Research Article
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The Anabaptist Movement: The Amish Perspective on Education

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 60 - 74, 16.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.46595/jad.1545162

Abstract

The Amish are a group that emerged from the Anabaptists, a radical offshoot of the 16th century Reformation Movement. By accepting adult baptism instead of infant baptism, the Anabaptists, who differed significantly from Catholics and Protestants, experienced the first split in their history as a result of Jacob Ammann's ideas in the 1690s, and Ammann's followers were later called Amish. The Amish, who have managed to isolate themselves from the modern world at many points, attract attention with their beliefs and lifestyles. The Amish, who differ from modern communities with their distant attitude towards technology, their non-participation in military service due to their opposition to violence, and their unique clothing style, also display a very different attitude towards education. The Amish reject compulsory high school education and do not send their children to school after the eighth grade. The Amish, who want to raise humble individuals in line with their beliefs, have the right to establish their own schools and educate their children as a result of long struggles with the US government. In this study, the philosophy of education of the Amish, the effect of their beliefs on their understanding of education, the problems they had with the state in education and the reasons for these problems were discussed. In our study, descriptive method was used as a method. Sources were analysed using content analysis technique, one of the qualitative research methods. As a result of our study, it has been observed that one of the important factors in the continuation of the beliefs and cultures of the Amish to the present day is their understanding of education.

Ethical Statement

It is declared that scientific and ethical principles have been followed while carrying out and writing this study and that all the sources used have been properly cited

References

  • Altıntaş, Emre. “Karşılaştırmalı Din Eğitimi”. Edebali İslamiyat Dergisi 1/2 (Kasım 2017), 111-114.
  • Basham, Randall E. “Technology and Community in a Rural Culture: The Amish”. Cultural and Religious Studie 7/12 (Aralık 2019), 660-667. https://doi.org/10.17265/2328-2177/2019.12.002
  • Çatalbaş, Resul. Radikal Reformistler Hıristiyanlıkta Anabaptist Hareket. Ankara: Berikan Yayınevi, 2015.
  • Ediger, Marlow. “Old Order Amish Philosophy of Education”. Truman State University 125/3 (22 Mart 2005), 422- 425.
  • Erbay, Şakire. “The Amish: A Distinctive Cosmos Serving Well For A Philological Dualism”. Narrative And Language Studies 1/1 (11 Temmuz 2016), 1-19.
  • Hawley, Jana M. “The Amish Veil: Symbol of Separation and Community”. The Veil: Women Writers on its History, Lore, and Politics. ed. J. Heath. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008. 90-98
  • Hershberger, Guy F. The Recovery of the Anabaptist Vision: A Sixtieth Anniversary Tribute to Harold S. Bender. Arkansas: The Baptist Standard Bearer, Inc., 1957.
  • Hostetler, John A. - Huntington, Gertrude E. Children in Amish Society: Socialization and Community Education. New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston., 1971.
  • Keim, Albert N. Compulsory Education and the Amish: The Right Not to be Modern. Boston: Beacon Press, 1975.
  • Keleş, Hatice. Mennonit Kilisesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Elazığ: Fırat Üniversitesi, Doktora Tezi, 2017.
  • Kraybill, Donald B. Concise Encyclopedia of Amish, Brethren, Hutterites and Mennonites. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010.
  • Kraybill, Donald B vd. The Amish. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013.
  • Kraybill, Donald B. The Amish and the State, Second Edition. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, Second Edition., 2003.
  • Kraybill, Donald B. The Riddle of Amish Culture. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.
  • Kraybill, Donald B - Bowman, Carl F. On the Backroad to Heaven. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.
  • Kraybill, Donald B - Olshan, Marc A. “The Amish Struggle With Modernity”. New Hampshire: University Press of New England, 1994.
  • Kutsal Kitap (Tevrat, Zebur, İncil). İstanbul: Yeni Yaşam Yayınları, 2020.
  • McConnell, David L. - Hurst, Charles E. Amish Paradoks. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010.
  • Nolt, Steven M. The Amish. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2016.
  • Öner, Yasin. “21. Yüzyılda Teknolojiye İnanç Merkezli Bir Karşı Duruş: Amiş Topluluğu”. Şarkiyat 15/2 (Aralık 2023), 490-560. https://doi.org/10.267971/ sarkiyat.1320335.
  • Öztürk, Nermin. “Amiş Ailesinde Kadının Rolü ve Bu Rolün Belirlenmesinde Dinin Etkisi” 10/1 (2010), 57-73.
  • Stevick, Richard A. Growing up Amish: The Teenage Years. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007.
  • Stoll, J. “Who shall educate our children?” Compulsory education and the Amish. The right not to be modern. ed. A.N Keim. 16-42. Boston: Beacon Press, 1975.
  • Sullivan, Jessica R. A Recipe for Success in the ‘English World’: An Investigation of the Ex-Amish in Mainstream Society. Kalamazoo: Western Michigan University, Doktora Tezi, 2018.
  • Weiner-Johnson, Karen M. New York Amish:Life in the Plain Communites of the Empire State. New York: Comell University Press, 2010.
  • Weiner-Johnson, Karen M. “Old Order Amish Education: The Yoder Decision in the 21st Century”. Journal of Amish and Plain Anabaptist Studies 3/1 (2015), 25-44.
  • Weiner-Johnson, Karen M. “Old Order Amish Private School: Preparing Children and Preserving Community”. Cultural Education - Cultural Sustainability. ed. Zvi Bekerman - Ezra Kopelowitz. 267-284. New York: Routledge, 1. Basım, 2008.
  • Weyer, Sharon M. vd. “A Look into the Amish Culture: What Should We Learn?” Journal of Transcultural Nursing: Official Journal of the Transcultural Nursing Society 14/2 (Nisan 2003), 139-145. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659602250639
  • Yang, Han. “Equality or Diversity: The Education of the Amish Child”. Praxis, Folks’ Beliefs, and Rituals: Explorations in the Anthropology of Religion. ed. Augustin F.C. Holl. 29-37. Xiamen: B P International, 2022.

Anabaptist Bir Hareket Amişler’in Eğitime Bakışı

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 60 - 74, 16.06.2025
https://doi.org/10.46595/jad.1545162

Abstract

Amişler, 16.yüzyılda meydana gelen Reform Hareketi’nin radikal bir kolu olan Anabaptistler’den ortaya çıkmış bir gruptur. Bebek vaftizi yerine yetişkin vaftizini kabul ederek Katolik ve Protestanlardan ciddi bir şekilde ayrılan Anabaptistler, 1690’lı yıllara gelindiğinde Jacob Ammann’ın fikirleri neticesinde tarihlerindeki ilk ayrılığı yaşamış ve Ammann’ın takipçileri zamanla Amiş olarak adlandırılmıştır. Modern dünyadan kendilerini birçok noktada soyutlamayı başaran Amişler, sahip oldukları inanç ve yaşam biçimleri ile oldukça dikkat çekmektedir. Teknolojiye karşı mesafeli tutumları, şiddete karşı olmaları nedeni ile askerlik hizmetine katılmamaları, kendilerine özgü bir giyim tarzları ile modern topluluklardan ayrılan Amişler, eğitim konusunda da oldukça farklı bir tavır sergilemektedir. Amişler, zorunlu lise eğitimini reddederek sekizinci sınıftan sonra çocuklarını okula göndermemektedir. Kendi inançları doğrultusunda alçakgönüllü bireyler yetiştirmek isteyen Amişler, ABD hükümeti ile verdiği uzun mücadeleler neticesinde kendi okullarını kurma ve çocuklarını eğitme hakkına sahip olmuştur. Bu çalışmada Amişler’in eğitim felsefesi, inançlarının eğitim anlayışlarına etkisi, eğitimde devlet ile yaşadıkları problemler ve bu problemlerin nedenleri ele alınmıştır. Çalışmamızda yöntem olarak deskriptif metod kullanılmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik analizi tekniği kullanılarak kaynaklar incelenmiştir. Çalışmamızın sonucunda Amişler’in inanç ve kültürlerinin bozulmadan günümüze kadar devam etmesindeki önemli etkenlerden birinin, sahip oldukları eğitim anlayışları olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışmanın hazırlanma sürecinde bilimsel ve etik ilkelere uyulduğu ve yararlanılan tüm çalışmaların kaynakçada belirtildiği beyan olunur.

References

  • Altıntaş, Emre. “Karşılaştırmalı Din Eğitimi”. Edebali İslamiyat Dergisi 1/2 (Kasım 2017), 111-114.
  • Basham, Randall E. “Technology and Community in a Rural Culture: The Amish”. Cultural and Religious Studie 7/12 (Aralık 2019), 660-667. https://doi.org/10.17265/2328-2177/2019.12.002
  • Çatalbaş, Resul. Radikal Reformistler Hıristiyanlıkta Anabaptist Hareket. Ankara: Berikan Yayınevi, 2015.
  • Ediger, Marlow. “Old Order Amish Philosophy of Education”. Truman State University 125/3 (22 Mart 2005), 422- 425.
  • Erbay, Şakire. “The Amish: A Distinctive Cosmos Serving Well For A Philological Dualism”. Narrative And Language Studies 1/1 (11 Temmuz 2016), 1-19.
  • Hawley, Jana M. “The Amish Veil: Symbol of Separation and Community”. The Veil: Women Writers on its History, Lore, and Politics. ed. J. Heath. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008. 90-98
  • Hershberger, Guy F. The Recovery of the Anabaptist Vision: A Sixtieth Anniversary Tribute to Harold S. Bender. Arkansas: The Baptist Standard Bearer, Inc., 1957.
  • Hostetler, John A. - Huntington, Gertrude E. Children in Amish Society: Socialization and Community Education. New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston., 1971.
  • Keim, Albert N. Compulsory Education and the Amish: The Right Not to be Modern. Boston: Beacon Press, 1975.
  • Keleş, Hatice. Mennonit Kilisesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Elazığ: Fırat Üniversitesi, Doktora Tezi, 2017.
  • Kraybill, Donald B. Concise Encyclopedia of Amish, Brethren, Hutterites and Mennonites. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010.
  • Kraybill, Donald B vd. The Amish. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013.
  • Kraybill, Donald B. The Amish and the State, Second Edition. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, Second Edition., 2003.
  • Kraybill, Donald B. The Riddle of Amish Culture. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.
  • Kraybill, Donald B - Bowman, Carl F. On the Backroad to Heaven. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.
  • Kraybill, Donald B - Olshan, Marc A. “The Amish Struggle With Modernity”. New Hampshire: University Press of New England, 1994.
  • Kutsal Kitap (Tevrat, Zebur, İncil). İstanbul: Yeni Yaşam Yayınları, 2020.
  • McConnell, David L. - Hurst, Charles E. Amish Paradoks. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010.
  • Nolt, Steven M. The Amish. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2016.
  • Öner, Yasin. “21. Yüzyılda Teknolojiye İnanç Merkezli Bir Karşı Duruş: Amiş Topluluğu”. Şarkiyat 15/2 (Aralık 2023), 490-560. https://doi.org/10.267971/ sarkiyat.1320335.
  • Öztürk, Nermin. “Amiş Ailesinde Kadının Rolü ve Bu Rolün Belirlenmesinde Dinin Etkisi” 10/1 (2010), 57-73.
  • Stevick, Richard A. Growing up Amish: The Teenage Years. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007.
  • Stoll, J. “Who shall educate our children?” Compulsory education and the Amish. The right not to be modern. ed. A.N Keim. 16-42. Boston: Beacon Press, 1975.
  • Sullivan, Jessica R. A Recipe for Success in the ‘English World’: An Investigation of the Ex-Amish in Mainstream Society. Kalamazoo: Western Michigan University, Doktora Tezi, 2018.
  • Weiner-Johnson, Karen M. New York Amish:Life in the Plain Communites of the Empire State. New York: Comell University Press, 2010.
  • Weiner-Johnson, Karen M. “Old Order Amish Education: The Yoder Decision in the 21st Century”. Journal of Amish and Plain Anabaptist Studies 3/1 (2015), 25-44.
  • Weiner-Johnson, Karen M. “Old Order Amish Private School: Preparing Children and Preserving Community”. Cultural Education - Cultural Sustainability. ed. Zvi Bekerman - Ezra Kopelowitz. 267-284. New York: Routledge, 1. Basım, 2008.
  • Weyer, Sharon M. vd. “A Look into the Amish Culture: What Should We Learn?” Journal of Transcultural Nursing: Official Journal of the Transcultural Nursing Society 14/2 (Nisan 2003), 139-145. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659602250639
  • Yang, Han. “Equality or Diversity: The Education of the Amish Child”. Praxis, Folks’ Beliefs, and Rituals: Explorations in the Anthropology of Religion. ed. Augustin F.C. Holl. 29-37. Xiamen: B P International, 2022.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Religious Studies (Other)
Journal Section Peer-reviewed Research Articles
Authors

Büşra Akkiraz 0009-0009-9550-0000

Publication Date June 16, 2025
Submission Date September 7, 2024
Acceptance Date January 22, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

ISNAD Akkiraz, Büşra. “Anabaptist Bir Hareket Amişler’in Eğitime Bakışı”. Journal of Analytic Divinity 9/1 (June2025), 60-74. https://doi.org/10.46595/jad.1545162.

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