppm), EC50 (156.25 ppm), EC50×2 (312.5 ppm) concentrations of aluminum acetate were used for root growth inhibition and mitotic index (MI) determination tests. A. cepa test results showed that MI significantly decreased with aluminum acetate concentration at each exposure time. Aluminum acetate showed a cytotoxic effect due to decreasing of MI%. It was also observed that aluminum acetate decreased significantly the percentages of prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase stages in all concentrations in each exposure time. The aluminum acetate was also investigated for its mutagenic effects at nontoxic concentrations (1000, 500, 250, 125, 62.5 μg/plate) by employing Ames test, as well. These results suggested that aluminum acetate has a weak mutagenic effect at 1000 μg/plate concentration.

Keywords

• Allium test,Ames test,cytotoxicity,Aluminum acetate,mutagenicity

References

1. Kim SJ, Rim KT, Kim HY, Yang JS. 2010. Mutagenicity of octane and tetrasodium pyrophosphate in bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test. J Toxicol Sci, 35, 555-562.
2. Calvo TR, Cardoso CR., Silva-Moura A, Dos-Santos LC, Colus IM, Vilegas W, Varanda EA, 2011.Mutagenic activity of Indigofera truxillensis and I. suffruticosa, aerial parts, eCAM, 8, 1-9.
3. Omurtag GZ, Arıcıoğlu F, Şardaş S, Oğuz, S. 2013. The investigation of mutagenic and carcinogenic effects by the Ames test, J Mar Üni Inst Health Sci, 3(2), 75-82.
4. Ergene S, Çeli A, Çavaş T, Kaya F. 2007. Genotoxic biomonitoring study of population residing in pesticide contaminated regions in Göksu Delta: micronucleus, chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges, Environ Int, 33, 877–885.
5. Konuk M, Akyıl D, Liman R, Özkara A. 2008. Examination of the mutagenic effects of some pesticides, Fres Environ Bull, 17, 439-442.
6. Saxena PN, Gupta SK, Murthy RC. 2010. Carbofuran induced cytogenetic effects in root meristem cells of Allium cepa and Allium sativum: A spectroscopic approach for chromosome damage, Pest Biochem Physiol, 96(2), 93–100.
7. Uysal A, Durak Y, Aladağ MO. 2010. Investigation of mutagenic effects of some plant growth regulators on Salmonella/Microsome Test System, Fres Environ Bull, 19,170- 175.
8. Özkara A, Akyıl D, Eren Y, Erdoğmuş SF, Konuk M, Sağlam E. 2014. Assessment of cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of pyracarbolid by Allium test and micronucleus assay, D Chem Toxicol, 38(3), 337-341.

9. Erdoğmuş SF, Eren Y, Akyıl D, Özkara A, Konuk M, Sağlam E. 2015. Evaluation of in vitro genotoxic effects of benfurocarb in human peripheral blood lymphocytes, Fres Environ Bull, 24(3), 796-799.
10. Mortelmans K, Zeiger E. 2000. The Ames Salmonella/ microsome mutagenicity assay, Mutat Res, 455, 29-60.
11. Fiskesjo G. 1985.The Allium test as standard in environmental monitoring, Hereditas, 102, 99–112.
12. Sang N, Li G, Xin X. 2006. Municipal landfill lecbate induces cytogenetic damage in root tips of Hordeum vulgare, Ecotoxicol Environ Safe, 63, 469-473.
13. Konuk M, Liman R, Cigerci İH. 2007. Determination of genotoxic effect of boron on Allium cepa root meristematic cells, Pak J Bot, 39, 73–79.
14. Brams A, Buchet JF, Crutzen-Fayt MC, Meester DE, Lauwerys R, Leonard AA. 1987. Comparative study, with 40 chemicals, of the efficiency of the Salmonella assay and the SOS chromotest (kit procedure), Toxicol Let, 38, 23-133.
15. Dean BJ, Brooks TM, Hodson-Walkerand G, Hutson, DH. 1985. Genetic toxicology testing of 41 industrial chemicals, Mutat Res, 153, 57-77.
16. Maron DH, Ames BN. 1983. Revised methods for the Samonella typhimurium mutagenicity test, Mutat Res,113, 173-215.
17. Soloneski S, Larramendy M. 2010. Sister chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells treated with insecticide pirimicarb, J Hazard Mater, 174, 410–415.
18. Fernandes TCC, Mazzeoand DEC, Marin-Morales MA. 2007. Mechanism of micronuclei formation in polyploidizated cells of Allium cepa exposed to trifl uralin herbicide. Pest Biochem Physiol, 88, 252-259.
19. Shcneiderman MH, Dewey WC, Highfıeld DP. 1971. Inhibition of DNA synthesis in synchronized Chinese hamster cell treated in G1 with cycloheximide, Exp Cell Res, 67, 147-155.
20. Van’t Hof J. 1968. The action of IAA and kinetin on the mitotic cycle of proliferative and stationary phase excised root meristem, Exp Cell Res, 51, 167-176.
21. El-Khodary S, Habib A, Haliem A. 1989, Cytological effect of the herbicide garlon-4 on root mitosis of Allium cepa, Cytologia, 5, 465-472.
22. Rencüzoğulları E, Kayraldız A, Üla HB, Akmak T, Topaktaş M. 2001, The cytogenetic effects of sodium metabisulfite, a food preservative in root tip cells of Allium cepa L, Turk , 25, 361-370.
23. Dönbak L, Rencüzoğulları E, Topaktaş M. 2002, The cytogenetic effects of the food additive boric acid in Allium cepa L, Cytologia, 67, 153-157.
24. Gömürgen AN. 2005, Cytological effect of the potassium metabisulphite and potassium nitrate, food preservative on root tips of Allium cepa L, Cytologia, 70, 119-128.
25. Srivastava K, Mishra KK. 2009, Cytogenetic effects of commercially formulated atrazine on the somatic cells of Allium cepa and Vicia faba, Pest Biochem Physiol, 93, 8-12.
26. Öksüzoğlu E. 2005, Effect of α-keto acids against H2O2 and NaN3 induced mutagenesis in different strains of Salmonella typhimurium, Turk J Biol, 29, 161-166.
27. Kaur M, Arora S, Nagpal A, Katnoria JK. 2014, Clastogenic effects of synthetic food dyes using Salmonella typhymurium and Allium cepa test systems, Indian J Biotechnol, 13, 547-550.